Respecting a Sefer Torah

From Halachipedia

Everyone is obligated to honor a Sefer Torah. One should be in a state of seriousness and awe in front of the Sefer Torah as it serves as a testament to the world of Judaism. [1]

Placement and Storage

  1. There is a mitzvah to designate a place for the Sefer Torah.[2] When the Sefer Torah is placed in the Aron and also when it is on the Bimah it should be placed in a leaning position and not standing or lying flat.[3] However, according to Sephardim the Sefer Torah both when it is in the Aron and when it is read on the Bimah should be standing straight up. This is the minhag of Sephardim and how the Sephardic Sefer Torah is constructed.[4]
  2. When there are multiple sifrei Torah taken out for a Kriyat Hatorah, there is what to rely on to leave the Sefer Torah leaning in a Sefer Torah holder (wooden chair-like structure) secured properly.[5]
  3. It is forbidden to turn over the klaf on the Sefer Torah so that it is should face down. If it is found overturned, it should be turned face up.[6]
  4. It is forbidden to place a Sefer Torah on the ground.[7]
  5. It is forbidden to sit on the same area where a Sefer Torah is placed.[8] If the Sefer Torah is raised a tefach according to the basic halacha it is permitted to sit on that same area. However, a pious practice would require the Sefer Torah to be raised 3 or 10 tefachim.[9]
  6. A person shouldn't put a Sefer Torah on his lap and rest his elbows on it.[10]
  7. It is forbidden to place a Neviim or Ketuvim on top of a Sefer Torah. Moreover a chumash may not be placed on top of a Sefer Torah[11]. However, Neviim can be placed on top of Ketuvim or vice versa.[12]

Inappropriate Behavior in Front of Sefer Torah

  1. It is permitted for a rabbi to give a drasha in front of the Aron with a Sefer Torah inside even though his back is to the Sefer Torah.[13]
  2. It is forbidden to spit in front of a Sefer Torah.[14]
  3. It is forbidden to undress in front of a Sefer torah.[15]

Transporting a Sefer Torah

  1. It is forbidden to bring a Sefer Torah into a bathroom, bathhouse, or cemetery even if it is in its case.[16]
  2. It is forbidden to carry a Sefer Torah on one's head as though it was a burden or behind one's back unless it is raised 10 tefachim.[17]
  3. It is forbidden to throw a Sefer Torah.[18]

Touching the Klaf

  1. It is forbidden to hold the klaf of a Sefer Torah without a cloth or Tallit intervening.[19]

Standing for the Sefer Torah

  1. One must stand for a sefer torah when it is being carried around out of respect for it. [20]
  2. If the aron kodesh is open and the sefer torah inside is at rest, some poskim say that one must still stand up. [21] Others are lenient. [22]
  3. There is a discussion in the poskim if one must stand for a pasul sefer torah. [23]

Disposing of a Sefer Torah

  1. A worn out Sefer Torah must be placed in an earthenware container and buried near a Talmid Chacham.[24]
  2. It is forbidden to burn a Sefer Torah or any holy Sefer even if it is worn out.[25]
  3. The crowns on a Sefer Torah are considered items that service kedusha (Tashmishei Kedusha) and may not be sold for mundane use but can sold to purchase a Sefer Torah.[26]

Sources

  1. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:1
  2. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:1
  3. ↑ Kenaf Rananah OC 6, Minchat Yitzchak 2:117 based on Rama YD 299:6 and Shach 299:9 regarding having a mezuzah leaning.
  4. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 299:6 rules that a mezuzah should be placed standing straight up. Yalkut Yosef YD 285:70 writes that this the minhag of Sephardim and the same is true for leaving a Sefer Torah in the Aron that it should be standing. Also, Yalkut Yosef 141:3 writes that when the Sefer Torah is read on the Bimah it should also be standing.
  5. ↑ Minchat Yitzchak 2:117
  6. ↑ Rama 282:5
  7. ↑ Rama 282:7
  8. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:7
  9. ↑ Shach 282:8
  10. ↑ Rama YD 282:7
  11. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:19
  12. ↑ Rama YD 282:19
  13. ↑ Taz 282:1 explains that it is permitted for a rabbi to give a drasha with his back to the Sefer Torah since it is in another domain. The Avodat Shlomo 282:1 quotes the Bnei Yonah who says that this leniency only applies to a drasha but not a mundane purpose.
  14. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:1
  15. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:1
  16. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:4
  17. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:1
  18. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:5
  19. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:4
  20. ↑ Rambam Tefillin Mezuza and Sefer Torah 10:9, Sh"t Rashba 3:281, Shulchan Aruch YD 282:2, Gemara Kiddushin 33b says that just as one must stand for a talmid chacham, one certainly must stand for a sefer torah.
  21. ↑ Sh"t Chatam Sofer CM 73
  22. ↑ Iggerot Moshe 5:38:4. Taz YD 242:13 writes that if the torah is in the aron kodesh or on the bimah, it is in a different reshut and one doesn't need to stand
  23. ↑ While Aruch Hashulchan YD 282:4 is lenient, Noda Biyehuda YD 71 (quoted in Piskei Teshuvot 146) is strict. Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Dirshu Mishna Brura 146:note 19) says that there is no obligation to stand but the minhag is to stand.
  24. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:10
  25. ↑ Pitchei Teshuva 282:6
  26. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 282:16
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