Kiddush

From Halachipedia

Obligation

  1. According to some Rishonim, Kiddish is a biblical command as it says "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" meaning "remember Shabbat to sanctify it" and one fulfills it by saying the text of Kiddish on Friday night. [1] In addition, Chazal instituted that Kiddish be made over a cup of wine. [2]

Kiddish at night

  1. The text of Kiddish includes Yom HaShishi, which are pesukim describing Shabbat, and two Brachot, Borei Peri HaGafen, and Mekadesh HaShabbat. [3]

Kiddish during the day

  1. The text of Kiddish during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. [4]
  2. It's forbidden to taste anything before Kiddish. [5]
  3. It's permissible to drink water before Shacharit on Shabbat day since the obligation of Kiddish doesn't apply until one prayed. [6]

Timing

  1. Ideally, one should say Kiddush as soon as one gets home from Shul on Friday night.[7]
  1. If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during Shabbat day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on Shabbat day. [8]

Women

  • The Mitzvah of Kiddush is exceptional in that women are obligated even though it is a Mitzvat Aseh She’Hazman Grama, based on a Talmudic derivation that since women are obligated by the prohibitions of Shabbat, they are also obligated in the positive commandments of the day.[9]

Sources

  1. ↑ Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:1) writes that there's a positive biblical commandment to remember Shabbat based on the pasuk "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" (Shemot 20:7). In 29:4 he writes that the primary time for the mitzvah is Friday night. However, Tosfot Nazir 4a (D"H May Hei) says that there's the mitzvah of Kiddish is Derabbanan and the pasuk of Zachor is only an asmachta.
  2. ↑ Pesachim 106a states that the Kiddish is supposed to be said over a cup of wine. Tosfot 106a (D"H Zochrayhu; first opinion) and Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:6) write that the cup of wine is Derabbanan. Tosfot's second opinion holds that having a cup of wine there is Deorittah but drinking it is Derabbanan.
  3. ↑ Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:2) writes the text of the Mekash HaShabbat bracha and the Bracha on wine is also essential as the Rabbis instituted that the Kiddish be made over a cup of wine.
  4. ↑ Pesachim 106a writes that the primary Kiddish is at night but there's also a Kiddish of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of Kiddish during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a Kiddish is just Borei Pri HaGefen. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule this as halacha.
  5. ↑ Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make Kiddish it's forbidden to eat anything before Kiddish just like the Kiddish of Friday night.
  6. ↑ Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and S"A 289:1
  7. ↑ Pesachim 106a learns that the primary way to do Kiddish, a remembrance of Shabbat is with wine on Friday night because that's the beginning of the day (in the Jewish calendar). Shulchan Aruch, O”C 271:1
  8. ↑ The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying Kiddish on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of Shabbat. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit, 19) and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam.
  9. ↑ Berachot 20B
Retrieved from "http://localhost:80/index.php?title=Kiddush&oldid=456"