Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum: Difference between revisions

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==Who is obligated?==
==Who is obligated?==
# There’s an obligation on every person to read the parsha the Tzibbur is up to twice and targum once called Shenayim Mikrash VeEchad Targum. <ref> Brachot 8a records the obligation and tells us that Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi commanded his sons to fulfill it, Mechilta Parshat Bo quoted by Shibolei HaLeket 75 and Bet Yosef 285 tells us Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi commanded his sons to fulfill this obligation before Shabbat lunch, Rashbetz (Brachot 8a) this in name of the Yerushalmi, and the Tosfot and Rosh (Brachot 8b) quote a Midrash. Rambam Tefilah 13:25, S’A 285:1 rules that it’s an obligation. </ref>
# There’s an obligation on every person to read the parsha the Tzibbur is up to twice and targum once called Shenayim Mikrash VeEchad Targum. <ref> Brachot 8a records the obligation and tells us that Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi commanded his sons to fulfill it, Mechilta Parshat Bo quoted by Shibolei HaLeket 75 and Bet Yosef 285 tells us Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi commanded his sons to fulfill this obligation before Shabbat lunch, Rashbetz (Brachot 8a) this in name of the Yerushalmi, and the Tosfot and Rosh (Brachot 8b) quote a Midrash. Rambam Tefilah 13:25, S’A 285:1 rules that it’s an obligation. </ref>
# Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is also obligated<Ref> Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 300) quotes Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya.</ref>
# Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shanyim Mikrah. <Ref> Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 300) quotes Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya.</ref>
# Even someone who doesn’t understand what he’s reading is obligated.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37</ref>
# Even someone who doesn’t understand what he’s reading is obligated.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37</ref>
# Women are exempt since many hold it’s included in Limud Torah.<Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60.</ref>
# Women are exempt since many hold it’s included in Limud Torah.<Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60.</ref>
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# A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref>
# A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref>
# A teacher who teaches children the parsha and goes over the pesukim a few times he only needs to read targum to fulfill his obligation.<Ref> S”A 285:6, Mishna Brurah 285:16, Kaf Hachiam 285:32 adds that according Kabbalah it’s better to read it again all together without a break</ref>
# A teacher who teaches children the parsha and goes over the pesukim a few times he only needs to read targum to fulfill his obligation.<Ref> S”A 285:6, Mishna Brurah 285:16, Kaf Hachiam 285:32 adds that according Kabbalah it’s better to read it again all together without a break</ref>
==What pesukim and what Targum?==
==What pesukim and what Targum?==
# The Targum Unkelos we have which includes a Targum of every pasuk can be used even for pesukim that are just names or places.<Ref>chot 8a says that one should also read the pesukim of just names  such as “Atarot VeDevon”. Rashi explains that the pasuk chosen by the gemara has a targum but isn’t so well know, the targum Yerushalmi. On these pesukim one should still read it twice with targum rather than reading it three times without targum. So writes the Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah, Ravyah (Brachot 22), Mordechai (Brachot 1:17), Tashbetz 184, Orchot Chaim pg 64b:3, Kol Bo 37, and Leket Yosher pg 55. Since nowadays our Targum is the Mechlalta UMalbusta which is a derivative of Targum Yerushalmi one should read the Targum for the third time. so holds the Badei Shulchan 10b:1, Rabbenu BeChay (end of Matot), and Elfasi Zuta (Brachot 8b).</ref>
# The Targum Unkelos we have which includes a Targum of every pasuk can be used even for pesukim that are just names or places.<Ref>chot 8a says that one should also read the pesukim of just names  such as “Atarot VeDevon”. Rashi explains that the pasuk chosen by the gemara has a targum but isn’t so well know, the targum Yerushalmi. On these pesukim one should still read it twice with targum rather than reading it three times without targum. So writes the Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah, Ravyah (Brachot 22), Mordechai (Brachot 1:17), Tashbetz 184, Orchot Chaim pg 64b:3, Kol Bo 37, and Leket Yosher pg 55. Since nowadays our Targum is the Mechlalta UMalbusta which is a derivative of Targum Yerushalmi one should read the Targum for the third time. so holds the Badei Shulchan 10b:1, Rabbenu BeChay (end of Matot), and Elfasi Zuta (Brachot 8b).</ref>

Revision as of 17:24, 24 March 2010

Who is obligated?

  1. There’s an obligation on every person to read the parsha the Tzibbur is up to twice and targum once called Shenayim Mikrash VeEchad Targum. [1]
  2. Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shanyim Mikrah. [2]
  3. Even someone who doesn’t understand what he’s reading is obligated.[3]
  4. Women are exempt since many hold it’s included in Limud Torah.[4]
  5. A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.[5]
  6. A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.[6]
  7. A teacher who teaches children the parsha and goes over the pesukim a few times he only needs to read targum to fulfill his obligation.[7]

What pesukim and what Targum?

  1. The Targum Unkelos we have which includes a Targum of every pasuk can be used even for pesukim that are just names or places.[8]
  2. Rashi’s commentary also counts as Targum. A Yaare Shamayim should read also Targum Unkelos and Rashi[9]
  3. The pasuk Shema Yisrael can be said twice and then it’s Targum.[10]
  4. One doesn’t need to do it on the Yom Tov reading, Rosh Chodesh, or the four parshiot or any reading that’s not in the weekly parsha.[11]
  5. One should read the Haftorah of the weekly parsha even if the Haftorah read in shul is a special one for Rosh Chodesh or Zachor.[12]

How should one read it?

  1. Lechatchila, one should read a pasuk twice and it’s Targum but if one read the whole parsha then the Targum one has fulfilled his obligation.[13]
  2. One shouldn’t read Targum and then the pasuk twice and not the pasuk, the Targum and then the pasuk, however bedieved if one did the pasuk, Targum and the pasuk he fulfills his obligation.[14]
  3. If one doesn’t have time to read it should read along with the Bal Koreh on Shabbat (which will count as one time of Mikrah) and then read it one more time with Targum[15]
  4. One should read it with the tune of Torah reading but Targum shouldn’t be read with a tune. One fulfills his obligation bedieved if he read it without a tune[16]
  5. Someone who owns a Sefer Torah and knows how to read it with the tune and pronunciations should read it from a Sefer Torah. If one doesn’t know the correct way to read it well it’s preferable to read it from a Chumash that has Tamim and Nekudot.[17]
  6. Some have the practice to repeat the last pasuk of the parsha an extra two times. [18]
  7. One shouldn’t interrupt when one is reading it rather one should finish it in one standing. If one is very thirsty one can drink with a bracha. [19]
  8. One can begin to read the week’s parsha after the Tzibbur read that parsha’s rishon at Mincha on Shabbat. [20]
  9. One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by Shabbat lunch. If one didn’t complete it by then one should finish it by Mincha of Shabbat. If one didn’t complete it by then one can fulfill it until Tuesday night. Some hold one can even complete it by that year’s Shemini Esret. [21]
  10. Vezot Habracha should be read on Hoshana Rabba however if one read it on Shemini Esret you also fulfill the obligation. [22]
  11. Someone for whom it’s difficult to read it on Friday or Shabbat have those to rely to say it Friday night.[23]
  12. If one misses a week one should read last week’s parsha and then this weeks. [24]

References

  1. ↑ Brachot 8a records the obligation and tells us that Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi commanded his sons to fulfill it, Mechilta Parshat Bo quoted by Shibolei HaLeket 75 and Bet Yosef 285 tells us Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi commanded his sons to fulfill this obligation before Shabbat lunch, Rashbetz (Brachot 8a) this in name of the Yerushalmi, and the Tosfot and Rosh (Brachot 8b) quote a Midrash. Rambam Tefilah 13:25, S’A 285:1 rules that it’s an obligation.
  2. ↑ Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 300) quotes Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya.
  3. ↑ Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37
  4. ↑ Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60.
  5. ↑ Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shatif 18.
  6. ↑ Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.
  7. ↑ S”A 285:6, Mishna Brurah 285:16, Kaf Hachiam 285:32 adds that according Kabbalah it’s better to read it again all together without a break
  8. ↑ chot 8a says that one should also read the pesukim of just names such as “Atarot VeDevon”. Rashi explains that the pasuk chosen by the gemara has a targum but isn’t so well know, the targum Yerushalmi. On these pesukim one should still read it twice with targum rather than reading it three times without targum. So writes the Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah, Ravyah (Brachot 22), Mordechai (Brachot 1:17), Tashbetz 184, Orchot Chaim pg 64b:3, Kol Bo 37, and Leket Yosher pg 55. Since nowadays our Targum is the Mechlalta UMalbusta which is a derivative of Targum Yerushalmi one should read the Targum for the third time. so holds the Badei Shulchan 10b:1, Rabbenu BeChay (end of Matot), and Elfasi Zuta (Brachot 8b).
  9. ↑ S”A 285:2, Mishna Brurah 285:6 says reading Unkelos is important since it was the targum of Torah given at har Sinai, and Rashi is also important since he includes the comments of Chazal. Sh”T Kinyan Torah 6:146 in name of Meharash that someone who learns Rashi on the Parsha everyweek is deserving of a portion of Olam Haba in Rashi’s Yeshiva. See Sh”t Shelmat Chaim 171.
  10. ↑ Maamar Mordechai 61:5 says since it’s recognizable that one is repeating every pasuk it’s not like he is acknowledging two deities (the issue with saying Shema twice usually see S”A 61:9). So holds Sh”t Yam hagadol 3, Badei Shulchan 72:10, Sh”t Avnei Tzedek O”C 9, Divrei Menachem 61:2
  11. ↑ S”A 285:7, Mishna Brurah 285:18 and Kaf Hachaim 285: 35 explain that it’s because one is already completing the Torah by doing the weekly parsha. Kaf Hachaim 285:35, Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:40 extend this any time that’s not the regular weekly parsha.
  12. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 285:36, Chida in Moreh Etzbah 4:131-2, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 11
  13. ↑ Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 301-2). Sefer Itim pg 244 says one should read it pasuk by pasuk. Leket yosher pg 54 says if one doesn’t have targum he can read the whole parsha twice and do targum when he finds Targum. Shelah writes that some read it pasuk by pasuk and some read the whole parsha twice and then the Targum and he prefers reading one paragraph at a time and then doing the Targum on that. So was the practice of the Gra (HaMaaseh Rav 60). However the Arizal (Shaare Kavanot 62a) would read it pasuk by pasuk. So holds the Magan Avraham 285:1, Maharam MeRutenberg (Pesakim VeMinahgim, Mehura HaRav Kahana pg 217), Chida in Machzik Bracha 285:10.
  14. ↑ Mishna Brurah 285:6 says one shouldn’t say targum and then the pasuk twice. Kiseh Eliyahu 285:1, Kaf HaChaim 285:6 say one shouldn’t say the pasuk, targum, and then the pasuk. However bedieved one fulfills his requirement so holds Shaare Tzion 285:10, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 16:18, Sh”t Beir Moshe 8:3, Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 5:216
  15. ↑ Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37
  16. ↑ Sh”t Torah Lishma 406, Kaf Hachaim 132:6, 285:12-13, in 285:4 he writes in name of Maggid Mesharim one should say it slowly and carefully. Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:204 says bedieved one fulfills his obligation.
  17. ↑ Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 302-3)
  18. ↑ Kaf Hachaim Palagi 27:3, Chida in Morah BeEtzba 4:131
  19. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 285:15, Kaf Hachaim Palagi 27:4 hold one shouldn’t even stop for divrei torah, however, Sh”t Divrei Chachamim 27(4) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach that one can interrupt for divrei Torah but it’s better not to interrupt at all.
  20. ↑ S”A 285:3 says one can start on Yom Rishon, but the achronim explain that he meant it lav davka. So holds Mishna Brurah 285:7, Kaf HaChaim 285:24. see Sh”t Yashkil Avdi O”C 5:39, Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16.
  21. ↑ S”A 285:4, see Kaf Chaim Palagi 27:4, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 14.
  22. ↑ Birkei Yosef 285:4, ben Ish Chai Vezot Habracha 1:15
  23. ↑ Sh”t Yabe Omer O”C 6:30(5).
  24. ↑ Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:79. However Sh”t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:32 says one can make up a parsha out of order.
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