Seuda Shelishit

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Obligation

There is an obligation to eat three meals on shabbat, [1] and if one missed the meal on friday night, he should eat three during the day. [2]

  1. The obligation of eating the third meal of Shabbat (Seudat Shelishit) is rabbinic. [3]
  2. Women are obligated in Seudat Shelishit. [4]

Amount to eat

  1. If one is full one should eat at least a KeBaytzah of bread.[5] However, if one is unable one should at least have a Kezayit. [6]
  2. If one can not eat at all then one is not obligated to pain oneself. Nonetheless a wise person will see ahead and leave room for Suedat Shelishit. [7]
  3. One must eat bread however if one is very full and is unable then one should eat Mezonot. If that is also impossible one should have food which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish or at least fruit (cooked fruit is preferable). If one doesn't have fruit then one may use a Reviyit of wine. [8]
  4. According to Sephardim one should be careful to have two whole loaves of bread for Lechem Mishneh at Seudat Shelishit. However, according to Ashkenazim, it's preferable to have two whole loaves but it's sufficient to have just one whole loaf. [9]
  5. If one only has one whole loaf of bread and a broken piece one should use the whole one for Sueda Shelishit instead of saving it for Melava Malka. [10]
  6. One doesn't need to cover the loaves of bread before making HaMotzei, however, it's preferable to cover them even at Suedat Shelishit. [11]

Timing

  1. The earliest time to fulfill Seudat Shelishit is from 6 and a 1/2 hours (Shaot Zmaniot) into the day. [12]
  2. The Minhag is to eat Seudat Shelishit between Mincha and Maariv/Arvit. [13]If one is unable to have it after mincha one should have it before mincha. [14]

Other

  1. There is no obligation to do Kiddush at Suedat Shelishit, but it is nice to make a beracha on wine even during the meal. [15]

References

  1. ↑ Mishna Berura 291:1. This is based on the gemara in shabbat 117b which derives from the verse in Shemot 16:25 which mentions the word "hayom" meaning today three times.
  2. ↑ Rama 291:1
  3. ↑ Mishna Brurah 291:1. See Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 16:13. Maharil 94, Peri Megadim 291 in Mishbetzot Zahav 1 say that it is rabbinic. Sefer Chareidim 14:3 disagrees though and says that it is from the torah.
  4. ↑ S"A 291:6. This is based on Rabbeinu Tam in Sefer Hayashar 70:4 which says that women are obligated because they too were part of the miracle of the manna. The Ran on Shabbat 44a says that it is based on the same source as a woman's obligation in kiddush, that since they are obligated in refraining from melacha, they are also obligated in the mitzvot aseh even if it is only rabbinic. The Aruch Hashulchan 291:4 says that many women are unaware of their obligation and we should work to fix that.
  5. ↑ S"A 291:1
  6. ↑ Mishna Brurah 291:2, Kaf HaChaim 291:5, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 399)
  7. ↑ S"A 291:1
  8. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 409)
  9. ↑ S"A and Rama 291:4
  10. ↑ Biur Halacha 291 D"H VeLePachot
  11. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 291:9)
  12. ↑ S"A 291:2
  13. ↑ Rama 291:2
  14. ↑ Aruch HaShulchan 291:4
  15. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 291:4 says you do not need to say kiddush for seudat shlishit, and Mishna Berura 291:21 adds that it is nice to make the beracha on wine because it enhances the meal. The Tur 291 quotes the Rambam as saying that we should say kiddush on seudat shlishit as well, but says that the Rosh disagrees because just like there is only one kiddush at night, so too in the day. The Beit Yosef says since most rishonim hold that we don't say kiddush, it is unnecessary, but you don't lose anything if you do.
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