Yom Kippur

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Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur

  1. After Shemoneh Esrei of Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur one should say Vidduy as printed in the machzor (siddur) before Elokai Netsor and according Sephardim after Yehiyu LeRatzon and before Elokai Netsor. [1]
  2. The Sephardic minhag is to say Avinu Malkenu at Mincha before Yom Kippur. [2]

Hadlakat Nerot of Yom Kippur

  1. The minhag is to light candles on Erev Yom Kippur with a bracha. [3]
  2. If a woman only says the bracha of Hadlakat Nerot, under extenuating circumstances a woman may have intention not to accept upon herself Yom Kippur with her lighting of the candles and then she would be allowed to go to shul by car after having lit candles. However, if she is not going to accept upon herself Yom Kippur, then she may not say the Shehechiyanu bracha because once she says the bracha of Shehechiyanu she has automatically accepted upon herself Yom Kippur and she may not then ride in a car to shul or the like. [4]

The mitzvah of accepting Yom Kippur early

  1. It is a mitzvah to accept Yom Kippur early in order to add from the week onto Yom Kippur. [5]
  2. It's sufficient to add any amount of time before sunset. However, it's praiseworthy to add 20 or 30 minutes before sunset. (See footnote for background) [6]
  3. Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. [7]

Nighttime prayers of Yom Kippur

  1. If a congregation didn’t say Kol Nidrei until after nightfall of Yom Kippur the congregation may say it. [8]

Yom Kippur morning prayers

  1. According to some poskim, the beracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on Yom Kippur. [9] Others disagree. [10]
  2. It’s preferable to minimize in piyutim and selichot in order to start Mussaf before six and half hours. [11] However, if one did wait until after six and a half hours one should say Mussaf first and then Mincha unless nine and a half hours passed in which case Mincha should go first. [12]
  3. Some have the minhag to add Piyutim even during the Brachot Kriyat Shema, however, it’s preferable not to add Piyutim there. [13]
  4. The Minhag is to add Piyutim which are relevant to the purpose of the day. However, one shouldn’t add so many not to delay saying Shema in its proper time. [14]
  5. There’s different minhag as whether to say the first פסוק of Mizmor Shel Yom HaShabbat on Yom Tov and Yom Kippur. [15]
  6. A Talmid Chacham should not separate himself to learn Torah while the congregation is praying or saying selichot. [16]
  7. It’s preferable to say less Piyutim slowly instead of saying many Piyutim quickly. [17]
  8. One should sure to say at least ten Vidduy’s (confessions) on Yom Kippur. [18]The Minhag is to count one from Mincha of Erev Yom Kippur, one from Arvit of the night, four from the four prayers during the day and four from the four Chazarat HaShatz’s. [19]

Making one hundred Brachot

  1. It’s a mitzvah to smell Besamim (nice smelling spices) and make the Bracha on them in order to get 100 Brachot on Yom Kippur. One may make this Bracha several times in the day as long as one had an interruption of thought. [20]
  2. On Yom Kippur even though one can't make a hundred brachot by himself, it's preferable to have in mind to listen to the brachot made during the chazara of the shaliach tzibbur. Some suggest that there's no obligation to get to a hundred brachot on Yom Kippur. [21]
  3. For other details about making one hundred Brachot on Yom Kippur, see the Making one hundred Brachot daily page.

Prohibitions of Yom Kippur

  1. It's forbidden to do any Melacha (lit. work) on Yom Kippur which would be forbidden to do on Shabbat. [22]
  2. Muktzeh (moving certain objects) is prohibited on Yom Kippur to the same extent that on Shabbat Muktzeh is forbidden and not to the same extent it is prohibited on Yom Tov. [23]
  3. One should not prepare food on Yom Kippur for after Yom Kippur. [24]

Eating on Yom Kippur

  1. It is absolutely forbidden to eat or drink any amount of food on Yom Kippur. [25]
  2. Everyone is obligated to fast on Yom Kippur including women who are pregnant or nursing (there is a serious medical concern one should consult one’s Rabbi). [26]
  3. It is permissible to swallow one’s saliva on Yom Kippur. [27]
  4. Someone for whom fasting Yom Kippur involves a serious health concern absolutely must ask a doctor and Rabbi whether he/she should eat on Yom Kippur. If the doctor (and Rabbi) ascertain that a person shouldn’t fast then that person should not fast even if he thinks he doesn’t need to eat. In such a case, one may not be strict upon oneself to fast as we are commanded to live by the Torah and not die by it (Chas VeShalom) and all the ways of the Torah are kind and pleasant. [28]
  5. In cases when one needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) one should eat less than a 2/3 of a KeBaytzah and then wait Kedi Achilat Pras (according to some this is 9 minutes) before eating again, and for drinks less than a Meloh Lugmav and wait Kedi Achilat Pras or at least Kedi Shtiyat Revi'it before drinking again. If the doctors assess that this is insufficient (after consultation with the doctor and Rabbi) one may eat as much as needed. [29]
  6. A person who is a Choleh SheEin Bo skana is permissible to take medicine on Yom Kippur if it doesn’t have a good taste. If one needs to have it with liquid one should have mouthwash. [30]
  7. Someone who needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) doesn’t need to make Kiddish. [31]
  8. Someone who is suffering from a bad headache may swallow an Asprin capsule alone. [32]
  9. One who has a throat infection, a fever, or a headache may drink a quantity of water that is "less than the permitted amount" (2 ounces). [33]
  10. A person with diarrhea's condition may be such that he must drink on Yom Kippur. [34]
  11. If there is no doctor available to determine the medical situation, one with hepatitis may drink "less than the permitted amount" on Yom Kippur. [35]
  12. Some cancer patients are prohibited to fast on Yom Kippur, while others, who are authorized by a doctor, are permitted to fast. [36]
  13. Some weak, elderly people are prohibited to fast on Yom Kippur. [37]
  14. A pregnant woman who is suffering from bleeding must drink on Yom Kippur. [38]

Surgery before Yom Kippur

  1. One must postpone a non-emergency surgery until after Yom Kippur in order to be able to fast on Yom Kippur. [39]

Washing on Yom Kippur

  1. It’s forbidden to wash oneself in hot or cold water and even to stick one’s finger in water on Yom Kippur is forbidden. [40]
  2. If one got dirty it’s permitted to wash that area in order to remove dirt from one’s body. [41]
  3. Upon waking up for Netilat Yadayim one should wash one’s hands three times only up to the knuckles. [42]
  4. If one goes to the bathroom one is allowed to wash one’s hands three times up to the end of the fingers (by the knuckles) [43]
  5. If one walked into a bathroom but didn’t go and didn’t touch a private place one should not wash one’s hand but rather rub them on the wall or something similar unless it bothers his intent in prayers. However, someone wants to wash one’s hands has what to rely on. [44]
  6. Cohanim who are going to do Birkat Cohanim should wash their hands until the end of the hand. [45]However, some say that that the practice is that a cohen just washes until the knuckles. [46]
  7. One may not wash one’s face upon waking up, however, if one’s face became dirty or if there’s guk around one’s eyes one may wet one’s finger and clean in the area which became dirty. [47]
  8. There’s no obligation to wash one’s hand prior to praying unlike the rest of the year. [48]
  9. A bride for the first thirty days after her wedding may wash her face. [49]

Anointing on Yom Kippur

  1. It is forbidden to anoint even a part of one’s body with oil or ointment even if one is only doing so just to remove a bad smell. [50]
  2. It is forbidden to spray oneself with deodorant on Yom Kippur. [51]

Wearing leather shoes

  1. It’s forbidden to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur. [52]
  2. According to some poskim, the beracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on Yom Kippur and Tisha BeAv. [53] Others disagree. [54]
  3. Some say that one shouldn't wear shoes which have a raised heel so that one feels the roughness of the ground.[55]

Neilah

  1. The Chazzan should make sure to finish Birchat Cohanim before sunset, however, after the fact it can be made with a bracha even after sunset as long as it's Bein HaShemashot and not certain night. [56]
  2. The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. [57]
  3. Before neilah, the congregation should recitethe piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the prayer of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi Kaddish should be recited. [58]
  4. Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. [59]
  5. If one mistakenly said "Kotvenu" instead of the proper nusach of "Chotmenu" during neilah one need not go back and repeat. [60]
  6. The Keter Kedusha is recited in Neilah, just like in Mussaf. [61]
  7. The congregation should continue to recite selichot until 20 minutes after sunset and then blow the shofar so that there is no concern that people will eat immediately afterwards because they think that Yom Kippur has already ended. [62]

Havdalah

  1. For sephardim, there is no Besamim bracha in the Havdalah even if Yom Kippur falls out on Motzei Shabbat. [63] Nevertheless, it is proper that after drinking from the wine of havdala that the beracha on besamim should be said and then smell the besamim. [64]
  2. For havdala after Yom Kippur only a candle that was lit from before Yom kippur should be used, and not one that is lit after Yom kippur specifically for havdala. If there is no candle that was lit from before, the beracha should not be recited. [65] However, if Motzaei Yom Kippur falls out on Motzaei Shabbat, you can still recite the beracha on a candle that was lit that night if you don't have one lit from before Yom Kippur. [66]
  3. One should not eat before Havdala. However, if someone is very thirsty, they may drink some water. [67]

Sources

  1. ↑ S"A 607:1, Mishna Brurah 607:2, Yalkut Yosef 607:1
  2. ↑ Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 453, #44). Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 75.
  3. ↑ S"A 610:1 writes that in places where there's a minhag to light candles on Erev Yom Kippur, one should do so, and in places where the minhag is not to light candles on Erev Yom Kippur one should also follow that practice. S"A 610:2 writes that there is an opinion that says one should make a bracha upon lighting candles on Erev Yom Kippur. The Rama 610:2 and Yalkut Yosef 610:1 write that the widespread minhag in Klal Yisrael is to light candles on Erev Yom Kippur with a bracha.
  4. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter in Nefesh HaRav (p. 210). Rabbi Hershel Schachter also explained this in a [shiur on Inyonei Yom Kippur (min 50-5). This is based on the Gemara in Eiruvin 40b which writes that once one said the Shehechiyanu bracha for Yom Kippur one has automatically accepted Yom Kippur.
  5. ↑ Gemara Rosh Hashana 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto Yom Kippur called Tosefet Yom Kippur. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). S"A 263:2 brings this as halacha.
  6. ↑
    • S"A 271:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to Shabbat to fulfill Tosefet Shabbat. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset Shabbat. Yalkut Yosef 608:2 rules like S"A.
    • Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting Shabbat early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a mil (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset Shabbat (adding onto Shabbat) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does Shabbat start?]].Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like S"A but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy.
  7. ↑ S"A 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2
  8. ↑ Rav Avigdor Neventzal in BeYitzchak Yikare on S”A 306:12 because it’s a need for the congregation even though one usually can’t do Hatarat Nedarim on Shabbat (S”A 341:1).
  9. ↑ Ben Ish Chai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17
  10. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320),
  11. ↑ S”A 620:1 writes one should minimize piyutim and selichot in order to finish Mussaf by the end of the seventh hour. Even though some achronim explain S”A simply that one should start Mussaf by the beginning of the seventh hour (midday), many achronim say that the term S”A used wasn’t precise and really he means the time of Mincha which is six and a half hours. That is the opinion of Mishna Brurah 620:2 and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 104). Mishna Brurah 620:1 says that if it is the end of the sixth hour one may skip Avinu Malkenu in order to say Mussaf by the end of the seventh hour.
  12. ↑ Mishna Brurah 620:2 rules like the opinion of the Ri quoted by S”A 286:4 (see Mussaf page for lengthy explanation).
  13. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 620:1
  14. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 620:1
  15. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 620:2
  16. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 620:3
  17. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 620:4
  18. ↑ Mishna Brurah 620:3
  19. ↑ See Kaf HaChaim 620:5
  20. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 283)
  21. ↑ Rav Chizkiyah Dachvash (author of Shtilei Zaytim) in HaMeor (Vol. 61 No. 4 Sivan 5768 pg. 29) suggests from the language of the Rambam that there's no obligation on Yom Kippur. However, Mishna Brurah 46:14 (quoted by Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 19:11:3:9) writes that on Yom Kippur one should have intent to fulfill this mitzvah from the brachot on the Torah reading and repetition of Shemoneh Esrei.
  22. ↑ S"A 611:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 282)
  23. ↑ S"A 611:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 282)
  24. ↑ S”A 611:2
  25. ↑ S”A 216:5
  26. ↑ Halichot Shlomo (pg 80), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 287)
  27. ↑ Mishna Brurah 567:13, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 310)
  28. ↑ S”A 618:1, Mishna Brurah 618:5, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 287-9)
  29. ↑ S”A 618:7-8, Mishna Brurah 618:21
  30. ↑ Rav Schachter in Halachos of Yamim Noraim (min 5-7)
  31. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 307)
  32. ↑ Rivevot Efraim 6:320. http://www.aish.com/h/hh/yk/guide/Fasting_on_Yom_Kippur.html permits taking any bitter medicine.
  33. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 64
  34. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 64
  35. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 68
  36. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 74
  37. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 76
  38. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 81
  39. ↑ Shabbat Shabbaton, 43
  40. ↑ S”A 611:1, 613:1
  41. ↑ S”A 613:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 311)
  42. ↑ S”A 613:2 writes that since washing not for pleasure isn’t forbidden it’s permissible to wash one’s hand upon waking up for Netilat Yadayim. Mishna Brurah 613:3 writes that one may wash one’s hands three times as usual. Nitei Gavriel 43:2 says that those who have the practice to wash four time may do even on Yom Kippur.
  43. ↑ Nitei Gavriel 43:11, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 613:2), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 310) based on S”A 613:3
  44. ↑ Nitei Gavriel 43:10
  45. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 312)
  46. ↑ Nitei Gavriel 43:8
  47. ↑ Nitei Gavriel 43:3-4 based on Mishna Brurah 613:9
  48. ↑ Mishna Brurah 613:5
  49. ↑ S”A 613:10, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 312)
  50. ↑ S”A 614:1, Mishna Brurah 614:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313). Nitei Gavriel 46:5 writes that this prohibition applies equally to women as men and references Minchat Chinuch 313.
  51. ↑ Nitei Gavriel 46:2 and Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org write that it is forbidden to use deodorant on Yom Kippur. Rabbi Yissachar Krakowski on yeshivaworld.com writes that while some are lenient regarding aerosol deodorant one should avoid it by applying a thick layer on Erev Yom Kippur.
  52. ↑ S"A 614:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313)
  53. ↑ Ben Ish Hai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17
  54. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320)
  55. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on Inyonei Yom Kippur (min 47-8) quotes Rav Soloveitchik as saying that one shouldn't wear shoes which have raised heels so that one feels the roughness of the ground. He based this on the Rambam Shivitat Asor 3:7 who writes that one may wear cloth (non-leather) shoes because one feels the roughness of the ground, implying that non-leather shoes are only permitted if one still feels the roughness of the ground. This is also recorded in Nefesh HaRav (p. 110).
  56. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112)
  57. ↑ Darchei Moshe 623:2, Chemdat Yamim, page 98
  58. ↑ Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369
  59. ↑ Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112
  60. ↑ Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113
  61. ↑ Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113
  62. ↑ Chazon Ovadia, Yamim Noraim, page 376
  63. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 624:3, Rambam Shabbat 29:28, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 384)
  64. ↑ Sh"t Yabia Omer 10: footnotes to Rav Pealim 3:38
  65. ↑ Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 378
  66. ↑ Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 378
  67. ↑ Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 387, Shoel U'Meishiv 1:129
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