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| | #REDIRECT [[Eruv Chatzerot]] |
| To permit carrying in a courtyard, community, or town, an eruv chatzerot is necessary. The eruv consists of 3 parts: 1) Walls or halachic partitions surrounding the desired area, 2) Renting access from the non-Jewish residents, and 3) A communally owned deposit of food. This article describes how to practically set up your very own Eruv Chatzerot in order to allow carrying on Shabbat in your area. For rabbis there is an obligation to set up an eruv in the community to allow to carry and avoid a violation of Shabbat.<ref>Rosh quoted in S”A, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:1</ref>
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| ==The Walls or Halachic Partitions==
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| # As long an area can be determined not to be a public domain on a Biblical level, an eruv using tzurot hapetach, entranceways made with two polls and a lentil as thin as a string on top, suffice. <ref>Rav Hershel Schacter in "[[Introduction to the Modern Eruv]]"</ref> | |
| # See Rav Hershel Schachter's article on [[Introduction to the Modern Eruv]] and the [[Hotzah]] page for details about how to create the tzurat hapetach and the definitions of the 4 halachic domains.
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| ==Renting access from non-Jews==
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| # In order to create an eruv to permit carrying it is necessary to rent the area of the non-Jewish residents as long as there are 2 or more Jews in the area.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 382:1</ref>
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| # It is possible to rent a non-Jew's area for the purposes of eruv chatzerot by renting it from his worker.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C 382:11</ref>
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| # (For example, in an apartment building it is sufficient to go to the superintendent to pay a nominal amount in order to rent the hallways and lobby of the building.) NEEDS SOURCE <ref>oral communication with Rav Schachter</ref>
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| ==Communally Owned Food==
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| # The purpose of the jointly owned food is to indicate that it is as though everyone who owns a share of the food was living in one area.<ref>Gemara Eruvin 49a, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:6</ref> In order to create a community eruv food of the size of 6 or 8 Kebaytzim suffices.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:8</ref> Traditionally people use a box of Matzahs since that lasts a very long time.<ref>Rama 368:5. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/803011/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Eiruvei_Chatzeiros Rav Hershel Schachter ("Eiruvei Chatzeiros," min 2-4) on yutorah.org] explains that a box of matzah is traditionally used for the eruv chatzerot and it works even for Sephardim who would make mezonot since it can be hamotzei if eaten as a meal. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/803011/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Eiruvei_Chatzeiros Rav Hershel Schachter ("Eiruvei Chatzeiros," min 8-9) on yutorah.org] states that one box of matzahs probably has 8 Kebaytzim but if you think that's not enough then have 2 boxes of matzah.</ref>
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| # The food should be given as a gift to the entire community with the following procedure:
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| ## The box of matzahs should be handed to a Jewish adult to whom the giver is unrelated<ref>Mishna Eruvin 79b, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:7</ref> in order that the recipient acquire it on behalf of the Jews living in the community, including those who will move into the community from that point until the next Pesach.<ref>Tosfot Eruvin says that a guest who isn't living in a community for more than 30 days doesn’t need to participate in the shituf eruv for the chatzerot.</ref>
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| ## The recipient should raise the box of matzahs a Tefach.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:6</ref>
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| ## After handing the box of matzahs to the recipient on behalf of the community, the giver who is creating the eruv should take the matzahs and recite the bracha of 'Asher Kideshanu B'mitzvotav V'tzivanu Al Mitzvat Eruv' is recited<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:6</ref>, however, this is only if one is certain that one absolutely needs an eruv chatzerot.
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| ## Then he should stipulate that the box of matzah should serve as the eruv in order to permit carrying in that particular domain, with the following language: בהדין עירובא יהא שרי לנא לאפוקי ולעיולי מן הבתים לחצר ומן החצר לבתים ומבית לבית לכל ישראל הדרים בבתים שבחצר הזה.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:6</ref>
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| ## It is necessary to repeat this process each pesach and should be recreated the Shabbat during Pesach.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:11</ref>
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| # The food must be accessible on Shabbat to the Jewish people for whom the eruv serves. Additionally, it should be publicized where the food is accessible.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:10</ref> According to Ashkenazim, it is common to place the eruv in the shul<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 94:24</ref>, however, according to Sephardim it should be placed in a person's house.<ref>Eruv KeHilchato (Rabbi Avraham Ades, p. 164)</ref>
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| ## For example, in an apartment building it is should be known that the box of matzahs are stored in a certain apartment and when that person is away for shabbat, it should still be accessible such as by leaving the key with another tenant in the building.<Ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/803011/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Eiruvei_Chatzeiros Rav Hershel Schachter ("Eiruvei Chatzeiros," min 3-4) on yutorah.org]</ref>
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| # If the food is eaten in the middle of Shabbat, it is still permitted to carry for that Shabbat, but the food must be replaced for the next Shabbat.<ref>Mishna Brurah 368:16</ref>
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| ==Carrying within a Building==
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| # If a person lives in an apartment building with other Jewish, an eruv chatzerot is necessary in order to carry within the building on Shabbat.<ref>Eruv KeHilchato (Rabbi Avraham Ades, p. 149)</ref>
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| # Some say that if students live in a dorm with other Jewish students and everyone eats together in the cafeteria, an eruv chatzerot isn't necessary in order to carry in the dorms on Shabbat.<ref>Avnei Yishfeh O.C. 5:73</ref>
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| # If a person visits a hotel for a Shabbat, some say that an eruv chatzerot isn't necessary in order to carry in the hotel on Shabbat, while others require it.<ref>[http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/501/the-travelers-halachic-guide-to-hotels/ Rav Tzvi Goldberg on star.org] writes that Igros Moshe 1:141 permits carrying without an eruv chatzeiros in a hotel, while the Dvar Avraham 3:30 argues. For a short summary of the topic see [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/795045/Rabbi_Chaim_Eisenstein/Halacha_from_the_Daily_Daf--Eruvin_85-86-_Is_an_Eruvei_Chatzeiros_Necessary_in_a_Hotel- Rabbi Eisenstein's shiur on yutorah.org].</ref>
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| ==Sources==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Shabbat]]
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