Seudat Purim (El banquete de Purim): Difference between revisions

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# La comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares. <Ref> Eliya Raba 695:4 escribe que la comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares para aumentar la felicidad. Mishna Brurah 695:9 cita Eliya Raba y agrega que debe ser una felicidad de Tora. Mire la Gemara shabat 88a, que dice que [[Purim]] fue una aceptación de la Tora a causa del amor por ella. </ref>
# La comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares. <Ref> Eliya Raba 695:4 escribe que la comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares para aumentar la felicidad. Mishna Brurah 695:9 cita Eliya Raba y agrega que debe ser una felicidad de Tora. Mire la Gemara shabat 88a, que dice que [[Purim]] fue una aceptación de la Tora a causa del amor por ella. </ref>
==Los excepciones==
==Los excepciones==
# No debe ayunar en [[Purim]], a menos que es una ayuna de una pesadilla. <ref>Rama 695:2 </ref>
# No debe ayunar en [[Purim]], a menos que un ayuno de una pesadilla. <ref>Rama 695:2 </ref>
== La hora de Seudat Purim==
== La hora de Seudat Purim==
# Muchos ashkenazis tienen la minhag (costumbre de comer el banquete despúes de [[mincha]], mientras que muchos sefardis tienen la minhag de comer en la mañana.<ref>  
# Muchos ashkenazis tienen la minhag (costumbre de comer el banquete despúes de [[mincha]], mientras que muchos sefardis tienen la minhag de comer en la mañana.<ref>  

Revision as of 00:29, 18 February 2015

Seudat Purim.png

Se debe aumentar las festividades en Purim. Hay un requisito de comer una comida en el día Purim. [1] Se detalla a continuación las costumbres de la comida de Purim.

Las costumbres de la seuda (banquete) de Purim

  1. Durante la Seudah (el hipervínculo está en inglés), debe tener la intención de comer la comida para cumplir el mandato de seudat Purim.[2]
  2. La comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares. [3]

Los excepciones

  1. No debe ayunar en Purim, a menos que un ayuno de una pesadilla. [4]

La hora de Seudat Purim

  1. Muchos ashkenazis tienen la minhag (costumbre de comer el banquete despúes de mincha, mientras que muchos sefardis tienen la minhag de comer en la mañana.[5]Some have a minhag to eat a small meal the night of Purim. [6]
  2. The mitzvah of Seudat Purim is during the day and not the night, yet one should have simcha and a small meal at night (and make the meal of the day greater). [7] If Purim falls out on Motzei Shabbat and Sunday, having Seudat Shelishit isn’t considered as having a small meal during the night of Purim. Rather, one should have a special meal for the sake of Purim. [8]
  3. If one began the meal on Purim and ate past nightfall, one should still mention Al HaNissim in Birkat HaMazon [9] unless one already said Maariv, in which case one shouldn’t say Al HaNissim. Some say that one can say it even after davening Maariv. [10]

What should one eat at Seudat Purim?

  1. Many poskim hold that one should eat bread and meat in the meal.[11]

If one forgot Al HaNissim

  1. If one forgot Al HaNissim in Benching, one doesn’t repeat benching. However, if one remembers that he forgot Al HaNissim while still benching one should add it in the Harachaman’s by saying Harachaman Hu Yaaseh Lanu Nissim and continue with Al HaNissim. [12]

Drinking on Purim

  1. The mitzvah to drink only applies to wine. Although most Rishonim seem to require one to reach a level of drunkenness [13], most later authorities, Ashkenazic and Sephardic, hold that one should only drink a little more than what one is accustomed to drink and then sleep (see note for procedure). [14] All agree that if one going to end up violating or degrading any halacha such as Birkat HaMazon, one should not get drunk. [15]
  2. If one’s parent tells one not to drink on purim one should listen to them and only drink a little more than usual. [16]
  3. Women are not required to drink as much. One cup or less is sufficient. [17]
  4. If one unintentionally causes minor damages as a result of celebrating purim, one is exempt from paying for the damages. [18]

Regarding reciting brachot and davening after drinking see Avoiding Davening After Drinking Intoxicating Beverages.

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama y S”A 695:1
  2. ↑ S"A 60:4 dictamina como los rishonim quienes dicen que mitzvot requieren kavana (intento de cumplir la mitzva). Mishna Brurah 60:9 cita el Gaon de Vilna, quien dice que mitzvot derabanan también se requieren kavana, pero Magen Avraham no está de acuerdo. S”A 696:7 dice que comer Seudat Purim es una obligación midivrei kabalah (mandado por los projetas, lo cual es, en muchos aspectos, igual un mandato de'oraita). Por eso, Pri Megadim (M”Z 695:1) escribe que uno debe tener la intención de comer la comida para cumplir el mandato de seudat Purim. Mishna Brurah 695:4 dictamina así.
  3. ↑ Eliya Raba 695:4 escribe que la comida debe ser comida con amigos y familiares para aumentar la felicidad. Mishna Brurah 695:9 cita Eliya Raba y agrega que debe ser una felicidad de Tora. Mire la Gemara shabat 88a, que dice que Purim fue una aceptación de la Tora a causa del amor por ella.
  4. ↑ Rama 695:2
  5. ↑
    • Rama 695:2 escribe que la minhag es comer el banquete despúes de mincha, pero hay que ensegurar que la mayoría del banquete sea comido durante el día. Rabino Willig (“Practical Laws of Observance of Purim”, min 41-2) explicó que Rama quiere decir que lost partes primarios de la comida, como la pan, el carne, el vino, deben ser comidos durante el día. Shalmei Todah (p 317) explicó la dictamina de Rama así.
    • However, the Maaseh Rav of the Gra (#248) recommends eating it in the morning. Kaf HaChaim 695:23 quotes kabbalistic reasons for eating Seudat Purim in the morning.
  6. ↑ S”A 695:1 writes that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation by eating a nighttime meal. The Rama adds that at night one should have a small meal. Pri Megadim E”A 695:6 presents different minhagim about having meat at the nighttime meal.
  7. ↑ S”A and Rama 695:1, Mishna Brurah 695:3
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 695:3
  9. ↑ S”A and Rama 695:3
  10. ↑ Mishna Brurah 695:16
  11. ↑
    • Rambam Megillah 2:15 writes that the meal should consist of meat and wine. The Magen Avraham 696:15 questions the need for meat. Nonetheless, many poskim including Kaf HaChaim 695:6, Chazon Ovadyah pg 173, and Nitei Gavriel 71:3 agree that one should have meat. Shaar HaTziyun 695:12 implies it’s an obligation. Kovetz MeBet Levi (5758, vol 13, pg 32) writes that having meat is not MeAkev.
    • The Birkei Yosef 695:1-3 and Magen Avraham 695:9 write that there’s no obligation to eat bread. However, Aruch HaShulchan 695:7, 12 argues that mishteh is defined by bread. Chayei Adam 155:30 says the same. Nitei Gavriel 71:1 and Yalkut Yosef 695:4 write that one should be strict to have bread. Mishna Brurah makes no mention of it except in Shaar HaTziyun 695:4 where he leaves it as a dispute.
  12. ↑ Mishna Brurah 695:15
  13. ↑ Gemara Megillah 7b. Rambam (Laws of Megillah 2:15), Rif Megillah 3a in Dapei HaRif, Rosh Megillah Perek 1 Siman 8, Tur Orach Chayim 695:1 seem to require one to reach a level of drunkenness.
  14. ↑ The Bet Yosef 695:1 quotes the Orchot Chaim who writes that it’s forbidden to get drunk; rather the mitzvah is to drink a little more than one is accustomed to drink. Darkei Moshe HaAruch 695:2 quotes the Mahariv as saying that one should drink, and then sleep so that one doesn’t know the difference between Arur Haman and Baruch Mordechai. Rama 695:2 combines the Orchot Chaim and Mahariv saying that one should drink more than one is accustomed to drink and then sleep.
    • Mishna Brurah 695:5 explicitly rules that this is the accepted halacha. This was also the minhag of Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 343 note 78). Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org (“Inyanei Purim”, min 81-83) explained that one should drink a little more than one is accustomed to, and then fall asleep after the meal. Rabbi Willig (min 42-6), however, explained that according to the Rama one should drink a little, sleep, and then have the Seudah, and drink a little in the meal. Yalkut Yosef 695:14 rules like the Orchot Chaim and makes no mention of sleeping. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in MaAmer Mordechai 64:36 who seems to agree.
    • Rashi Megillah 7b s.v. LeIvsumei and Rambam 2:15 specify wine and not other intoxicating drinks. Kaf HaChaim 695:6 and Nitei Gavriel 73:2 codify this as halacha. Rabbi Willig (min 44-5) rules that it’s prohibited to have intoxicating drinks other than wine on Purim or any day of the year. However, Shalmei Todah (pg 326) quotes Rav Nissim Karlitz saying that it’s not MeAkev to have wine specifically. Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 342, note 76) writes that grape juice does not suffice.
  15. ↑ The Chaye Adam 155:30 writes that if one knows that getting drunk will cause one to degrade fulfilling a mitzvah such as making Brachot, Birkat HaMazon, or Maariv, one shouldn’t get drunk. This is quoted by the Beiur Halacha s.v. Ad and Kaf HaChaim 695:17. This is supported by the Mieri (Megillah 7b) who writes that we’re not commanded to have happiness of vanity and frivolity, rather one should have happiness that leads to Ahavat Hashem and a desire to thank Him for the miracles he did for us.
  16. ↑ Halichot Shlomo 19:25
  17. ↑ Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 1:458, Moadim Uzmanim 2:190
  18. ↑ M.B 6595: 5
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