Koshair: Difference between revisions

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Koshair (Tying) and Matir (untying)
== The Basics of Koshair ==
# The Melacha of Koshair is the binding two pliable items by intertwining them such as through a firm knot or twining threads into rope. <Ref> Mishna Brurah(317:34) quotes the Rambam </ref> Tightening a knot forbidden to tie is also forbidden. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Ke’hilchata 15:50, Az Nidabru 3:22, Bier Moshe 6:3 </ref>
# A knot that’s forbidden on a Torah level is one that is both Kesher Uman (craftsmen’s knot, i.e. one that requires some degree of skill) and Kesher Shel Kayama(a knot that’s meant to be permanent). <Ref> Shulchan Aruch (317:1) in the opinion of the Rambam and Rif </ref>
#A knot that is only Kesher Uman or Kesher Shel Kayama is forbidden on a Rabbinic level. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch (317:1) according to the Rambam and Rif </ref> Some hold that a knot with either requirement is also Biblical prohibited. <Ref> The Rama (317:1) quotes the opinion of Rashi and Rosh, thus Ashkenazim should adopt the stringency of both Rambam and Rashi that a knot with either Uman or Kayama should be treated as a Biblical Knot.  </ref>
#A knot that’s neither Kesher Uman nor Kersher Shel Kayama is permitted. A not tight knot and one that doesn’t last for more than 24 hours is permissible. <Ref> The Rama (ibid.) quotes Tur and Mordechai; Mishna Brurah (317:6) explains it as anything less than 24 hours. </ref>  Some authorities permit even up to 7 days. <Ref> Rama also quotes Kol Bo and Hagot Maymoniyot. Yalkut Yosef (317:6) holds that the second opinion is primary. </ref>
#Even if you personally intend to leave it less than 24 hours, if it’s a knot sometimes left permanently by people it’s forbidden Rabbinically to prevent confusion between temporary and permanent knots. <Ref> Magan Avraham (317:20), Kol Sinai Koshair 3 </ref>
==Untying==
# Any knot that’s permitted to tie is permitted to untie. <Ref> Rama 317:1 </ref>
== A bow==
# A bow-knot, slipknot, or a single-knot isn’t a true Kesher-bind and is permissible even if it does remain in place for a while. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch (317:5) and implied by Rama (317:1), brought by the Yalkut Yosef (317:11) </ref> For example: a ribbon on a gift, a single bind on a shopping bag or garbage liner.
# An adjustable loop necktie that can be undone by pulling is permissible if one intends to take it out within 24 hours. Some permit even if the tie isn’t usually undone after wearing. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata(15:58), Rabbi Reuven Feinstein in name of his father Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
== A bow on top of a single knot==
# Tying your shoes or a decorative ribbon on a blouse with a bow-knot on top of a single knot (initial winding) is permissible if it’s meant to be untied within 24 hours. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch (317:5) rules that a bow-knot isn’t a Kesher, on this the Rama adds that a bow on a single knot is permissible. The Mishna Brurah (317:29) qualifies this that it’s only where the single knot isn’t meant to last (more than 24 hours). However the Yalkut Yosef(317:11), Az Nidabru 6:22, Kol Sinai Koshair 5 rule that some permit even if the single knot is meant to last but says it preferable to be stringent if the knot is meant to last 7 days. </ref>
# Someone doing the wrapping of an Ashkenaz Sefer Torah and has to tie a sash around the Torah, it’s permissible to tie a bow on top of a single knot. If the sash is long enough that it’ll be tight if you just do a single knot and then wrap it around and tuck in the end, it’s preferable. <Ref> Tzitz Eliezer 7:29, Shalmat Chaim 185, Beir Moshe 6:55.  </ref>
== Double knots==
# A tight double knot or a single knot with one string onto itself is forbidden because we no longer know how to distinguish Kesher Uman from ordinary tight knots. <Ref> Rama (317:1) in the name of the Hagot Alfasi about a double knot and the Smag concerning a single knot with one string.  </ref> Some even permit a double knot if it’s not meant to last. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (317:8) says that some disagree and permit even a double knot as long as it’s not Kesher Shel Kayama according to the Rosh (only Kayama is a factor, not Uman) and concludes the Minhag is to permit and the stringent one will be blessed. But in a case of need there’s no need to be strict. </ref> For example, it’s permissible to tie a double knot for a belt (gartel) or sash (tichel) if it’s going to be untied in 24 hours since it’s not meant to be tight. <Ref> Shaarei Teshuva (317:1), Tzitz Eliezer 16:10, Menuchat Ahava 14:5 </ref> Those who are stringent will be blessed. <Ref> To be strict for the opinion of Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 8:45 and Rav Poalim O”C 2:44 </ref>
# If without intent one made a double knot when tying his shoes he can untie it. <Ref> Mishnat Halachot 3:38, Kol Sinai Koshair 3:5 </ref>
# One can untie a double knot that is made on a candy bag given out at shul for a simcha. <Ref> Toldot Yitzchak O”C 2:11 </ref>
== Fixing clothing ==
# Socks or gloves that are tied together should be detached before Shabbat, but if one forgot one should untie it but ripe it so as to destroy the string. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Kahilchata 15:63 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Az Nidabru 1:58. </ref>
# One can take out the pins put into shirts in packaging to keep it from wrinkling. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Kahilchata 15:64 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Bier Moshe 1:22. </ref>
# It’s totally permitted to thread new laces into shoes to replace old laces but it’s not permitted if the shoe was never laced. <ref> Rav Ovadya Yosef in the Haskama of Netiv Mitzvot, Mayim Chaim Meshash O”C 1:147, Bier Moshe 2:20(2),6:59, Tefilah LeMoshe 1:58. </ref>
==References==
<references/>

Revision as of 03:37, 28 March 2010

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Koshair (Tying) and Matir (untying)

The Basics of Koshair

  1. The Melacha of Koshair is the binding two pliable items by intertwining them such as through a firm knot or twining threads into rope. [1] Tightening a knot forbidden to tie is also forbidden. [2]
  2. A knot that’s forbidden on a Torah level is one that is both Kesher Uman (craftsmen’s knot, i.e. one that requires some degree of skill) and Kesher Shel Kayama(a knot that’s meant to be permanent). [3]
  3. A knot that is only Kesher Uman or Kesher Shel Kayama is forbidden on a Rabbinic level. [4] Some hold that a knot with either requirement is also Biblical prohibited. [5]
  4. A knot that’s neither Kesher Uman nor Kersher Shel Kayama is permitted. A not tight knot and one that doesn’t last for more than 24 hours is permissible. [6] Some authorities permit even up to 7 days. [7]
  5. Even if you personally intend to leave it less than 24 hours, if it’s a knot sometimes left permanently by people it’s forbidden Rabbinically to prevent confusion between temporary and permanent knots. [8]

Untying

  1. Any knot that’s permitted to tie is permitted to untie. [9]

A bow

  1. A bow-knot, slipknot, or a single-knot isn’t a true Kesher-bind and is permissible even if it does remain in place for a while. [10] For example: a ribbon on a gift, a single bind on a shopping bag or garbage liner.
  2. An adjustable loop necktie that can be undone by pulling is permissible if one intends to take it out within 24 hours. Some permit even if the tie isn’t usually undone after wearing. [11]

A bow on top of a single knot

  1. Tying your shoes or a decorative ribbon on a blouse with a bow-knot on top of a single knot (initial winding) is permissible if it’s meant to be untied within 24 hours. [12]
  2. Someone doing the wrapping of an Ashkenaz Sefer Torah and has to tie a sash around the Torah, it’s permissible to tie a bow on top of a single knot. If the sash is long enough that it’ll be tight if you just do a single knot and then wrap it around and tuck in the end, it’s preferable. [13]

Double knots

  1. A tight double knot or a single knot with one string onto itself is forbidden because we no longer know how to distinguish Kesher Uman from ordinary tight knots. [14] Some even permit a double knot if it’s not meant to last. [15] For example, it’s permissible to tie a double knot for a belt (gartel) or sash (tichel) if it’s going to be untied in 24 hours since it’s not meant to be tight. [16] Those who are stringent will be blessed. [17]
  2. If without intent one made a double knot when tying his shoes he can untie it. [18]
  3. One can untie a double knot that is made on a candy bag given out at shul for a simcha. [19]

Fixing clothing

  1. Socks or gloves that are tied together should be detached before Shabbat, but if one forgot one should untie it but ripe it so as to destroy the string. [20]
  2. One can take out the pins put into shirts in packaging to keep it from wrinkling. [21]
  3. It’s totally permitted to thread new laces into shoes to replace old laces but it’s not permitted if the shoe was never laced. [22]

References

  1. ↑ Mishna Brurah(317:34) quotes the Rambam
  2. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat Ke’hilchata 15:50, Az Nidabru 3:22, Bier Moshe 6:3
  3. ↑ Shulchan Aruch (317:1) in the opinion of the Rambam and Rif
  4. ↑ Shulchan Aruch (317:1) according to the Rambam and Rif
  5. ↑ The Rama (317:1) quotes the opinion of Rashi and Rosh, thus Ashkenazim should adopt the stringency of both Rambam and Rashi that a knot with either Uman or Kayama should be treated as a Biblical Knot.
  6. ↑ The Rama (ibid.) quotes Tur and Mordechai; Mishna Brurah (317:6) explains it as anything less than 24 hours.
  7. ↑ Rama also quotes Kol Bo and Hagot Maymoniyot. Yalkut Yosef (317:6) holds that the second opinion is primary.
  8. ↑ Magan Avraham (317:20), Kol Sinai Koshair 3
  9. ↑ Rama 317:1
  10. ↑ Shulchan Aruch (317:5) and implied by Rama (317:1), brought by the Yalkut Yosef (317:11)
  11. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata(15:58), Rabbi Reuven Feinstein in name of his father Rav Moshe Feinstein
  12. ↑ Shulchan Aruch (317:5) rules that a bow-knot isn’t a Kesher, on this the Rama adds that a bow on a single knot is permissible. The Mishna Brurah (317:29) qualifies this that it’s only where the single knot isn’t meant to last (more than 24 hours). However the Yalkut Yosef(317:11), Az Nidabru 6:22, Kol Sinai Koshair 5 rule that some permit even if the single knot is meant to last but says it preferable to be stringent if the knot is meant to last 7 days.
  13. ↑ Tzitz Eliezer 7:29, Shalmat Chaim 185, Beir Moshe 6:55.
  14. ↑ Rama (317:1) in the name of the Hagot Alfasi about a double knot and the Smag concerning a single knot with one string.
  15. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (317:8) says that some disagree and permit even a double knot as long as it’s not Kesher Shel Kayama according to the Rosh (only Kayama is a factor, not Uman) and concludes the Minhag is to permit and the stringent one will be blessed. But in a case of need there’s no need to be strict.
  16. ↑ Shaarei Teshuva (317:1), Tzitz Eliezer 16:10, Menuchat Ahava 14:5
  17. ↑ To be strict for the opinion of Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 8:45 and Rav Poalim O”C 2:44
  18. ↑ Mishnat Halachot 3:38, Kol Sinai Koshair 3:5
  19. ↑ Toldot Yitzchak O”C 2:11
  20. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat Kahilchata 15:63 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Az Nidabru 1:58.
  21. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat Kahilchata 15:64 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Bier Moshe 1:22.
  22. ↑ Rav Ovadya Yosef in the Haskama of Netiv Mitzvot, Mayim Chaim Meshash O”C 1:147, Bier Moshe 2:20(2),6:59, Tefilah LeMoshe 1:58.
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