Bots, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Suppressors, Administrators, wiki-admin, wiki-controller, wiki-editor, wiki-reader
1,653
edits
Seudat Purim: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→Combining the Purim Seuda and Shabbat Meal (Pores Mapa Umekadesh)
MordechaiD (talk | contribs) (→Sources: yalkut yosef link, double column sources) |
|||
| (19 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Exceptions== | ==Exceptions== | ||
# It is improper to fast on [[Purim]] unless it is a fast for a nightmare. <ref> Rama 695:2 </ref> | # It is improper to fast on [[Purim]] unless it is a fast for a nightmare. <ref> Rama 695:2 </ref> | ||
==When should one eat Seudat Purim?== | ==When Does One Eat the Seudat Purim When Purim Falls out on Friday?== | ||
# Many Ashkenazim have the minhag to eat the meal after [[mincha]] but they should be careful to have majority of the meal during the day, while many Sephardim have the minhag to eat the meal in the morning.<ref> | # If Purim falls on a Friday a person should have the meal in the morning<ref>Rama O.C. 695:2 writes that if Purim is on Friday one should have the meal before Chatzot in honor of Shabbat. This is based on the Minhagim (R' Tirna, Purim) who explains that it should be in the morning because it shouldn't be done after mincha and be done between mincha and maariv on Friday afternoon. Mishna Brurah 695:10, Or Letzion 4:60:1, Torat Hamoadim 11:6, and Yalkut Yosef (Bet Yosef edition, 5776, p. 220, 695:7) agree. Mishna Brurah 695:10 writes that after the fact one can still have the meal afterwards. Yosef Ometz 1104 writes that one should have the majority of the meal in the morning so that it doesn't impact the honor of Shabbat. Aruch Hashulchan 249:7 however implies that it isn't necessary. As long as one starts before midday it is permitted to continue even if one knew in advance that it was going to go into the afternoon.</ref> but if he didn't he can have it after midday (Chatzot) until the beginning of the tenth halachic hour (which is a half hour before Mincha Ketana). After the fact, if he didn't have it until the end of the day he should still have the meal then.<ref>Torat Hamoadim 11:6 adds that if one didn't have the meal before Chatzot one should do so before a half hour before Mincha Ketana and if one didn't do so one can still have the meal until the end of the day.</ref> Some say that it is permitted to have the meal after midday until the beginning of the tenth hour.<Ref>[http://www.torahweb.org/torah/docs/rsch/RavSchachter-Corona-56-January-31-2021.pdf Rav Schachter (Corona teshuva 56)] writes that the Rama 695:2 opinion that one should have the purim seuda in the morning is a chumra and not necessary. It only needs to take place before the beginning of the tenth hour. He compares it to Rama 639:3 and Shaar Hatziyun.</ref> | ||
* Rama 695:2 writes that the minhag is to eat the meal after [[mincha]], but one should ensure that majority of the meal is eaten during the day. Rabbi Willig (“Practical Laws of Observance of [[Purim]]”, min 41-2) explained that the Rama means that the primary parts of the meal such as the bread, meat, and wine should be consumed during the day. Shalmei Todah (pg 317) also explains the Rama this way. | |||
* However, the Maaseh Rav of the Gra (#248) recommends eating it in the morning. [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9082&pgnum=347 Kaf HaChaim 695:23] quotes kabbalistic reasons for eating Seudat [[Purim]] in the morning. Torat Hamoadim 11:6 agrees and adds that this was the practice of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef.</ref> Some have a minhag to eat a small meal the night of [[Purim]]. < | === Combining the Purim Seuda and Shabbat Meal (Pores Mapa Umekadesh) === | ||
# The mitzvah of Seudat [[Purim]] is during the day and not the night, yet one should have simcha and a small meal at night (and make the meal of the day greater). < | # Although some have the practice to start the meal before Shabbat and go until nightfall, break, cover the food, recite Kiddush, and continue the meal,<ref>Magen Avot (R' Lebhar, v. 1 p. 431) writes that the Moroccan minhag was to start the meal before Shabbat and at nightfall cover the food, recite Kiddush, and continue the meal. He cites this from the Shalu Lbaruch 76, Kriyat Chana Dovid 2:90, Vayan 29, and Netivi Am. [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46446&pgnum=399 Nitai Gavriel 72:5] quotes this minhag as well.</ref> most poskim disapprove of this practice.<ref>As mentioned above the poskim including Rama, Mishna Brurah, and Kaf Hachaim all write that the seuda should be in the morning when it falls out on Friday. Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo 19:26) writes that it is proper to have the seudat purim before chatzot and not do pores mapa. Similarly, [http://www.torahweb.org/torah/docs/rsch/RavSchachter-Corona-56-January-31-2021.pdf Rav Schachter (Corona teshuva 56)] disapproved of this practice as it is only allowed after the fact. Rav Dovid Yosef (Torat Hamoadim p. 346) writes that that it is not proper to follow a minhag of Yerushalayim to start the meal before sunset and continue after Shabbat starts with Kiddush. The meal should be done in the morning and such was the practice of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef. Tiferet 695:17 cites this Torat Hamoadim. [https://torahanytime.com/lectures/355926 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Titsaveh 5785 min 15)] said that initially a person should not do the purim seuda late in the day and pores mapa because of all of the machlokot rishonim. </ref> | ||
# If one began the meal on [[Purim]] and ate past nightfall, one should still mention Al HaNissim in [[Birkat HaMazon]] < | # If a person delayed having the Purim seuda until close to Shabbat, after plag hamincha, according to some poskim he should accept Shabbat early and combine his Purim seuda with his Shabbat seuda.<ref>Rav Elyashiv (Halichot Vehanhagot Purim cited by Dirshu 695:22)</ref> Other poskim disagree.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo ch. 19 fnt. 81) writes that it isn't proper to accept Shabbat early and have the seudat purim since doing so isn't clear that he's making any meal for the honor of Purim.</ref> | ||
# | # Those who have the Purim seuda close to Shabbat and then make kiddush in the middle of the meal should not make a bracha of hagefen<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 271:4, Taz 271:4, Mishna Brurah 271:16, Kaf Hachaim 271:29</ref> or hamotzei when they start the Shabbat meal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 271:4, Mishna Brurah 271:18. While it is true that Maamar Mordechai 271:4 writes that a person should recite hamotzei, Kaf Hachaim 27129 disagrees because of safek brachot lehakel. Chazon Ovadia v. 2 p. 70 agrees that no bracha should be recited.</ref> | ||
# Since no hamotzei is recited there is a dispute if lechem mishna is necessary in such a case.<ref>Dor Hamelaktim (v. 1 p. 619) quotes Elef Lecha Shlomo 113 who holds that it isn't necessary to have lechem mishna since we're not reciting hamotzei. However, Aruch Hashulchan 271:13 holds it is necessary. Lechem Ish 8:51 quotes a dispute about this point. | |||
</ref> According to the poskim that there is an obligation of lechem mishna, there is a question if the lechem mishna that the head of the house breaks exempts the others of the household in their obligation of lechem mishna.<ref>Dor Hamelaktim (v. 1 p. 619) also discusses if the lechem mishna of the head of the household can be used to exempt everyone else's oblgiation of lechem mishna since no hamotzei is recited. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shulchan Shlomo 271:11) holds that when the head of the household breaks the lechem mishna that exempts everyone from their obligation of lechem mishna. However, Even Yisrael Moadim v. 2 p. 449 holds that it doesn't work since he isn't reciting hamotzei. To solve this issue everyone would need their own lechem mishna.</ref> | |||
# The meal must be paused for Kiddush before sunset. After sunset it is forbidden to eat or drink until kiddush is recited.<ref>Mishna Brurah 271:11, Kaf Hachaim 271:21, Piskei Teshuvot 271:14</ref> | |||
# When reciting kiddush a person should cover the challah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 271:4, Mishna Brurah 271:15</ref> | |||
# A person who is having a combine Purim seuda that runs into the Shabbat meal should pray arvit after the meal.<ref>Taz 271:4, Mishna Brurah 271:11</ref> Some poskim disapprove of this and advise completing the Purim seuda, praying arvit, and then starting the Shabbat meal.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Kaf_HaChayim_on_Shulchan_Arukh%2C_Orach_Chayim.271.26.1?vhe=hebrew|Kaf_Hachayim,_Orach_Chayim_vol._I-IV,_Jerusalem_1910-1933&lang=bi Kaf Hachaim 271:26]</ref> | |||
== When should one eat Seudat Purim? == | |||
# Many Ashkenazim have the minhag to eat the meal after [[mincha]] but they should be careful to have majority of the meal during the day, while many Sephardim have the minhag to eat the meal in the morning.<ref> *Rama O.C. 695:2 writes that the minhag is to eat the meal after [[mincha]], but one should ensure that majority of the meal is eaten during the day. Rabbi Willig (“Practical Laws of Observance of [[Purim]]”, min 41-2) explained that the Rama means that the primary parts of the meal such as the bread, meat, and wine should be consumed during the day. Shalmei Todah (pg 317) also explains the Rama this way. | |||
*However, the Maaseh Rav of the Gra (#248) seems to recommends eating it in the morning. (See discussion page.) [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9082&pgnum=347 Kaf HaChaim 695:23] quotes kabbalistic reasons for eating Seudat [[Purim]] in the morning. Torat Hamoadim 11:6 agrees and adds that this was the practice of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef. Rav Ovadia's opinion is also recorded in Chazon Ovadia p. 180.</ref> Some have a minhag to eat a small meal the night of [[Purim]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 695:1 writes that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation by eating a nighttime meal. The Rama adds that at night one should have a small meal. Pri Megadim E”A 695:6 presents different minhagim about having meat at the nighttime meal. </ref> | |||
# The mitzvah of Seudat [[Purim]] is during the day and not the night, yet one should have simcha and a small meal at night (and make the meal of the day greater).<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 695:1, Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref> If [[Purim]] falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]] and Sunday, having [[Seudat Shelishit]] isn’t considered as having a small meal during the night of [[Purim]]. Rather, one should have a special meal for the sake of [[Purim]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref> | |||
# If one began the meal on [[Purim]] and ate past nightfall, one should still mention Al HaNissim in [[Birkat HaMazon]]<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama O.C. 695:3. Or Letzion 4:60:4 writes that as long as one ate a kezayit by day even if the meal continued into the night one can recite Al Hanissim in Birchat Hamazon. Even though the Ben Ish Chai Shana Rishona Chukat 22 wrote that we don't mention Al Hanissim in Birchat Hamazon if it extended into the night, the Or Letzion writes that we follow Shulchan Aruch and Chida. He adds that this was the ruling of Rav Ezra Attiya. Yachava Daat 3:55, Yalkut Yosef (5764, Seudat Purim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Bet Yosef edition, 5776, p. 221 695:9), and Torat Hamoadim 11:5 agree. </ref> unless one already said [[Maariv]], in which case one shouldn’t say Al HaNissim. Some say that one can say it even after [[davening]] [[Maariv]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 695:16 </ref> | |||
# Someone who needs to work on Purim can have the meal when they come home before nightfall even though it is going to go late into the night so that they can have a proper festive meal as opposed to having the meal at work.<ref>Nitai Gavriel Purim 72:3 p. 399 quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein</ref> | |||
==What should one eat at Seudat Purim?== | ==What should one eat at Seudat Purim?== | ||
| Line 27: | Line 40: | ||
* The [http://www.halachipedia.com/documents/Roshei_Yeshiva_Letter_Regarding_Purim.pdf Roshei Yeshiva of Yeshiva University signed a letter (dated Feb 26 2015)] stating that one should fulfill the mitzvah of drinking according to the Rama. They emphasize that it is incumbent upon the community to ensure that that individuals avoid the risks of intoxication and Chilul Hashem which could result from it.</ref> | * The [http://www.halachipedia.com/documents/Roshei_Yeshiva_Letter_Regarding_Purim.pdf Roshei Yeshiva of Yeshiva University signed a letter (dated Feb 26 2015)] stating that one should fulfill the mitzvah of drinking according to the Rama. They emphasize that it is incumbent upon the community to ensure that that individuals avoid the risks of intoxication and Chilul Hashem which could result from it.</ref> | ||
# If one’s parent tells one not to drink on [[purim]] one should listen to them and only drink a little more than usual. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 19:25 </ref> | # If one’s parent tells one not to drink on [[purim]] one should listen to them and only drink a little more than usual. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 19:25 </ref> | ||
# Women are not required to drink as much. One cup or less is sufficient. <ref> Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 1:458, Moadim Uzmanim 2:190 </ref> | # Women are not required to drink as much. One cup or less is sufficient. <ref> Sh"t [https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1081&st=&pgnum=371&hilite= Rivevot Ephraim 1:458], [https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19963&st=&pgnum=390 Moadim Uzmanim 2:190 s.v. venireh barur] </ref> | ||
# If one unintentionally causes minor damages as a result of celebrating [[purim]], one is exempt from paying for the damages. <ref> M.B 6595: 5 </ref> | # If one unintentionally causes minor damages as a result of celebrating [[purim]], one is exempt from paying for the damages. <ref> M.B 6595: 5 </ref> | ||
