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Cleaning clothing on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Laundering garments is a subsection of Bleaching, [[Melaben]] (one of the 39 principle Shabbos Labors). While laundering usually entails the use of water and/or cleaning agents, removing dirt from a garment even without these may also fall under the halachic prohibition of laundering. | Laundering garments is a subsection of Bleaching, [[Melaben]] (one of the 39 principle Shabbos Labors). While laundering usually entails the use of water and/or cleaning agents, removing dirt from a garment even without these may also fall under the halachic prohibition of laundering. | ||
==Removing dust or dirt particles from a garment== | ==Removing dust or dirt particles from a garment== | ||
# If one’s garment became dusty on [[Shabbat]], if one isn’t concerned about the dust on the garment (and would wear it without cleaning it) one may gently shake it out, or gently hit it with one’s hand or dry rag, but one may not shake it out vigorously, rub it, or use a brush.<ref>Rav Huna | # If one’s garment became dusty on [[Shabbat]], if one isn’t concerned about the dust on the garment (and would wear it without cleaning it) one may gently shake it out, or gently hit it with one’s hand or dry rag, but one may not shake it out vigorously, rub it, or use a brush.<ref> | ||
* '''Gemara and Rishonim:''' Rav Huna (Gemara [[Shabbat]] 147a) says that one who shakes out his garment has committed a Biblical violation of [[Shabbat]]. The Gemara limits this one who shakes out a black new garment which one is concerned about. Rashi (s.v. Hamenaer) explains that there is a Biblical prohibition of [[Melabain]] (laundering) to shake out the garment from the dust that was on it, whereas, Tosfot (s.v. Hamenaer) argues that shaking out dust isn’t laundering. Tosfot, therefore, explains that the Gemara means there is a Biblical prohibition to shake out a garment from the dew which was it. Similarly, the Ritva (s.v. Amar) argues on Rashi that because he says that [[Melabain]] (laundering) isn't relevant if there's no liquids involved. Biur Halacha D”H Yesh quotes the Shiltei Giborim who asks how Tosfot could permit shaking dust out of a garment if one intends to clean it even though no liquids are used. The Biur Halacha answers that Tosfot only permitted shaking it out without cleaning it directly, however, all agree that rubbing it with one’s hand to clean it is forbidden. | |||
* '''Halacha for Ashkenazim:''' The S”A 302:1 sides with Tosfot that there is a prohibition to shake out a garment from dew that was on it, but there is no prohibition to shake out a garment from dust that was on it. The Rama, however, writes that it’s proper to be concerned for the opinion of Rashi not to shake out a garment from the dust on it. Mishna Brurah 302:6 writes that one may rely on the lenient opinion to ask a non-Jew to do it. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:28 rules like the Rama and Mishna Brurah that one may not shake out a garment from the dust on it, however, if it is a garment which one doesn't usually care about having dust on it, one may shake off the dust gently. He explains that one who shakes off the dust vigorously reveals that he is concerned about the dust. He adds that hitting it gently with one’s hand or a dry rag is the equivalent of shaking it out. | |||
* '''Halacha for Sephardim:''' Yalkut Yosef 302:11 rules like S"A and permits shaking out a garment to remove the dust from it. Or Letzion (vol 2, 24:1), however, writes that we are concerned for the opinion of Rashi and the Rama and so one should only shake out a garment from the dust that's on it if one does so in an abnormal manner, such as if one uses one's sleeve. Ben Ish Chai (Shana Sheniya Vayechi 8) and Kaf HaChaim 302:8 agree with those who are strict for the Rama. | |||
* More on the background of the issue: | * More on the background of the issue: | ||
* There is a dispute among the Rishonim whether or not removing dust or other dirt particles from a garment is considered Laundering. Some hold that removing any speck of dirt from a garment, even if it is not absorbed into the fabric of the garment but is merely lying on its surface [like a feather or a loose thread], is Biblically forbidden since the garment is being transformed from "dirty" to "clean." (Sefer Ha-Zichronos, quoted by Magen Avraham 302:4) | * There is a dispute among the Rishonim whether or not removing dust or other dirt particles from a garment is considered Laundering. Some hold that removing any speck of dirt from a garment, even if it is not absorbed into the fabric of the garment but is merely lying on its surface [like a feather or a loose thread], is Biblically forbidden since the garment is being transformed from "dirty" to "clean." (Sefer Ha-Zichronos, quoted by Magen Avraham 302:4) | ||
