Pat Akum

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  1. It is forbidden to eat bread baked by a non-Jew. [1]
  2. If there is no bread baked by a Jew available, then one can be lenient to eat bread baked by a non-Jewish baker. This is true even if there is bread baked a Jew available but it is of lesser quality. [2]
  3. Bread baked by a non-Jewish baker according to Ashkenazim is permitted.[3]

What is Included?

Bread made in a Factory

  1. Since there is no risk of intermarriage if the bread is baked in a factory, some poskim are lenient to allow eating such bread. [4] Others are more stringent. [5]

Bread not Fit for a King

  1. There is a machloket if the leniency of "not fit for a king's table" which applies to foods cooked by a non-Jew applies to bread baked by a non-Jew as well. [6]

Bagels

  1. Bagels are included in this prohibition and not in the prohibition of food cooked by a non-Jew because even though they are boiled before being baked, they are not made edible by the boiling. [7]

Aseret Yimei Teshuva

  1. Even one who isn't strict regarding bread baked by a non-Jew (Pat Akum) during the rest of the year should be strict about Pat Akum even bread baked by a baker during Aseret Yemei Teshuva. [8]

Links

Sources

  1. ↑ S"A YD 112:1. This is based on the Mishna in Avoda Zara 35b. The Gemara 35b explains that the prohibition was instituted in order to prevent intermarriage.
    There is a discussion in the Gemara 35b whether this decree was rescinded, as it records that it was for oil. Tosafot 35b "michlal" quotes an opinion in Yerushalmi Avoda Zara 2:8 that this decree was rescinded because it was too difficult for everyone to abidy by. The Yerushalami also records an opinion that this decree was only rescinded for bread baked in a bakery (pat paltar) but not baked pirvately. However, Rambam Hilchot Maachalot Asurot 17:9, 12 and Shulchan Aruch YD 112:1-2 hold that this decree is still in full force.
  2. ↑ S"A YD 112:5 based on Rashba Torat HaBayit HeAroch 3:7, Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33
  3. ↑ Rama YD 112:2 based on Tosafot Avoda Zara 35b "michlal", Chochmat Adam 65:2. Shach 112:9, rules that even Ashkenazim hould follow the opinion of Rashba and refrain from eating privately baked bread and from eating pat paltar when there is bread of a Jew available.
  4. ↑ Mesorah Journal first edition page 94 quotes rav Moshe that there is no worry of chatanut and therefore there’s no issue. SA YD 112:9 based on Tosafot Avoda zara 38b says a Jew would only need to do a little bit and they suggest in the mesorah journal that maybe the mashgiach does something, and because of the safek that maybe he is, you can be lenient
  5. ↑ Shevet halevi 6:28:6 says that the chazon ish would never allow that.
  6. ↑ Avnei nezer YD 1:92 says the leniency does apply but Chelkat Binyamin 112:12 in the biurim quotes from other achronim that suggest that it doesn’t apply.
  7. ↑ Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33
  8. ↑ S"A 603:1, Mishna Brurah 603:1, Ran Rosh HaShanah 12b, "Garsinan Bayerushalmi", Rama Torat Chatat 75:1
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