Non-Jewish Food Vendors: Difference between revisions

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==General==
==General==


#From the Torah law, any time a piece of meat is found and one is unsure whether it is kosher or not, one may rely on majority. If majority of the butchers in town sell kosher meat, then one may presume that it is kosher. However, the Rabbis forbid any piece of meat that wasn't kept in sight of a Jew except in certain cases. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1</ref>
#According to Torah law, any time a piece of meat is found and one is unsure whether it is kosher or not, one may rely on the majority. If the majority of butchers in town sell kosher meat, then one may presume that it is kosher. However, the Rabbis forbade any piece of meat that wasn't kept in sight of a Jew. There are a few exceptions to this rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1</ref>
#If a piece of kosher meat left one's eyesight it is presumed to be non-kosher unless it has a unique identifying mark, one recognizes its look and one is certain that it is the same piece of meat, or it was wrapped and sealed. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1, Yalkut Yosef YD 63:2</ref>
#If a piece of kosher meat left one's eyesight, then it is presumed to be non-kosher unless it has a unique identifying mark, one recognizes its look, and one is certain that it is the same piece of meat. Alternatively, if it was wrapped and sealed then it's ok. <ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1, Yalkut Yosef YD 63:2</ref>  


==Nowadays==
==Nowadays==


#The Ashkenazic minhag is that anytime one leaves a piece of meat and finds it in the same place that one left it, it is presumed to be kosher. <ref>Rama YD 63:2 writes that the minhag is to assume that as long as the piece of meat is in the same place as it was earlier, it is the same piece of kosher meat. Be'er Heitiv YD 63:6 cites a dispute between the Shach who follows the Rama and the Taz who is even more lenient. Aruch HaShulchan YD 63:9 also rules like the Rama.</ref>
#The Ashkenazic minhag is that anytime one leaves a piece of meat and finds it in the same place that one left it, it is presumed to be kosher. <ref>Rama YD 63:2 writes that the minhag is to assume that as long as the piece of meat is in the same place as it was earlier, it is the same piece of kosher meat. Be'er Heitiv YD 63:6 cites a dispute between the Shach who follows the Rama and the Taz who is even more lenient. Aruch HaShulchan YD 63:9 also rules like the Rama.</ref>
#For Sephardim, if one left meat in one's house and one's windows are closed so that birds can't come in, or if the meat was covered and remained covered, it is kosher. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 63:1</ref>
#For Sephardim, if one left meat in one's house, and one's windows are closed so that the birds can't come in, or if the meat was covered and remained covered, it is kosher. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 63:1</ref>


==Packaging for Delivery==
==Buying Meat From Non-Jews==


#Meat, fish, and uncooked wine need two seals if sent with a non-Jew. Cooked wine, milk, cheese, bread, or anything that is only of rabbinic concern only needs one seal if sent with a non-Jew.<ref>Gemara Avoda Zara 39a records the distinction of Rav between meat, fish, wine, and techelet which need two seals as opposed to milk, cheese, and bread which only need one. Rashi 39b s.v. asurin explains that the first category are expensive things and there's a higher concern that the non-Jew switched them. Rashba (Torat Habayit Haaruch 28a) explains that Rav's distinction depended on whether the food was of Biblical concern or rabbinic. Finally, the Ran Avoda Zara 16a s.v. chavit says that if there was a concern that the food itself would be non-kosher two seals are necessary but if the concern if only if non-kosher was mixed in or that it is only a rabbinic concern one seal is sufficient. Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:1 adopts the explanation of the Rashba. Shach 118:3 agrees.</ref>
#The Rabbis established that it is not permitted to (buy and) eat any meat that a non-Jew has in their possession, even if all the meat stores and slaughterhouses in the area are Kosher. This is even true if it is known that the non-Jew bought the meat from a Jew, because of ''Basar Shenitalem Min Haayin''.<ref>Shach Y.D. 118:5, Chochmat Adam Klal 27:12</ref> However, there are some that disagree with the last point, and believe that if it is known that the non-Jew bought the meat originally from a Jew, then it is okay to (buy and) eat it, if there was no way for the non-Jew to switch the meat.<ref>see the Shach Y.D. 118:5 who quotes the Levush who is Meikil</ref>
#Ashkenazim hold that after the fact anything sent by a non-Jew only needs one seal.<ref>Tosfot Avoda Zara 31a s.v. damar quotes Rabbenu Tam as holding that for a non-Jew one seal is sufficient two seals are only necessary for a non-religious Jew. Ramban Avoda Zara 31a s.v. umafteach and Rashba 31a s.v. echad disagree with Rabbenu Tam. Ramban argues that the Rif and Bahag agree with him. Meiri 31a implies that the majority don't follow Rabbenu Tam. Nemukei Yosef Avoda Zara 31a cites Rabbenu Tam. Raah 31a distinguishes between food left in the property of a non-Jew that requires two seals but not if it is in the property of a Jew. Rama 118:1 follows the Rabbenu Tam after the fact based on the Iser Vheter 22:11. However, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:1 rejects the opinion of Rabbenu Tam. Kaf Hachaim 118:21 writes that Rabbenu Tam isn't accepted even for a major loss but it could be used for a factor to be lenient together with other reasons.</ref>
#It is okay to buy (Kosher) meat from a non-Jewish vendor if the vendor makes sure to sell them with the proper double-seal from the Jewish distributors, given that this type of double-seal is well-known.<ref>Iggrot Moshe Y.D. 1:56</ref> Rabbi Moshe Feinstein explains that if the store owner switched the meat and forged the double-seal of the Kosher butcher, then he would miss out on selling the pieces of Kosher meat for a more expensive price.<ref>Iggrot Moshe Y.D. 1:56</ref>
#Putting two letters across the seal of a package is sufficient to classify as two seals.<ref>Ran Avoda Zara 11a, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:3</ref>
#A seal and a lock is like two seals, but one lock isn't even like one seal.<ref>Ran Avoda Zara 11a, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:4</ref>
 
===Hired Delivery Man===
 
#If a delivery man, non-Jewish or Jewish but not religious, is hired by a store he can be trusted to honestly delivery the food and not switch the food since he is afraid of loosing his job if he were found to be switching the food.<ref>Shevet Hakehati 3:228 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Yalkut YosefIsur Vheter v. 1 p. 139</ref>
 
==Kosher Food Left with a Non-Jew==
 
#Some rishonim hold that only a delivery needs two seals but if someone left kosher food with a non-Jew one seal is sufficient. After the fact this opinion can be relied upon for a great loss.<ref>Tosfot Avoda Zara 31a s.v. damar write that one seal is enough if someone left kosher food with a non-Jew and turns to find it the same as he left it. Ran Avoda Zara 11a favors the opinion of Tosfot but he notes that the Rif, Rambam, and Bahag disagree with this approach. Pri Chadash 118:14 accepts Tosfot as primary. Shulchan Aruch 118:1 quotes the majority opinion as anonymous and Tosfot as an individual opinion. Kaf Hachaim 118:17 writes that for a great loss we could rely on Tosfot.</ref>
 
==Kosher Pots Left with a Non-Jew==
 
#A person shouldn't leave kosher pots with a non-Jew otherwise there is a concern that they used the kosher pots for non-kosher food.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama Y.D. 122:9</ref> To avoid this issue one could either
##leave for less than 18 minutes or not let the non-Jew know that you are leaving for more than 18 minutes and they think you might return at any moment,<ref>Shach 122:9</ref>
##designate pots for the non-Jew so that they can use their own pots and won't have to use the kosher pots.<ref>Tosfot Avoda Zara 12a s.v. vshadi writes that we're not concerned that the non-Jew will intentionally take something from a Jew unless he stands to benefit. Minchat Asher YD 2:51 s.v. vnireh writes if a non-Jew has pots designated for them we can assume that they used those and there's no concern that they used the kosher pots that they were not supposed to use.</ref>
#After the fact if one left one's kosher pots with a non-Jew such as with a maid for more than 18 minutes the kosher might have been made non-Kosher. As such one shouldn't use them for 24 hours but afterwards one can use them without kashering them.<ref>Rama 122:9, Igrot Moshe 1:61</ref> Other poskim hold that after the fact the pots can be used immediately.<ref>Minchat Asher YD 2:51</ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Kashrut]]
[[Category:Kashrut]]
{{Kashrut}}

Latest revision as of 18:58, 23 August 2024

General

  1. According to Torah law, any time a piece of meat is found and one is unsure whether it is kosher or not, one may rely on the majority. If the majority of butchers in town sell kosher meat, then one may presume that it is kosher. However, the Rabbis forbade any piece of meat that wasn't kept in sight of a Jew. There are a few exceptions to this rabbinic prohibition.[1]
  2. If a piece of kosher meat left one's eyesight, then it is presumed to be non-kosher unless it has a unique identifying mark, one recognizes its look, and one is certain that it is the same piece of meat. Alternatively, if it was wrapped and sealed then it's ok. [2]

Nowadays

  1. The Ashkenazic minhag is that anytime one leaves a piece of meat and finds it in the same place that one left it, it is presumed to be kosher. [3]
  2. For Sephardim, if one left meat in one's house, and one's windows are closed so that the birds can't come in, or if the meat was covered and remained covered, it is kosher. [4]

Buying Meat From Non-Jews

  1. The Rabbis established that it is not permitted to (buy and) eat any meat that a non-Jew has in their possession, even if all the meat stores and slaughterhouses in the area are Kosher. This is even true if it is known that the non-Jew bought the meat from a Jew, because of Basar Shenitalem Min Haayin.[5] However, there are some that disagree with the last point, and believe that if it is known that the non-Jew bought the meat originally from a Jew, then it is okay to (buy and) eat it, if there was no way for the non-Jew to switch the meat.[6]
  2. It is okay to buy (Kosher) meat from a non-Jewish vendor if the vendor makes sure to sell them with the proper double-seal from the Jewish distributors, given that this type of double-seal is well-known.[7] Rabbi Moshe Feinstein explains that if the store owner switched the meat and forged the double-seal of the Kosher butcher, then he would miss out on selling the pieces of Kosher meat for a more expensive price.[8]

Sources

  1. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1
  2. ↑ Shulchan Aruch YD 63:1, Yalkut Yosef YD 63:2
  3. ↑ Rama YD 63:2 writes that the minhag is to assume that as long as the piece of meat is in the same place as it was earlier, it is the same piece of kosher meat. Be'er Heitiv YD 63:6 cites a dispute between the Shach who follows the Rama and the Taz who is even more lenient. Aruch HaShulchan YD 63:9 also rules like the Rama.
  4. ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 63:1
  5. ↑ Shach Y.D. 118:5, Chochmat Adam Klal 27:12
  6. ↑ see the Shach Y.D. 118:5 who quotes the Levush who is Meikil
  7. ↑ Iggrot Moshe Y.D. 1:56
  8. ↑ Iggrot Moshe Y.D. 1:56
Category Topics
Bishul Akum - Checking for Bugs - Gelatin - Kosher Food without Kosher Supervision - Kosher Food Packaging for Deliveries - Kosher Food Left with a Non-Jew - Koshering a Kitchen - Kashering for Pesach - Kosher in the Workplace - Medications - Pat Palter - Selling Non-Kosher Foods - Serving Guests - Sharp Foods - Shechitah (Kosher Slaughter) - Tevilat Keilim - Tzaar Baalei Chayim - Yashan
Meat and Milk
Dairy Bread - Eating Dairy and Meat at the Same Table - Kosher Cheese - Kosher Milk (Chalav Yisrael) - Milk and Meat in the Kitchen - Non-Dairy Milk - Waiting between Meat and Milk
Principles of Kashrut
Items That Cannot Be Nullified - Transferring Taste - Nullification - Zeh Vzeh Gorem - Trusting Others for Kashrut
Shechitah
Shechitah_(Kosher_Slaughter) - Who_Can_Be_a_Shochet - The_Shechitah_Knife - Modern_Day_Industrial_Shechitah - Glatt Kosher Meat - Kashering Meat
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