What should one learn daily?

From Halachipedia

Relative Importance

  1. Chazal tell us that "regardless, if one brings a large Korban or a small one as long as one's intentions are for heaven (one's korban is accepted)." [1] The same idea applies to Torah study. [2]
  2. If one likes to learn and understands it, one can refrain from extending Tefillah and only say the portions that are obligatory. [3]

Mussar

  1. It's very important to learn Mussar daily because the greater one is, the greater one's Yetzer hara is. [4] Torah was created as an antidote to the Yetzer Hara. [5] Even if learning Mussar takes away from learning other portions of Torah like Gemara, it's important to study Mussar. [6]

Shelish BeMikrah

  1. One should apportion one's time to study torah into three, one portion Torah SheBichtav (written torah; Tanach), one portion Torah SheBalpeh (oral Torah; mishna, gemara, and explanation of Torah Shebechtav), and one portion of Talmud which is thinking about Torah, extracting one thing from another, comparing things, and expounding Torah according to the Midot of the Torah. [7] The above applies when one is beginning one's study, however once one is knowledgeable in Torah and Mishna one can move on to study only Talmud. [8]


References

  1. Menachot 110a
  2. Mishna Brurah 1:12 writes that this principle also applies to Torah learing. Halacha Brurah 1:11 concurs and writes that such is evident from Brachot 5b.
  3. Eliyah Rabba 1:1, Lechem Chamudot (Brachot HaRoeh 84), Birkei Yosef 1:9, Mishna Brurah 1:12, Halacha Brurah 1:11, Kaf HaChaim 1:31.
  4. Sukkah 52
  5. Kedushin 30b
  6. Birkei Yosef 1:9 and Chaye Adam (Yom Kippur Klal 432) write that one should study Mussar daily even at the expense of torah study time. Mishna Brurah (Shaar Tzion 1:26) and Halacha Brurah 1:11 bring this as halacha.
  7. S"A Y"D 246:4 based on Rambam's understanding of Kedushin 30a
  8. Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 1) writes that when one masters Torah SheBechtav one should focus on Torah SheBalPeh. Kesef Mishna (ibid.) writes that such a ruling is obvious because study of Talmud is the most time consuming. S"A YD 246:4 rules like the Rambam. Birkei Yosef YD 246:4 laments the fact that many people only read the abridged halachot and dispair from the difficult study of talmud because they are decreasing torah (against the principle of "VeYagdil Torah VeYadir") and causing the reasonings to be forgotten.