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There is a positive commandment to set up a mezuzah on every doorpost.<ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot Positive Commandment 15, Sefer HaChinuch Mitzvah 423, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 11:1 from Devarim 6:9 and 11:20. Shulchan Aruch YD 285:1, Chayei Adam 15:13, Aruch Hashulchan 285:2 say that one should be very meticulous with this mitzva.</ref> A person who is careful with this mitzvah merits a long life and the house is protected.<ref>Tur YD 285 writes based on the pasuk that follows in Parashat Ekev, 11:21, that one who is meticulous in this mitzva merits long life. Bach YD 285 and Aruch Hashulchan YD 285:3 write that a house with a mezuzah has extra protection. Shabbat 23b states that someone who is careful with mezuzah merits to have a nice house.</ref> Even though the mezuzah affords a person protection he shouldn't put it up for that reason; he should do it because that is Hashem's will.<ref>Rosh end of Hilchot Mezuzah</ref> The details as to which doorways, how the mezuzah should be placed, and the bracha are described below.
There is a positive commandment to set up a mezuzah on every doorpost. <ref> Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot Positive Commandment 15, Sefer HaChinuch Mitzvah 423
 
==How to Put Up a Mezuzah==
===Preparing the Klaf===
 
#The klaf should be rolled from left to right. It should be rolled tightly so that the klaf almost but doesn't actually cover the word שדי on the outside of the klaf.<ref>Agur Bohalecha 1:8</ref>
#The klaf should be wrapped well, usually with saran wrap or the like, so that it doesn't get ruined by the elements.<ref>Agur Bohalecha 1:10</ref>
#It is proper that the klaf should be positions so that the שדי is facing outward towards the opposite doorpost.<ref>Agur Bohalecha 1:33</ref>
 
See the [[Acquiring and Maintaining Stam]
==Women==
==Women==
# Women are obligated in mezuzah. <ref> Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 5:10, Shulchan Aruch YD 291:3, Schach 291:4 based on gemara in Kiddushin 34a which says that since women can also use the reward of long life the mitzva applies to them as well. </ref>
# There is a discussion among the poskim if women can ideally place the mezuzot. <ref> Shevet Halevi 2:158:3, Kinyan Torah 2:58 and Chovat Hadar 9:3 write that women can put them up even ideally. Beer Moshe 2:100 and 6:79:5 as well as Teshuvot vihanhagot 4:238:6 write that if she did so it need not be removed but ideally a man should put it up. </ref>


#Women are obligated in mezuzah. <ref>The Gemara Kiddushin 34a explains that since women can also use the reward of long life, written next to the parsha of mezuzah, the mitzvah of mezuzah also applies to them. The same appears in Yoma 11b. This is codified by the Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 5:10, Shulchan Aruch YD 291:3, and Shach 291:4. </ref>
==References==
#There is a discussion among the poskim if women can ideally place the [[mezuzot]]. Many poskim write that it is even ideal for women to put up the [[mezuzot]]. <ref>[[Shevet Halevi]] 2:158:3, Kinyan Torah 2:58 and Chovat Hadar 9:3 write that women can put them up even ideally. Rav Hershel Schachter (Be'ikvei HaTzon p. 9) writes that the halacha follows the opinion that says women may put up [[mezuzot]]. Beer Moshe 2:100 and 6:79:5 as well as Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:238:6 write that it is ideal for a man to put up the [[mezuzot]], however, if a women did put them up, it need not be removed. </ref>
<references/>
 
==Children==
 
#Ideally, a child should not place the mezuzah on a doorpost. <ref>Tzitz Eliezer 14:75, Chanoch Lanaar 35:4 </ref> Sephardim hold that the child should put up the mezuzah for his doorway and when he becomes bar mitzvah'ed it should be taken down, checked, and put up again with a bracha.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 285:15</ref>
#The doorway to a child's room should have a mezuzah for chinuch.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 291:3</ref>
#In a room where the baby is changed if the mezuzah is on the inside of the door it should be covered.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sovah Semachot v. 1 ch. Mekomot Hachayvim Bmezuzah no. 39)</ref>
#Even though it is technically permitted to have a child potty in a room with a mezuzah since the mezuzah is covered and above 10 tefachim it isn't proper to do so.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 285:7</ref>
 
==Moving==
 
#If a person is moving and another Jew is moving in one must leave them your mezuzot.<ref>Bava Metsia 101b-102a, Rambam Tefillin 5:11, Shulchan Aruch YD 291:2.</ref> The reasoning is that you shouldn't remove mezuzot is because they are used to serve to protect the house from harm and taking them indicates that you don't care about those moving in<ref>Tosfot Shabbat 22a s.v. rav. The Rishon Letzion 291:1 explains that whenever one leaves a house that was obligated in mezuzah, the demons move in and will damage the next tenant. Even though the next tenant will put up his own mezuzah, that doesn't remove the demons sufficiently. However, before anyone ever lived in the house, the demons don't enter.</ref> or that mezuzot represent that the divine presence resides in the home and that isn't something one should remove.<ref>Ritva Bava Metsia 102a s.v. lo</ref>
#The one moving can charge the next tenant to pay for the mezuzot<ref>Rama Y.D. 291:2. Birkei Yosef 291:4 notes that the Rabbenu Manoach, the source for the Rama, wrote that it is good for the new tenant to pay for the mezuzot but they don't have to. However, the language of the Rama 291:2 is that it is required. He notes, though, that the Ritva and Rabbenu Yonatan (Shita Mikubeset b"m 102a) who write the next tenant owes the money and in fact the Ritva meyuchasot holds that if the new tenant doesn't want to pay the previous tenant can take his mezuzot with him.</ref>, but even if he isn't willing to pay one still shouldn't take down the mezuzot.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan YD 291:3, Igrot Moshe YD 4:44, Igrot Vreishmot Hakehilat Yakov v. 5 p. 287. Agur Bohalecha is lenient. Ritva meyuchasot b"m 102a writes that if the new tenant doesn't want to pay he can take the mezuzot with him, but according to Rabbenu Manoach the new tenant doesn't actually have to pay but it is good for him to pay.</ref>
#It is permitted to switch more mehudar mezuzot with less kosher mezuzot. It is better to have them checked before switching them.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=37191&st=&pgnum=32 Daat Kedoshim 291:2]. Yabia Omer YD 3:18 and Hamezuzah VeHilchata p. 127 hold like the Daat Kedoshim. See Igrot Moshe YD 4:44 who doesn’t offer this solution. Teshuvot Vehanahgot 1:549 isn't sure if it is permitted. He quotes from the Chazon Ish who advised not switching more mehudar mezuzot for less mehudar mezuzot when leaving a house. He is lenient, however, to switch the mezuzot after leaving and the new tenant moved in. Then one can offer the tenant to either pay for the more mehudar mezuzot or to just pay for the less mehudar mezuzot and switch the mezuzot.</ref>
#There is an opinion that you may take down the mezuzot if you're going to put them up in another house, however, that opinion isn't accepted as the halacha.<ref>Chida in Birkei Yosef YD 291:2 writes that according to one answer of Tosfot one can take the mezuzot with you if you'll put it up right away, but according to the Ritva you can't. He says that we hold that one shouldn't take them down even if you'll put them up in another house right away, yet in an extenuating circumstance where you can't find mezuzot to buy for the new house you can take down the mezuzot. Aruch Hashulchan 291:3 cites this but is hesitant about it.</ref>
#There is what to rely upon to take down the mezuzah if it is going to be painted before the next tenant moves in so that they don’t get ruined.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 4:44 quoting Rav Henkin. See Agur Bohalecha 40:12 who seems to disagree and establishes says that after painting one has to put up the mezuzot again.</ref>
#If the house is going to be closed up and no one is going to move in afterwards for the foreseeable future one can take one's mezuzot.<ref>Pri Megadim M"Z 15:2</ref>
#If someone has a door which he used to use and decides never to use that door again, some hold it is exempt,<ref>Agur Bohalecha 24:14</ref> while most hold it is obligated.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 286:38, Igrot Moshe YD 1:177</ref> If that room has another door and one decides not to use one of the doors ever again, some of the poskim who are strict in the first case agree here that it is exempt.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe YD 1:177</ref>
 
==Links==
 
*[http://www.aish.com/jl/m/48948731.html Mezuzah] on aish.com
*[https://www.vaadmhk.org/topics/mezuzah/ Halachos of Mezuzah] on www.vaadmhk.org
 
==Sources==
<references />
[[Category:Ritual Practices]]
[[Category:Safrut]]

Revision as of 19:23, 18 January 2013

Mezuzah2.jpg

There is a positive commandment to set up a mezuzah on every doorpost. [1]

Which doorposts require a mezuzah

  1. Every door of one's house is obligated in mezuzah. Even if a room has several doorways, each one is obligated in having a mezuzah, unless a room has one doorway that is used for entering and exiting and one entrances that isn't used for entering or exiting except that it is used sometimes to put packages down there, then the entrance not used for entering or exiting isn't obligated in having a mezuzah. [2]
  2. The doorway to a courtyard or city is obligated in having a mezuzah. [3]
  3. The doorpost of a cellar that is lying flat on the ground is not obligated in having a mezuzah. [4]
  4. It is a machlokes whether or not the doorway leading into an elevator requires a mezuzah. [5]

How the mezuzah should be placed

  1. The mezuzah should be put up on the doorpost which is to one's right upon one's entering the room. [6] This is true for a left handed person as well. [7]
  2. The mezuzah should be placed at the beginning of the upper third of the height of the doorway [8] but it should be placed at least a Tefach from the top of the doorway. [9] If it is not in the top third it isn't kosher. [10]
  3. While Sephardim place the mezuzah straight up[11], Ashkenazim place it on a slant, with the top towards the inside and the bottom towards the outside. [12]
  4. The mezuzah should be placed on the outer tefach of the doorpost. [13]
  5. One may put up a mezuzah at night.[14]
  6. Ideally, a child should not place the mezuzah on a doorpost. [15]

Having one's Mezuzot checked

  1. One should have one's Mezuzot checked by a sofer twice in seven years, or once in every three and a half years, and it is a pious practice to check them every year during Elul.[16]
  2. If one's mezuzah became wet one should check it immediately.[17]

The Bracha on putting up a Mezuzah

  1. Before putting up a mezuzah one should recite the bracha of "Asher Kideshanu Bemizvotav vetzivanu likboah Mezuzah" - " אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו לקבוע מזוזה" . [18] If one puts up several mezuzot at one time one bracha suffices for all of them. [19] In a situation like this one should be careful not to make a hefsek (pause) between mezuzot by talking. [20] If one did speak some poskim would require you to say a new beracha. [21]
  2. A shehecheyanu isn't recited when putting up a mezuzah on the doorpost. [22]
  3. If a mezuzah fell down and one is putting it up again one must recite a bracha before putting it up again. [23]
  4. If one took down one's Mezuzot in order to have them checked by the sofer and they were found to be kosher, one should put them back up with a Bracha of Lekvoh Mezuzah.[24] If one checks the mezuzah by himself, he need not say a new beracha. [25] If a mezuzah was found to be not kosher, then a beracha is recited when it is replaced with a kosher one. [26]
  5. However, if one took down one's Mezuzah just to put it in a nicer case, one doesn't need to make a new Bracha when putting it up unless it was taken down for several hours so that one stopped thinking about the Mezuzah.[27]
  6. When replacing the mezuzot, a new beracha is recited. [28]

Proper behavior when passing mezuzah

  1. When one leaves one's house should kiss the mezuzah to remind one of the unity of Hashem, as discussed below. There are different opinions as to how exactly one should behave when passing a mezuzah. [29]
  2. When one enters or exits a room one should think about the unity of Hashem, our love for Hashem, and be awakened from the slumber of the vanities of the world. One should think that there's nothing that last forever except knowledge of Hashem, and immediately this will help a person follow the proper path. [30]
  3. One should be very careful with the mitzvah of mezuzah because it is a mitzvah that applies to everyone always. [31]

Women

  1. Women are obligated in mezuzah. [32]
  2. There is a discussion among the poskim if women can ideally place the mezuzot. [33]

References

  1. ↑ Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot Positive Commandment 15, Sefer HaChinuch Mitzvah 423, Kitzur S"A 11:1 from Devarim 6:9 and 11:20. Shulchan Aruch YD 285:1, Chayei Adam 5:13, Aruch Hashulchan 285:2 say that one should be very meticulous with this mitzva. Tur YD 285 writes based on the pasuk that follows in Parashat Ekev, 11:21, that one who is meticulous in this mitzva merits long life. Bach YD 285 and Aruch Hashulchan YD 285:3 write that a house with a mezuzah has extra protection.
  2. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:1
  3. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:2
  4. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:20
  5. ↑ Rav Zilberstein (Tuvcha Yabiu -Hilchos Shecheinim 34) says that even if the elevator itself is not 4 by 4 amos- the doorpost from the hallway that leads into the elevator requires a mezuzah. However, Rav Moshe Stern (Be'er Moshe 2:88) says that no matter what an elevator will never require a mezuzah.
  6. ↑ Gemara Menachot 33b, Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 6:12, Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Aruch Hashulchan 289:5, Taz 289:3, Levush 289:2, Aruch Hashulchan 289:5, Kitzur S"A 11:3.
  7. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:3, Mordechai Halachot Ketanot 962, Bach 289:5, Shach 289:5, Levush 289:2, Chayei Adam 15:17, Aruch Hashulchan 289:5, Kuntres Hamezuzah page 102:footnote 22.
  8. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:5, Rashi Menachot 33a “bitechila,” Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 6:12, Tur 289, Prisha 289:6, Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Levush 289:2, Chayei Adam 15:17, Pitchei Mezuzahs 289:24, Chovat Hadar 8:2:4, Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:539. see Yabea Omer YD 2:21 where Chacham Ovadia Yosef quotes poskim who say that if it was placed higher than the beginning of the top third it should be moved without a beracha to there, but himself disagrees.
  9. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:5, Tur 289, Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Levush 289:2
  10. ↑ Beit Yosef 289, Shach 289:4, Taz 289:3.
  11. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 289:6, Ben Ish Chai Ki Tavo Year 2 Halacha 7 based on Rashi Menachot 33a “pesula.” This was also the minhag of the Gr"a (Biurei Hagra 289:14. also see Orchos Rabbeinu 1:page 378:27)
  12. ↑ Rama 289:6, Levush 289:6, Chayei Adam 15:19, Minchas Elazar 1:36:1, Pitchei Mezuzahs 289:57, Chovat Hadar 9:footnote 20. Chovat Hadar 9:footnote 20 explains that the reason for this is that the opinion of Rashi says if you place it sideways it is not kosher, while Rabbienu Tam Menachot 33a "hu" holds that if it is straight up it is not kosher, so Ashkenazim try to fulfill the mitzva according to both opinions.
  13. ↑ Gemara Menachot 32b, Tur 289, Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Levush 289:2, Chayei Adam 15:17, Aruch Hashulchan 289:9. Taz 289:3 writes that the mezuzah is still kosher if the mezuzah isn't on the outer tefach.
  14. ↑ Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comment on Kitzur S"A 11:10), Ben Ish Chai Parashat Ki Tavo Year 2: Halacha 4, Shevet Hakehati 1:277, Mezuzat Baitecha 289:6, Rivevot Ephraim 7:369.
  15. ↑ Tzitz Eliezer 14:75, Chanoch Lanaar 35:4
  16. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:25, Yalkut Yosef YD 285:92
  17. ↑ Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comment on Kitzur S"A 11:22)
  18. ↑ Gemara Menachot 42b, Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 5:7, Kitzur S"A 11:7, Aruch Hashulchan 289:3
  19. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:7, Aruch Hashulchan YD 289:4, Shevet Ha’Levi 6:160, Rivevot Ephraim 3:508, Az Nidberu 3:61
  20. ↑ Mezuzat Baitecha 289:6, Rivevot Ephraim 2:29:21, Pitchei Mezuzat 289:10, Kuntres Hamezuzah 289:8
  21. ↑ Chovat Hadar 11:9, Kuntres Hamezuzah 289:8. Mikdash Miat 289:6 and Birchot Habayis 59:1 disagree.
  22. ↑ Chovat Hadar 11:2, Mezuzat Baitecha 289:3
  23. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:7, Beer Moshe 6:6, Chovat Hadar 11:15:footnote 29, Kuntres Hamezuzah 289:7, Avnei Yashfei 1:207:3-4, Rivevos Ephraim 2:28:5. Orchos Rabbeinu 3:page 178:38 however, disagrees.
  24. ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 285:93 writes that one should recite a bracha if they were taken down to be checked by a sofer, while the Kitzur S"A 11:7 writes that there's a doubt if one should make a bracha if a mezuzah was taken down to check it.
  25. ↑ Ben Ish Chai Parashat Ki Tavo Year 2 Halacha 8, Pitchei Teshuva 289:1, Aruch Hashulchan 289:4, Chovat Hadar 11:14
  26. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:3,5, Rivevot Ephraim 1:19, Beer Moshe 2:92:13, Kuntres Hamezuzah 289:6, Chovat Hador 11:11:footnote 20, Yabea Omer YD 3:17
  27. ↑ Yalkut Yosef YD 285:94
  28. ↑ Maharam Shik YD 285, Rivevot Ephraim 7:239, Beer Moshe 2:92, Avnei Yashfei 1:207:1, Doleh Umashke page 275:footnote 69 quoting Rav Elyashiv and Rav Nissim Karelitz.
  29. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:24. The Chazon Ish looked at the mezuzah without kissing it when he passed by one (Orchos Rabbeinu 3:page 164:2).
  30. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:23
  31. ↑ Kitzur S"A 11:23
  32. ↑ Rambam Hilchot Mezuzah 5:10, Shulchan Aruch YD 291:3, Schach 291:4 based on gemara in Kiddushin 34a which says that since women can also use the reward of long life the mitzva applies to them as well.
  33. ↑ Shevet Halevi 2:158:3, Kinyan Torah 2:58 and Chovat Hadar 9:3 write that women can put them up even ideally. Beer Moshe 2:100 and 6:79:5 as well as Teshuvot vihanhagot 4:238:6 write that if she did so it need not be removed but ideally a man should put it up.
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