General Overview of Kashrut: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
# It’s forbidden to eat any non-Kosher food of any size. < | |||
# It’s forbidden to eat the taste of non-Kosher food which was absorbed into another food. | #It’s forbidden to eat any non-Kosher food of any size. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 14:2 </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to smell non-kosher food unless the food was prepared specifically for fragrance. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1696 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | #It’s forbidden to eat the taste of non-Kosher food which was absorbed into another food. | ||
#It is permitted to smell non-kosher food unless the food was prepared specifically for fragrance. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1696 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | |||
==Non-Kosher Animals== | ==Non-Kosher Animals== | ||
# Non-Kosher animals are those which do not have completely split hooves and chew its cud. Examples of non-kosher animals include pig, camel, donkey, and horse. < | |||
# The Torah specifies 24 non-Kosher birds and in practice we hold that any specifies about which we do not have a tradition that it is Kosher may not be eaten. < | #Non-Kosher animals are those which do not have completely split hooves and chew its cud. Examples of non-kosher animals include pig, camel, donkey, and horse. <ref>Vayikra 11:3-8, Rambam Machalot Asurot 2:1, S”A YD 79:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 33-4) </ref> | ||
## There is no definitive tradition regarding pheasant, peacock, guinea hen, partridge, swan, geese, pigeons, and doves and so these should not be eaten. < | #The Torah specifies 24 non-Kosher birds and in practice we hold that any specifies about which we do not have a tradition that it is Kosher may not be eaten. <ref>Vayikra 11:13-20, S”A YD 82:2 </ref> | ||
## Common practice is to permit eating turkeys. < | ##There is no definitive tradition regarding pheasant, peacock, guinea hen, partridge, swan, geese, pigeons, and doves and so these should not be eaten. <ref>The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 35-6) </ref> | ||
##Common practice is to permit eating turkeys. <ref>The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 35) quoting Darkei Teshuva 82:26</ref> | |||
===Their products=== | ===Their products=== | ||
# Eggs or milk of a non-Kosher animal is also non-Kosher. < | |||
#Eggs or milk of a non-Kosher animal is also non-Kosher. <ref>Gemara Bechorot 5b-6a, Rambam Machalot Asurot 3:1, S”A YD 81:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 33-4) </ref> | |||
==Non-Kosher Fish== | ==Non-Kosher Fish== | ||
# Fish which has fins and scales are Kosher, while all others are non-Kosher. < | |||
#Fish which has fins and scales are Kosher, while all others are non-Kosher. <ref>Vayikra 11:12, S”A YD 83:1 </ref> Fish do not need ritual slaughtering. <ref>S”A YD 13:1 </ref> | |||
==Blood== | ==Blood== | ||
# Blood of any animal or bird is forbidden to be eaten. Therefore after a kosher animal is ritually slaughtered it must be salted properly in order to remove the blood. < | |||
# Fish blood is permitted to drink, however, it’s forbidden if it’s gathered in a vessel unless it’s recognizably fish blood such as having in it fish scales. < | #Blood of any animal or bird is forbidden to be eaten. Therefore after a kosher animal is ritually slaughtered it must be salted properly in order to remove the blood. <ref>Vayikra 7:26-27, Devarim 12:23, Rambam Machalot Assurot 6:10, S”A YD 66:1</ref> | ||
# Human blood which separated from the area which it left the body is forbidden, however, if one’s gums are bleeding it is permitted to swallow that blood. < | #Fish blood is permitted to drink, however, it’s forbidden if it’s gathered in a vessel unless it’s recognizably fish blood such as having in it fish scales. <ref>S”A YD 66:9 </ref> | ||
#Human blood which separated from the area which it left the body is forbidden, however, if one’s gums are bleeding it is permitted to swallow that blood. <ref>The gemara Keritut 21b says that eating human blood is only derabbanan once it separated from the body. The gemara explains that if a person is eating and finds blood on the piece of food that is forbidden, however, if a person’s teeth are bleeding that blood is permitted and a person can swallow it. Rambam (Machalot Asurot 6:2) and Shulchan Aruch YD 66:10 codify this halacha. Rama YD 66:10 adds that if human blood fell into a food and isn't recognizable it doesn't forbid the mixture. The Pri Megadim S"D 66:16 writes that theoretically this is the case even if the human blood is in the majority.</ref> | |||
==Nevelah== | ==Nevelah== | ||
# Any animal, kosher or not, may not be eaten unless it has first been ritually slaughtered properly, otherwise, the animal is considered Nevelah. An unwarranted pause, excessive pressure, or using a jagged knife are among the numerous defects of a ritual slaughtering which would cause the animal to be Nevelah. < | |||
#Any animal, kosher or not, may not be eaten unless it has first been ritually slaughtered properly, otherwise, the animal is considered Nevelah. An unwarranted pause, excessive pressure, or using a jagged knife are among the numerous defects of a ritual slaughtering which would cause the animal to be Nevelah. <ref>S”A YD 18:1, 23:1-2, 24:1 </ref> | |||
==Teriefah== | ==Teriefah== | ||
# An animal which has a health defect or disease which Chazal specify is considered Teriefah and is forbidden to eat. < | |||
#An animal which has a health defect or disease which Chazal specify is considered Teriefah and is forbidden to eat. <ref>The Mishna Chullin 42a enumerate 18 defects and the Rambam Hilchot Shechitah 10:9 counts 70. </ref> | |||
===Dairy Products of Non-kosher Animals=== | ===Dairy Products of Non-kosher Animals=== | ||
# The milk of a Tereifah animal is non-Kosher. < | |||
#The milk of a Tereifah animal is non-Kosher. <ref>Based on Mishna Chullin 116b, Rif Chullin 19a, Rambam Machalot Asurot 3:10, Rosh Chullin 3:52, S”A YD 81:1 </ref> | |||
==Chelev== | ==Chelev== | ||
# Certain fats of domestic animals (cattle, sheep, and goat) are forbidden, however, fat of birds or other kosher animals is permissible. Therefore after the ritual slaughtering, the butcher or other expert removes these forbidden fats. < | |||
# Many poskim hold that it is permitted to use soaps made from animal fats even if they included the forbidden fats.<ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Taharat Habayit v. 3 p. 244) quotes the Tosfot niddah 32a and many other rishonim that smearing forbidden animal fat on one's skin isn't forbidden because it is like eating. Additionally, he quotes the Pri Chadash YD 177:4 who says that the soaps are unfit for eating and as such there's no issue of using soaps. The Aruch Hashulchan YD 117:29 agrees. See however, Biur Halacha s.v. 326:10.</ref> | #Certain fats of domestic animals (cattle, sheep, and goat) are forbidden, however, fat of birds or other kosher animals is permissible. Therefore after the ritual slaughtering, the butcher or other expert removes these forbidden fats. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 64:1 </ref> | ||
#Many poskim hold that it is permitted to use soaps made from animal fats even if they included the forbidden fats.<ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Taharat Habayit v. 3 p. 244) quotes the Tosfot niddah 32a and many other rishonim that smearing forbidden animal fat on one's skin isn't forbidden because it is like eating. Additionally, he quotes the Pri Chadash YD 177:4 who says that the soaps are unfit for eating and as such there's no issue of using soaps. The Aruch Hashulchan YD 117:29 agrees. See however, Biur Halacha s.v. 326:10.</ref> | |||
==Gid HaNasheh== | ==Gid HaNasheh== | ||
# It’s forbidden to eat the Gid HaNasheh which is the sciatic nerve in the hind thighs of kosher animals. < | |||
#It’s forbidden to eat the Gid HaNasheh which is the sciatic nerve in the hind thighs of kosher animals. <ref>Beresheet 32:33, Rambam 8:1, S”A YD 64:11 </ref> | |||
==Ever Min HaChay== | ==Ever Min HaChay== | ||
# It’s forbidden to eat a limb that was detached from a live animal. < | |||
#It’s forbidden to eat a limb that was detached from a live animal. <ref>Beresheet 9:4, Rambam Machalot Assurot 5:1, S”A YD 62 </ref> | |||
==Tevel== | ==Tevel== | ||
# Produce of Eretz [[Israel]] may not be eaten until one has removed [[Trumot and Maaserot]]. < | |||
#Produce of Eretz [[Israel]] may not be eaten until one has removed [[Trumot and Maaserot]]. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 10:19 </ref> | |||
==Orlah== | ==Orlah== | ||
# A fruit tree within its first three years is called Orlah and its fruit are forbidden to eat. < | |||
#A fruit tree within its first three years is called Orlah and its fruit are forbidden to eat. <ref>Vayikra 19:23, Rambam Machalot Assurot 10:1, Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 247) </ref> | |||
==Chadash== | ==Chadash== | ||
# Any grain which took root after 16th of Nissan is forbidden to be eaten until the next 16th of Nissan. < | |||
# There is considerable debate whether this applies outside [[Israel]]. < | #Any grain which took root after 16th of Nissan is forbidden to be eaten until the next 16th of Nissan. <ref>S”A OC 489:10 </ref> | ||
#There is considerable debate whether this applies outside [[Israel]]. <ref>Beiur Halacha 489:10 s.v. Af </ref> | |||
==Yayin Nesech== | ==Yayin Nesech== | ||
See [[Kosher Wine: Yayin Nesech, Stam Yeinam, and Maga Akum]] for details. | See [[Kosher Wine: Yayin Nesech, Stam Yeinam, and Maga Akum]] for details. | ||
# Wine which was poured in a sacrificial manner to an Avoda Zara is forbidden biblically. The same is true of any food served to an Avoda Zara. < | |||
# Wine that was moved by a non-Jew is forbidden by rabbinic decree. There is a dispute whether the wine is forbidden upon touch of a non-Jew. < | #Wine which was poured in a sacrificial manner to an Avoda Zara is forbidden biblically. The same is true of any food served to an Avoda Zara. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 11:1 </ref> | ||
# One may not drink wine that belongs to a non-Jew and is considered Stam Yainom. < | #Wine that was moved by a non-Jew is forbidden by rabbinic decree. There is a dispute whether the wine is forbidden upon touch of a non-Jew. <ref>S”A YD 124:11, Shach 124:20 </ref> | ||
#One may not drink wine that belongs to a non-Jew and is considered Stam Yainom. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 11:7 </ref> | |||
==Fish and Meat== | ==Fish and Meat== | ||
# It’s forbidden to eat fish and meat together because Chazal felt that there was a health concern. < | |||
# A person who ate fish should wash out his mouth with a solid and liquid before eating meat. Ashkenazim hold that one doesn't have to wash one's hands but Sephardim hold that one should also wash one's hand before eating meat after having fish.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 116:3 based on the practice of the Rosh that one should wash one's hands and mouth before eating meat after having fish. However, the Rama says that practice isn't to wash one's hands or mouth before having meat but it is proper to wash out one's mouth with a solid and liquid. | #It’s forbidden to eat fish and meat together because Chazal felt that there was a health concern. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 116:2, Yalkut Yosef YD 87:83, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 33:1. See Dr. Fred Rosner's article in [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23261619.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ae0b168f1e99d18e7992f40fe2316ed33 Tradition v. 35 pp. 36-44] about the theory that it is unhealthy since there's small bones in fish and a person might swallow one without realizing if he is also eating meat at the same time which doesn't have small bones. However, he questions that theory and concludes that we don't have a scientific explanation of this danger today. </ref> | ||
* The Magen Avraham 173:1 and Chatom Sofer YD 101 question whether this prohibition should really still apply today since it doesn't seem to be dangerous. Kaf Hachaim 173:9 says that since this is a question of health one should be strict. </ref> | #A person who ate fish should wash out his mouth with a solid and liquid before eating meat. Ashkenazim hold that one doesn't have to wash one's hands but Sephardim hold that one should also wash one's hand before eating meat after having fish.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 116:3 based on the practice of the Rosh that one should wash one's hands and mouth before eating meat after having fish. However, the Rama says that practice isn't to wash one's hands or mouth before having meat but it is proper to wash out one's mouth with a solid and liquid. | ||
# It is permitted to cook fish in a meat pot even if it is was used within that same day.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85 (Isur V'heter v. 3, p. 316)</ref> | |||
*The Magen Avraham 173:1 and Chatom Sofer YD 101 question whether this prohibition should really still apply today since it doesn't seem to be dangerous. Kaf Hachaim 173:9 says that since this is a question of health one should be strict.</ref> | |||
#It is permitted to cook fish in a meat pot even if it is was used within that same day.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85 (Isur V'heter v. 3, p. 316)</ref> | |||
==Fish and Dairy== | ==Fish and Dairy== | ||
# There is a | |||
# Even according to those who don't eat fish and milk together may have fish cooked with butter. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85, Kaf Hachaim 87: 24</ref> | #There is a Sephardic custom not to eat fish and dairy together. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 87:84, Yechave Daat 6:48, BI"H, Beha'alotecha, 15, Kaf Hachaim 87: 24</ref> Such is the Syrian practice.<ref>[https://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=770 Rabbi Mansour]</ref> Ashkenazim hold that it is permitted.<ref>Shach YD 87:5</ref> | ||
#Ashkenazim hold that it is permitted to have fish and dairy together.<ref>Shach 87:5, Taz 87:3</ref> | |||
#Even according to those who don't eat fish and milk together may have fish cooked with butter. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85, Kaf Hachaim 87: 24</ref> | |||
==[[Bishul Akum]]== | ==[[Bishul Akum]]== | ||
# One may not eat food that was cooked by a non-Jew.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 113:1</ref> See the [[Bishul Akum]] page. | |||
#One may not eat food that was cooked by a non-Jew.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 113:1</ref> See the [[Bishul Akum]] page. | |||
==Pat Akum== | ==Pat Akum== | ||
# One may not eat bread that was baked by a non-Jew. see the [[Pat_Akum]] page | |||
#One may not eat bread that was baked by a non-Jew. see the [[Pat_Akum]] page | |||
==Chalav Yisrael== | ==Chalav Yisrael== | ||
| Line 66: | Line 97: | ||
==Kelayim== | ==Kelayim== | ||
# One may not mingle seeds of different species of plants however, if one did so the product is permitted. < | |||
# It’s forbidden to sow a vegetable or grain near a grape vine and if one did so the product is forbidden. < | #One may not mingle seeds of different species of plants however, if one did so the product is permitted. <ref>Rambam Kelayim 1:1, 6:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 42) </ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to sow a vegetable or grain near a grape vine and if one did so the product is forbidden. <ref>Rambam Kelayim 1:1, 6:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 42) </ref> | |||
==Meat and Milk== | ==Meat and Milk== | ||
see [[Milk_and_Meat_in_the_Kitchen|Milk and Meat in the Kitchen]] and [[Waiting between Meat and Milk]] and [[Eating Dairy and Meat at the Same Table]] | see [[Milk_and_Meat_in_the_Kitchen|Milk and Meat in the Kitchen]] and [[Waiting between Meat and Milk]] and [[Eating Dairy and Meat at the Same Table]] | ||
# Even though both meat and milk separately are Kosher, when mixed they are forbidden. Any cooked combination is biblically forbidden. < | |||
#Even though both meat and milk separately are Kosher, when mixed they are forbidden. Any cooked combination is biblically forbidden. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 9:1 </ref> Rabbinically, a combination of milk and meat of non-domesticated animals or milk and poultry is forbidden. <ref>Rambam Machalot Assurot 9:4 </ref> | |||
==Sheretz== | ==Sheretz== | ||
# All insects are forbidden to eat except a certain species of locust which is unknown to us and as such one shouldn’t eat locust. < | |||
## Fruit or vegetables which commonly are infested with bugs must be checked before eating. < | #All insects are forbidden to eat except a certain species of locust which is unknown to us and as such one shouldn’t eat locust. <ref>Vayikra 11, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 38) </ref> | ||
## Insects which are only visible through a microscope are not forbidden. < | ##Fruit or vegetables which commonly are infested with bugs must be checked before eating. <ref>S”A YD 84:8 </ref> | ||
##Insects which are only visible through a microscope are not forbidden. <ref>Sh”t Yechave Daat 6:47 </ref> | |||
==Honey== | ==Honey== | ||
# Bees' honey is kosher, because the honey is not is not an actual secretion of the bee. Rather, the bee functions only as a carrier. <ref> Bechorot 7b, Rambam Maachalot Asurot 3:3, S"A YD 81:8, Yalkut Yosef Isur VIheter Vol. 2 81:38 see also [https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/624/do-bee-dont-bee/ Star-K] </ref> | |||
#Bees' honey is kosher, because the honey is not is not an actual secretion of the bee. Rather, the bee functions only as a carrier. <ref>Bechorot 7b, Rambam Maachalot Asurot 3:3, S"A YD 81:8, Yalkut Yosef Isur VIheter Vol. 2 81:38 see also [https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/624/do-bee-dont-bee/ Star-K] </ref> | |||
===Royal Jelly=== | ===Royal Jelly=== | ||
# Although some poskim argued that royal jelly should be considered kosher, most poskim hold that it is not kosher.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Minchat Shlomo Tinyana 64), [https://ouintranet.org/newsletters/files/Royal-Jelly-Rav-Schachter-DHK-VII-4.pdf Rav Hershel Schachter]</ref> | |||
#Although some poskim argued that royal jelly should be considered kosher, most poskim hold that it is not kosher.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Minchat Shlomo Tinyana 64), [https://ouintranet.org/newsletters/files/Royal-Jelly-Rav-Schachter-DHK-VII-4.pdf Rav Hershel Schachter]</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Kashrut]] | [[Category:Kashrut]] | ||
Revision as of 14:18, 3 September 2018
General
- It’s forbidden to eat any non-Kosher food of any size. [1]
- It’s forbidden to eat the taste of non-Kosher food which was absorbed into another food.
- It is permitted to smell non-kosher food unless the food was prepared specifically for fragrance. [2]
Non-Kosher Animals
- Non-Kosher animals are those which do not have completely split hooves and chew its cud. Examples of non-kosher animals include pig, camel, donkey, and horse. [3]
- The Torah specifies 24 non-Kosher birds and in practice we hold that any specifies about which we do not have a tradition that it is Kosher may not be eaten. [4]
Their products
- Eggs or milk of a non-Kosher animal is also non-Kosher. [7]
Non-Kosher Fish
- Fish which has fins and scales are Kosher, while all others are non-Kosher. [8] Fish do not need ritual slaughtering. [9]
Blood
- Blood of any animal or bird is forbidden to be eaten. Therefore after a kosher animal is ritually slaughtered it must be salted properly in order to remove the blood. [10]
- Fish blood is permitted to drink, however, it’s forbidden if it’s gathered in a vessel unless it’s recognizably fish blood such as having in it fish scales. [11]
- Human blood which separated from the area which it left the body is forbidden, however, if one’s gums are bleeding it is permitted to swallow that blood. [12]
Nevelah
- Any animal, kosher or not, may not be eaten unless it has first been ritually slaughtered properly, otherwise, the animal is considered Nevelah. An unwarranted pause, excessive pressure, or using a jagged knife are among the numerous defects of a ritual slaughtering which would cause the animal to be Nevelah. [13]
Teriefah
- An animal which has a health defect or disease which Chazal specify is considered Teriefah and is forbidden to eat. [14]
Dairy Products of Non-kosher Animals
- The milk of a Tereifah animal is non-Kosher. [15]
Chelev
- Certain fats of domestic animals (cattle, sheep, and goat) are forbidden, however, fat of birds or other kosher animals is permissible. Therefore after the ritual slaughtering, the butcher or other expert removes these forbidden fats. [16]
- Many poskim hold that it is permitted to use soaps made from animal fats even if they included the forbidden fats.[17]
Gid HaNasheh
- It’s forbidden to eat the Gid HaNasheh which is the sciatic nerve in the hind thighs of kosher animals. [18]
Ever Min HaChay
- It’s forbidden to eat a limb that was detached from a live animal. [19]
Tevel
- Produce of Eretz Israel may not be eaten until one has removed Trumot and Maaserot. [20]
Orlah
- A fruit tree within its first three years is called Orlah and its fruit are forbidden to eat. [21]
Chadash
- Any grain which took root after 16th of Nissan is forbidden to be eaten until the next 16th of Nissan. [22]
- There is considerable debate whether this applies outside Israel. [23]
Yayin Nesech
See Kosher Wine: Yayin Nesech, Stam Yeinam, and Maga Akum for details.
- Wine which was poured in a sacrificial manner to an Avoda Zara is forbidden biblically. The same is true of any food served to an Avoda Zara. [24]
- Wine that was moved by a non-Jew is forbidden by rabbinic decree. There is a dispute whether the wine is forbidden upon touch of a non-Jew. [25]
- One may not drink wine that belongs to a non-Jew and is considered Stam Yainom. [26]
Fish and Meat
- It’s forbidden to eat fish and meat together because Chazal felt that there was a health concern. [27]
- A person who ate fish should wash out his mouth with a solid and liquid before eating meat. Ashkenazim hold that one doesn't have to wash one's hands but Sephardim hold that one should also wash one's hand before eating meat after having fish.[28]
- It is permitted to cook fish in a meat pot even if it is was used within that same day.[29]
Fish and Dairy
- There is a Sephardic custom not to eat fish and dairy together. [30] Such is the Syrian practice.[31] Ashkenazim hold that it is permitted.[32]
- Ashkenazim hold that it is permitted to have fish and dairy together.[33]
- Even according to those who don't eat fish and milk together may have fish cooked with butter. [34]
Bishul Akum
- One may not eat food that was cooked by a non-Jew.[35] See the Bishul Akum page.
Pat Akum
- One may not eat bread that was baked by a non-Jew. see the Pat_Akum page
Chalav Yisrael
see the Kosher Milk page
Kelayim
- One may not mingle seeds of different species of plants however, if one did so the product is permitted. [36]
- It’s forbidden to sow a vegetable or grain near a grape vine and if one did so the product is forbidden. [37]
Meat and Milk
see Milk and Meat in the Kitchen and Waiting between Meat and Milk and Eating Dairy and Meat at the Same Table
- Even though both meat and milk separately are Kosher, when mixed they are forbidden. Any cooked combination is biblically forbidden. [38] Rabbinically, a combination of milk and meat of non-domesticated animals or milk and poultry is forbidden. [39]
Sheretz
- All insects are forbidden to eat except a certain species of locust which is unknown to us and as such one shouldn’t eat locust. [40]
Honey
- Bees' honey is kosher, because the honey is not is not an actual secretion of the bee. Rather, the bee functions only as a carrier. [43]
Royal Jelly
- Although some poskim argued that royal jelly should be considered kosher, most poskim hold that it is not kosher.[44]
Sources
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 14:2
- ↑ Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com
- ↑ Vayikra 11:3-8, Rambam Machalot Asurot 2:1, S”A YD 79:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 33-4)
- ↑ Vayikra 11:13-20, S”A YD 82:2
- ↑ The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 35-6)
- ↑ The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 35) quoting Darkei Teshuva 82:26
- ↑ Gemara Bechorot 5b-6a, Rambam Machalot Asurot 3:1, S”A YD 81:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 33-4)
- ↑ Vayikra 11:12, S”A YD 83:1
- ↑ S”A YD 13:1
- ↑ Vayikra 7:26-27, Devarim 12:23, Rambam Machalot Assurot 6:10, S”A YD 66:1
- ↑ S”A YD 66:9
- ↑ The gemara Keritut 21b says that eating human blood is only derabbanan once it separated from the body. The gemara explains that if a person is eating and finds blood on the piece of food that is forbidden, however, if a person’s teeth are bleeding that blood is permitted and a person can swallow it. Rambam (Machalot Asurot 6:2) and Shulchan Aruch YD 66:10 codify this halacha. Rama YD 66:10 adds that if human blood fell into a food and isn't recognizable it doesn't forbid the mixture. The Pri Megadim S"D 66:16 writes that theoretically this is the case even if the human blood is in the majority.
- ↑ S”A YD 18:1, 23:1-2, 24:1
- ↑ The Mishna Chullin 42a enumerate 18 defects and the Rambam Hilchot Shechitah 10:9 counts 70.
- ↑ Based on Mishna Chullin 116b, Rif Chullin 19a, Rambam Machalot Asurot 3:10, Rosh Chullin 3:52, S”A YD 81:1
- ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 64:1
- ↑ Rav Ovadia Yosef (Taharat Habayit v. 3 p. 244) quotes the Tosfot niddah 32a and many other rishonim that smearing forbidden animal fat on one's skin isn't forbidden because it is like eating. Additionally, he quotes the Pri Chadash YD 177:4 who says that the soaps are unfit for eating and as such there's no issue of using soaps. The Aruch Hashulchan YD 117:29 agrees. See however, Biur Halacha s.v. 326:10.
- ↑ Beresheet 32:33, Rambam 8:1, S”A YD 64:11
- ↑ Beresheet 9:4, Rambam Machalot Assurot 5:1, S”A YD 62
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 10:19
- ↑ Vayikra 19:23, Rambam Machalot Assurot 10:1, Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 247)
- ↑ S”A OC 489:10
- ↑ Beiur Halacha 489:10 s.v. Af
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 11:1
- ↑ S”A YD 124:11, Shach 124:20
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 11:7
- ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 116:2, Yalkut Yosef YD 87:83, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 33:1. See Dr. Fred Rosner's article in Tradition v. 35 pp. 36-44 about the theory that it is unhealthy since there's small bones in fish and a person might swallow one without realizing if he is also eating meat at the same time which doesn't have small bones. However, he questions that theory and concludes that we don't have a scientific explanation of this danger today.
- ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 116:3 based on the practice of the Rosh that one should wash one's hands and mouth before eating meat after having fish. However, the Rama says that practice isn't to wash one's hands or mouth before having meat but it is proper to wash out one's mouth with a solid and liquid.
- The Magen Avraham 173:1 and Chatom Sofer YD 101 question whether this prohibition should really still apply today since it doesn't seem to be dangerous. Kaf Hachaim 173:9 says that since this is a question of health one should be strict.
- ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85 (Isur V'heter v. 3, p. 316)
- ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 87:84, Yechave Daat 6:48, BI"H, Beha'alotecha, 15, Kaf Hachaim 87: 24
- ↑ Rabbi Mansour
- ↑ Shach YD 87:5
- ↑ Shach 87:5, Taz 87:3
- ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 87:85, Kaf Hachaim 87: 24
- ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 113:1
- ↑ Rambam Kelayim 1:1, 6:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 42)
- ↑ Rambam Kelayim 1:1, 6:1, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 42)
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 9:1
- ↑ Rambam Machalot Assurot 9:4
- ↑ Vayikra 11, The Laws of Kashrus (Rabbi Binyamin Forst; pg 38)
- ↑ S”A YD 84:8
- ↑ Sh”t Yechave Daat 6:47
- ↑ Bechorot 7b, Rambam Maachalot Asurot 3:3, S"A YD 81:8, Yalkut Yosef Isur VIheter Vol. 2 81:38 see also Star-K
- ↑ Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Minchat Shlomo Tinyana 64), Rav Hershel Schachter
