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Birchot HaShachar: Difference between revisions
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===Shelo Asani Goy, Eved, and Ishah=== | ===Shelo Asani Goy, Eved, and Ishah=== | ||
#Three of the Birchot HaShachar are ''Shelo Asani Goy'', ''Shelo Asani Eved'', ''Shelo Asani Isha'', as praise for the different levels of Mitzvot for which one is obligated. We thank Hashem for not making us a non-Jew, who is not obligated in as many mitzvot as a Jew, or a slave, who is also limited in the Mitzvot he is obligated in. Men also recite a bracha thanking Hashem for not being created a woman, who, too, is not obligated in certain Mitzvot men are. Women recite corresponding Berachot in the female conjugation, as well, except the final one, ''She'Asani Kirtzono is said without Hashem's name.<ref>Menachot 43b and Rashi ad loc, Tur and Shulchan Aruch 46:4, Mishna Berura 46:16, Yechaveh Daat 4:4, Or Letzion 2:3:1</ref>'' However, other poskim hold that ''She'Asani Kirtzono is said '''with''' Hashem's name''.<ref>For sources on this halacha see [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=1081#p=37&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rivevos Efraim 1:37:1] & [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=1083#p=19&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA 7:6 pg. 10], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=54796#p=396&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Shulchan Hamaarechet vol 1 pg. 395], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19979#p=58&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Or Letzion 2:4:1], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=7849#p=83&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Chesed Laalafim 46:3], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=65030#p=71&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rav Eliyahu Mani (Mikkavtze'el, gilyon 28, Elul 5760, pg. 72, she'eila 24)], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=53836#p=6&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Yechaveh Daat 4:4], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=40045#p=43&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Shulchan Hamelech vol. 1 (Rav Shmuel Laniado) 8:8]. [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=907#p=311&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Chazon Ovadia Pesach, 5791 edition, vol. 2, #38, pg. 705], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19725#p=127&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Rav Yaakov Emden, Siddur Amudei Shamayim, daf 63a], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=21547#p=75&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Machazeh Eliyahu 1:13:8].</ref> There are also poskim who hold that women recite the berachot ''Shelo Asani Goy'' and ''Shelo Asani Eved'' with the same wording as men say.<ref>For sources on this halacha see [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=57682#p=21&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr= Birkas Reuven Shlomo Shu”t 9:1], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=35260#p=40&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Sameiach Nefesh Ot Hei s.v. hashachar nashim], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=43157#p=86&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Meir Oz vol. 3 46:4:19:3], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=14392#p=763&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Keter Shem Tov vol. 1-2, birchot hashachar #2 pg. 19], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=41865#p=128&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Avodat Hakodesh (Chida) vol. 2 5:22], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=41237#p=44&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Od Yosef Chai Vayeshev #9], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19725#p=127&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Rav Yaakov Emden, Siddur Amudei Shamayim, daf 63a], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=21547#p=75&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Machazeh Eliyahu 1:13].</ref> | #Three of the Birchot HaShachar are ''Shelo Asani Goy'', ''Shelo Asani Eved'', ''Shelo Asani Isha'', as praise for the different levels of Mitzvot for which one is obligated. We thank Hashem for not making us a non-Jew, who is not obligated in as many mitzvot as a Jew, or a slave, who is also limited in the Mitzvot he is obligated in. Men also recite a bracha thanking Hashem for not being created a woman, who, too, is not obligated in certain Mitzvot men are. Women recite corresponding Berachot in the female conjugation, as well, except the final one, ''She'Asani Kirtzono is said without Hashem's name.<ref>Menachot 43b and Rashi ad loc, Tur and Shulchan Aruch 46:4, Mishna Berura 46:16, Yechaveh Daat 4:4, Or Letzion 2:3:1</ref>'' However, other poskim hold that ''She'Asani Kirtzono is said '''with''' Hashem's name''.<ref>For sources on this halacha see [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=1081#p=37&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rivevos Efraim 1:37:1] & [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=1083#p=19&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA 7:6 pg. 10], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=54796#p=396&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Shulchan Hamaarechet vol 1 pg. 395], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19979#p=58&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Or Letzion 2:4:1], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=7849#p=83&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Chesed Laalafim 46:3], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=65030#p=71&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Rav Eliyahu Mani (Mikkavtze'el, gilyon 28, Elul 5760, pg. 72, she'eila 24)], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=53836#p=6&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Yechaveh Daat 4:4], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=40045#p=43&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%20%D7%A9%D7%9D%20%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Shulchan Hamelech vol. 1 (Rav Shmuel Laniado) 8:8]. [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=907#p=311&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Chazon Ovadia Pesach, 5791 edition, vol. 2, #38, pg. 705], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19725#p=127&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Rav Yaakov Emden, Siddur Amudei Shamayim, daf 63a], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=21547#p=75&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Machazeh Eliyahu 1:13:8].</ref> There are also poskim who hold that women recite the berachot ''Shelo Asani Goy'' and ''Shelo Asani Eved'' with the same wording as men say.<ref>For sources on this halacha see [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=57682#p=21&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr= Birkas Reuven Shlomo Shu”t 9:1], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=35260#p=40&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Sameiach Nefesh Ot Hei s.v. hashachar nashim], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=43157#p=86&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Meir Oz vol. 3 46:4:19:3], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=14392#p=763&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Keter Shem Tov vol. 1-2, birchot hashachar #2 pg. 19], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=41865#p=128&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Avodat Hakodesh (Chida) vol. 2 5:22], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=41237#p=44&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Od Yosef Chai Vayeshev #9], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=19725#p=127&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Rav Yaakov Emden, Siddur Amudei Shamayim, daf 63a], [https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=21547#p=75&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94 Machazeh Eliyahu 1:13].</ref> | ||
#Some recite "''Shelo Asani Nochri''" as opposed to "''Shelo Asani Goy''".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice (Nefesh HaRav p. 107)</ref> | #Some recite "''Shelo Asani Nochri''" as opposed to "''Shelo Asani Goy''".<ref>Rav Soloveitchik's practice ([https://tablet.otzar.org/#/book/64100/p/111/t/0.073940066426006591234/fs/0/start/0/end/0/c Nefesh HaRav p. 107]). | ||
*See further discussion of this opinion: <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=4198#p=184&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Yesodei Yeshurun, Maareches Birkas Hashachar, 11, pg. 176]</nowiki>, [https://www.sefaria.org/HaKtav_VeHaKabalah%2C_Exodus.12.43.1?ven=hebrew|HaKtav_VeHaKabbalah,_Frankfurt_1880&lang=bi HaKtav VeHaKabalah Shemos 12:43], <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=21547#p=75&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 ME 1:13:8]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=52716#p=36&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr= Veshav Verafa 3:7]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=48848#p=410&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Otzrot Gedolei Yisrael vol. 4 pg. 405]</nowiki> (Rav Moshe Tzuriel explaining the opinion of HaKtav VeHaKabalah), <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=22166#p=1&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Chorev (Pirkei Haavodah, Brachos (14) §4)]</nowiki>. | |||
*Discussion of opinion against saying Shelo Asani Nochri: <nowiki>[https://tablet.otzar.org/#/b/675927/p/34/t/10.70.026970938741337713/fs/0/start/0/end/0/c/1739481855855 Siddur Eizor Eliyahu page 6]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=66470#p=91&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Torat Hakadmonim 2:8 pg. 91]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=20025#p=11&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Teshuvos Vehanhagos 1:6]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=54662#p=87&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Chashukei Chemed Nidda 8a (end) pg. 89]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://www.sefaria.org/HaElef_Lekha_Shlomo%2C_Orach_Chayim.34.1?ven=hebrew|HaElef_Lekha_Shlomo,_Bi%C5%82goraj,_1933&lang=bi Haelef Lecha Shlomo #34]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=47817#p=169&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Pe'as Sadcha-- Tefillah, pg. 159]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=61853#p=354&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Rav Elyashiv (Yevakshu Mipihu Hilchos Tefillah vol. 1, shaar 9 perek 1 §1]</nowiki>. | |||
*Compromise position: | |||
<nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=14156#p=172&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Sdei Chemed Asifat Dinim Maarechet Chirufin, §5, pg. 174 s.v. umidei]</nowiki>. | |||
*There is some implication of the existence of such a minhag (to say Nochri) in Morocco. See <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=20611#p=244&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Halichot Sheva vol. 1, Kuntres Acharon, #6]</nowiki> and <nowiki>[https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/reader/reader.aspx?sfid=51121#p=1&fitMode=fitwidth&hlts=&ocr=%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%20%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99 Piskei Chachmei Hamaarav Orach Chayim, pg. 136]</nowiki> in the name of [https://tablet.otzar.org/#/book/174503/p/49/t/2293929421706212341234/fs/m_zKSbt6lnxMrwTOZhhjiS9gGzDZuOBsnPP2BQTs6uzA/start/0/end/66/c Nishmat Chayim (Rav Yehoshua Monsonego) pg. 49].</ref> | |||
==When to Recite Birchot HaShachar== | ==When to Recite Birchot HaShachar== | ||
===Earliest Time for Birchot HaShachar=== | ===Earliest Time for Birchot HaShachar=== | ||
