Kaddesh

From Halachipedia

Who is obligated in the mitzvah

  1. Kiddish of Yom Tov is made over the first cup of wine of the Seder. Therefore even though by Kiddish on Friday night one person can fulfill the obligation of everyone else by drinking the cup, on Pesach night there’s a separate obligation on everyone to drink the four cups of wine. [1]
  2. Women are also obligated in the mitzvah of four cups of wine because they were also part of the miracle. [2]

Timing of Kaddesh

  1. One shouldn't say Kiddish before Tzet HaChochavim. [3]
  2. Even one learning in a Bet Medrash should stop to start the meal on time (at Tzet) so that the children will be awake to ask questions. [4]

The Shechiyanu of Kaddesh

  1. The Bracha of Shechiyanu is part of the Kiddish. [5]
  2. If one forgot to make the Shechiyanu during the Kiddish: some hold one can make it anytime afterwards that day and if you remember on the second day of Yom Tov you should fulfill the obligation with the Shechiyanu of that day's kiddish and if you forgot also then one can say it during the rest of peasch, even if one remembers in the marketplace. However, some argue that one can only make the bracha until one says the bracha of Asher Galanu of the Magid because that fulfills one's requirement. [6]
  3. If a woman already made Shechiyanu during the candle lighting some say it's an interruption to answer amen unless one has in mind while lighting the candles that the Shechiyanu should cover the Yom Tov but not the mitzvah of Matzah and Maror. However others hold it's not considered an interruption and the amen can be answered. [7]

If four cups are drunk all at once

  1. If all four cups are drunk at once and not dispersed throughout the Seder in their proper place one doesn't fulfill his obligation. [8]

References

  1. ↑ S”A 673:1
  2. ↑ Pesachim 108b rules that everyone is obligated in the four cups of wine of the Seder. Rambam (Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 7:7) and S”A 672:15-16 rule that women are also obligated in the mitzvah. Source Sheet: http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg37c33t_79fn8mhqht
  3. ↑ Rosh Pesachim 10:2 writes that the night of Pesach is special that we don't do the mitzvot before night even though by Shabbat and other Yom Tovim we hold that one can add from the weekdays to the Shabbat or Yom Tov. Thus, Tur writes that one shouldn't eat the meal before night night. Bet Yosef 472:1 quotes the Trumat HaDeshen that rules that even the Kiddish which is part of the four cups of the Seder must be done at night. So rules S"A 473:1 that Kiddish and the rest of the mitzvot of the night need to be done during the night. The Taz 472:1 gives another reason the Kiddish must be done at night; because the Kiddish is done in order to eat the Matzah and have Kiddish BeMakom Seudah, just like the Matzah has to be at night so too does the Kiddish.
  4. ↑ Tur and S"A 472:1 based on Gemara Pesachim 109a
  5. ↑ S”A 673:1
  6. ↑ The Magan Avraham 6 73:1 comments that one can make up the bracha of Shechiyanu all the days of the peasch just like any other holiday and proves it from Eiruvin 40b which concludes that one can say Shechiyanu all seven days. However, Sh"t Arugat HaBosem 144 argues that after you make the bracha on the haggadah of Asher Galanu one has fulfilled his obligation of Shechiyanu because it includes the words "Vahigiyanu HaLaylah HaZeh". The Sh"t Siach Yitzchak and Chazon Ovadyah (Peasch vol 2 pg 29) rule like the Arugot HaBosem and bring a proof from the Orchot Chaim who ask why do we say Vahigiyanu in Asher Galanu if we already said Shechiyanu implying that Asher Galanu can fulfill the requirement of Shechiyanu. Source Sheet: http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg37c33t_80cb4cgvgb
  7. ↑ Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank in Sh"T Har Tzvi 1:154 quotes those who say that one shouldn't answer amen tothe Shechiyanu since the woman already fulfill her obligation and it'd be an interruption between the Borei Pri HaGafen and drinking the cup (since there's an obligation of 4 cups even woman are obligated to drink after Kiddish). Rav Frank adds that lechatchila one should be careful not even to hear the bracha in the kiddish becasue just hearing it can be a Hefsek. Rav Vosner in Sh"t HaLevi 3:69 rules that an amen would be an interruption unless the Shechiyanu was coming to fulfill some obligation. Therefore on Peasch where the Shechiyanu is coming for the Matzah, Maror, and Sippur Yitziyat Mitzrayim, an amen isn't an interruption. Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Peasch vol 2 pg 27) concurs. For this reason, Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg in Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 10:19 is lenient that the woman is allowed to even make the bracha again. Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach in Sh"t Minchat Shlomo 2:60(24) argues that since Shechiyanu is part of the established Kiddish it isn't an interruption at all to answer amen. Source Sheet: http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg37c33t_81g74f957c
  8. ↑ S"A 472:8
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