Barech Aleinu

From Halachipedia

When to say it

  1. During the winter one must say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim (Brachenu / Barech Aleinu). For this halacha the beginning of the winter is considered in Israel from the seventh of Cheshvan and in the dispora from December 4th (and December 5th the year before a leap year, such as 2015). The end of the winter is Mincha of Erev Pesach and after that we stop saying VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha in Birkat HaShanim. [1]

During the summer

  1. During the summer one should not add in the request for rain (Ten Tal UMatar LeBracha) and if one did then one must repeat Shemoneh Esrei. [2]
  2. Outside Israel one isn't supposed to begin requesting rain until December 4th but if one did add it between the 7th of Chesvan and December 4th one should repeat Shemoneh Esrei with a stipulation that it should be a voluntary prayer. [3]

If one made a mistake during the winter

  1. If one forgot to say VeTen Tal UMatar in Barech Alenu,
  • if one remembers before saying Baruch Atta Hashem at the end of the bracha, one should go back to the VeTen Tal Umatar and continue from there. [4]
  • if one remembers after saying Hashem's name in Barech Alenu, one should finish the bracha Mivarech HaShanim and not conclude with Lamdeni Chukecha. [5]
  • if one remembers after saying the bracha of Mevarech HaShanim, one shouldn't say VeTen Tal UMatar Libracha right there unless one is likely to forget to say it in Shama Kolenu in which case one should say it right after Mevarech HaShanim. [6]
  • if one remembers during Shema Kolenu, one should say it before the words Ki Atta Shomea [7]
  • if one remembers after saying Hashem's name of Shomea Tefillah, one should say Lamdeni Chukecha and return to Veten Tal prior to Ki Atta. [8]
  • If one remembered after Shoma Tefillah before Retzeh one may say VeTen Tal UMatar Libracha right there. [9]
  • if one remembered after beginning Retzay prior to saying Yeheyu LeRatzon after Elokay Netsor one should return to Brach Alaynu. [10]
  • if one finished Yeheyu LeRatzon one should repeat Shemoneh Esrei. [11]

Unsure if one forgot Ten Tal

  1. If one is unsure whether one said VeTen Tal Umatar or not, if it's within 30 days, we assume one didn't say VeTen tal and so one has to repeat, however, after 30 days, one doesn't repeat. [12]
  2. If one said the line "VeEt Kol Minei Tevuata Litova VeTen Tal UMatar Livbracha" 90 times one is assumed to have said VeTen Tal if one is unsure whether one said it or not. Some say that one should say continue "Al Peni HaAdama". Some say one should repeat the line 101 times, but after the fact 90 time is sufficient. [13]
  3. Some say it's not proper to say this line 90 times because it puts oneself into a dispute, however, if one regularly is unsure whether one say Veten tal or not, one should say this line 90 times. [14]
  4. If one is sure that one had in mind to say the addition or change to Shemoneh Esrei before starting Shemoneh Esrei and also during Shemoneh Esrei, and then after one completed Shemoneh Esrei one is uncertain whether one said it, one shouldn't repeat Shemoneh Esrei. However, if one became uncertain during Shemoneh Esrei, one should assume one didn't say it and return. [15]
  5. If one is sure that one had in mind to say the addition or change to Shemoneh Esrei before starting Shemoneh Esrei but isn't certain that one remembered during Shemoneh Esrei, if after completing Shemoneh Esrei (or before) one becomes uncertain, one must repeat. However, if one only becomes uncertain a while after Shemoneh Esrei (after starting other prayers), one doesn't have to repeat. [16]
  6. However, if a person knows that he losses his thoughts in Shemoneh Esrei and could forget to say it even if one remembered a moment earlier, some authorities hold one should always return (in cases of doubt) unless one is nearly certain that one said it. [17]

If one made a mistake during the summer

  1. In the summer if one mistakenly said VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha and one remembered before Shomeh Tefillah one should say it in Shomeh Tefillah. If one remembered after Shomeh Tefillah one should return to Birkat HaShanim and continue from there. If one remembered after Shomeh Tefilah before beginning Retzeh one may say VeTen Tal UMatar Lebracha right there and continue with Retzeh. If one finished Shemoneh Esrei then one must repeat Shemoneh Esrei. [18]

Someone visiting Israel

  1. A person who lives outside Isreali who is visiting Israel after the 7th of Cheshvan before December 4th, according to Sephardim, he should say Barech Aleinu (not Barchenu) while he is in Israel. However, according to Ashkenazim, many opinions hold that if one will be in Israel during that entire period (from the 7th of Cheshvan until December 4th) one should say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim, however, if one would not be there for that amount of time one should say it in Shomea Tefillah. [19]
  2. If a visitor from outside Israel (who will be there from 7th of Chesvan until Dec 4th) forgets to say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim between the 7th of Cheshvan and Dec 4th, one should repeat Shemoneh Esrei. [20]

Sources

  1. ↑ S”A 117:1
  2. ↑ S"A 117:3
  3. ↑ Mishna Brurah 117:13
  4. ↑ Mishna brurah 117:15
  5. ↑ Sh"t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:58, Ashel Avraham 117 s.v. Achar, Piskei Teshuvot 117:4
  6. ↑ Mishna Brurah 117:15 rules that it's better not to say Veten Tal right after Mevarech HaShanim since one can still say it in Shema Kolenu. However, writes Sh"t Or Letzion 2:7:32, if one's likely to forget to say in Shema Kolenu, one should say Veten Tal right after Shema Kolenu. So rules Orach Neeman 117:11, Sh"t Teshuvot VeHanhangot 2:58, and Piskei Teshuvot 117:6.
  7. ↑ Mishna Brurah 117:16, Piskei Teshuvot 117:6
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 117:19, 114:32, Piskei Teshuvot 117:6
  9. ↑ S"A 114:5
  10. ↑ S"A 117:5, Mishna Brurah 117:18
  11. ↑ S"A 117:5, Mishna Brurah 117:18
  12. ↑ S"A 114:8 regarding Mashiv HaRuach. Mishna Brurah 114:37 writes that regarding VeTen Tal there's not 90 davenings in 30 days (because of Shabbat and Yom Tov), there's a dispute whether 30 days is sufficient and concludes that we hold leniently that after 30 days it's assumed that one says it correctly. Halacha Berura 114:14 disagrees and says that if one is unsure whether or not he said it during this period that is after 30 days, but 90 prayers haven't been recited, he should repeat the shemoneh esrei but to avoid any concern, should stipulate that if he is obligated to repeat then he is repeating but if not it should be considered a voluntary prayer.
  13. ↑ S"A 114:9 regarding Mashiv HaRuach writes that if one says the line in davening 90 times one is assumed to say it correctly. Mishna Brurah 114:40 writes that one should say from VeEt Kol Minei but leaves out Al Peni HaAdama, while Piskei Teshuvot 114:15 quotes Shulchan Shlomo who says to say it. Mishna Brurah 114:41 quotes the Chatom Sofer who says that the line should be said 101 times but the Mishna brurah concludes the after the fact one wouldn't repeat Shemoneh Esrei against the simple ruling of S"A.
  14. ↑ Even though the Buir Halacha 114 D"h Im Bayom, quotes the Gra and Taz who disagree with S"A here and hold that one always needs 30 days, the Buir Halacha concludes that almost all achronim hold like S"A. Nonetheless, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 8:26) writes that it's not proper to do this advise because it puts oneself into a dispute. For someone who commonly is unsure, the Piskei Teshuvot 114:15 quotes the Birchat HaBayit, who says that for someone who commonly is unsure who should follow this advise and has the S"A to rely on.
  15. ↑ Mishna Brurah 114:38, Piskei Teshuvot 114:14
  16. ↑ Mishna Brurah 114:38, Piskei Teshuvot 114:14
  17. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 114:14 rules like the Veyaan Yosef 52, even though Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 8:163 argues that it regarding all people we use the rules of the achronim.
  18. ↑ S”A 117:3, 5
  19. ↑ Regarding an American in Israel, the Pri Chadash and Pri Megadim hold that if one plans on going back to America within a year, one should start Ten Tal from when they start in America. However, if one plans on going back to America after a year, one should start Ten Tal when Israel begins asking for rain. On the other hand, the Birkei Yosef holds that one should always make the Bracha according to the place one is presently in. The Mishna Brurah 117:5 brings both opinions and doesn’t rule on this issue but implies that he sides with the Pri Megadim.
    • While an American is in Israel, many poskim hold like the Birkei Yosef that one should say the Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim. These poskim include: Sh”t Yacheve Daat 1:73 (also paskened in Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah vol 2 pg 99) and Halacha Brurah 117:9), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 10:9, Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 194, 200), Sh”t Mishneh halachot 5:28, and Piskei Teshuvot 117:3. [See also Sh”t Divrei Yetsiv, Sh”t Besel Chachma 1:62, Mara DeShmata #34, Sh”t Kaneh Bossem 1:10, Sh”t Birur Halacha 117].
    • On the other hand, some hold that in order to say Ten Tal UMatar in Birkat HaShanim one has to be in Israel for the season of rain from 7 Cheshvan until dec 4 when they start asking for rain in America, however, if one will not be there for that period of time one should only say it in Shomea Tefillah. These opinions include: Sh”t Bear Moshe (vol 7 pg 202 in name of his brother), Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:55, Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 8:21), Ishei Yisrael 23:37, Yom Tov Sheni Kehilchato (10:7) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Elyashiv, and Shegiyot Mi Yavin 13:40 in name of Rav Elyashiv.
    • Thirdly, some hold that only if one will in Israel from 7 Chevan until Pesach when we stop asking for rain, then one should say Ten Tal in Birkat HaShanim, otherwise one should say it in Shomea Tefillah. So holds Sh”t Mishna Shlomo, Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe 1:102 (quoted by Piskei Teshuvot 177:3).
    • Lastly, some write that an American in Israel should in general say it in Shomea Tefillah. This includes the Rav Pinchas Sheinburg (A Teshuva in back of Sefer Chovot Yair) in name of the Steipler (also brought in Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 6:433(3)) and Tefillah KeHilchata 12:48 in name of Rav Elyashiv (the Shigyot Mi Yavin asks on this). [Seemingly, this opinion only holds this when an American is there for less than a year.]
  20. ↑ Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 6:45(2) quoting Yashiv Moshe in name of Rav Elyashiv writes that one should repeat Shemoneh Esrei under all circumstances. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 8:21 in the note), sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:55 (dini ben chul#1), Yom Tov Sheni Kehilchato 10:7 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Shigiyot Mi Yavin (13:40) rule that one should only repeat Shemoneh Esrei if one will be there from 7th of Cheshvan until Dec 4th. However, if one will not be there from Cheshvan 7 until Dec 4th, one doesn’t need to repeat Shemoneh Esrei. So writes all the above sources, and Yom Tov Sheni Kehilchato 10:7 quotes Rav Elyashiv who adds that it’s proper to repeat Shemoneh Esrei on condition that it’s a voluntary Tefillah if one isn’t obligated.
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