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The Meals of Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# Some say that one should hold both loaves even while one is breaking or cutting the first loaf. Others say that one may put one of them down and then break the other.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 274:12 writes that one should continue to hold both loaves of bread while one breaks the first loaf. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 274:2 argues that one may place one of them down after the bracha and then break the other loaf. Chazon Ovadyah (v. 2, p. 170) agrees but adds that one who follows the Kaf HaChaim should be blessed. </ref> | # Some say that one should hold both loaves even while one is breaking or cutting the first loaf. Others say that one may put one of them down and then break the other.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 274:12 writes that one should continue to hold both loaves of bread while one breaks the first loaf. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 274:2 argues that one may place one of them down after the bracha and then break the other loaf. Chazon Ovadyah (v. 2, p. 170) agrees but adds that one who follows the Kaf HaChaim should be blessed. </ref> | ||
# The loaves should be at least the size of a Kezayit.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 2:55:5, Chazon Ovadia (v. 2 p. 187). Chazon Ovadia cites the Chikrei Lev YD 1:57 who wrote that the breads for lechem mishneh need to be at least a kezayit but the Bet Menucha 51a argues a loaf any size is fine. Kaf Hachaim Palagi 36:44 sided with the Chikrei Lev since the Lechem Mishneh corresponds to the meals of the maan and it says eating with respect to the maan (Shemot 16:25), which implies the size of eating which is a kezayit.</ref> | # The loaves should be at least the size of a Kezayit.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 2:55:5, Chazon Ovadia (v. 2 p. 187). Chazon Ovadia cites the Chikrei Lev YD 1:57 who wrote that the breads for lechem mishneh need to be at least a kezayit but the Bet Menucha 51a argues a loaf any size is fine. Kaf Hachaim Palagi 36:44 sided with the Chikrei Lev since the Lechem Mishneh corresponds to the meals of the maan and it says eating with respect to the maan (Shemot 16:25), which implies the size of eating which is a kezayit.</ref> | ||
# Even if one has more than three meals on a given shabbat, each one should have two loaves of bread. <ref> Ach Tov VaHessed, 5783, Page 105 </ref> | # Even if one has more than three meals on a given shabbat, each one should have two loaves of bread.<ref> Ach Tov VaHessed, 5783, Page 105 </ref> | ||
# Many poskim hold that it is permissible to rip the Challah apart with one's hands, while others argue that it is forbidden to do so and one should use a knife to cut the Challah.<ref>Halacha Brurah (274:9 v. 16 p. 526) writes that it is permissible to tear the Challah apart with one's hands. He explains that it isn't an issue of gluttony to do so since it is evident he is doing so for the mitzvah of lechem mishna on Shabbat. He writes that this in fact was the practice of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef. Lechem Ish p. 398 also writes that the minhag of many people is to rip the challah and not cut it with a knife. However, Anvei Yishfeh 2:18 quotes Rav Elyashiv and Rav Yakov Yisrael Fischer who held that it was forbidden and considered a lack of derech eretz. Rather, the challah must be cut with a knife.</ref> | |||
==Procedure== | ==Procedure== | ||
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==Passing the Challah== | ==Passing the Challah== | ||
# One shouldn’t give the [[Challah]] directly into the hands of someone else but rather one should place it down on a plate or the table to pass it to someone else. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 312), Piskei Teshuvot (Siman 274 note 7) </ref> | # One shouldn’t give the [[Challah]] directly into the hands of someone else but rather one should place it down on a plate or the table to pass it to someone else.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 312), Piskei Teshuvot (Siman 274 note 7) </ref> | ||
# One should not throw the challah across the table. <Ref>Rabbi David Yosef (Halacha Brurah Vol: pg. 49, Magen Avraham 167:38, Pri Megadim E"A 167:38, Mishnah Brurah 167:88, Minhag Yisroel Torah 167:4, [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2821 Throwing Bread] on Halacha Yomit </ref> | # One should not throw the challah across the table.<Ref>Rabbi David Yosef (Halacha Brurah Vol: pg. 49, Magen Avraham 167:38, Pri Megadim E"A 167:38, Mishnah Brurah 167:88, Minhag Yisroel Torah 167:4, [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2821 Throwing Bread] on Halacha Yomit </ref> | ||
# The one who made hamotzei should take a bite of the first piece and then cut the rest of the pieces.<ref>Mishna Brurah 167:79 quotes the achronim who say that initially one shouldn’t cut the challah for everyone listening before eating since that is a hefsek initially but after the fact it isn’t an issue.</ref> However, some have the practice to cut all of the pieces and only then eat. <ref>[Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 92 min 30)] said that his father’s practice was to cut all of the pieces of challah before he ate. He felt that was more derech eretz to cut up for everyone before you start to eat yourself. It is in line with the Rama 167:15.</ref> In that case the others have to wait to eat their piece until the one who made a bracha eats.<ref>Gemara Brachot 47a, Shulchan Aruch OC 167:15</ref> | # The one who made hamotzei should take a bite of the first piece and then cut the rest of the pieces.<ref>Mishna Brurah 167:79 quotes the achronim who say that initially one shouldn’t cut the challah for everyone listening before eating since that is a hefsek initially but after the fact it isn’t an issue.</ref> However, some have the practice to cut all of the pieces and only then eat.<ref>[Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 92 min 30)] said that his father’s practice was to cut all of the pieces of challah before he ate. He felt that was more derech eretz to cut up for everyone before you start to eat yourself. It is in line with the Rama 167:15.</ref> In that case the others have to wait to eat their piece until the one who made a bracha eats.<ref>Gemara Brachot 47a, Shulchan Aruch OC 167:15</ref> | ||
# It is perfectly fine for those at the table to pass the challah down and not take a piece first and it is not considered ein maavirin al hamitzvot.<ref>Rav Dovid Feinstein (Kuntres Yad Dodi put out by R' Yitzchak Dovid Frankel). He presents 4 reasons why ein maavirin al hamitzvot does not apply here. 1) The homeowner wants the challah to be passed down, so it doesn't belong to the person who got it first. 2) It isn't passing over a mitzvah to do something else first, it is just giving this mitzvah to someone else first. 3) If the challah pieces stay in the tray then his piece (using bereira) will return to him. 4) If he's going to use this whole challah later for the mitzvah it isn't ein maavirin, he's just waiting to use it for the mitzvah.</ref> | |||
==How much to eat== | ==How much to eat== | ||
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# If one doesn’t have wine and so, one makes [[Kiddish]] on bread one shouldn’t make [[HaMotzei]]. <ref> S”A 271:4 </ref> | # If one doesn’t have wine and so, one makes [[Kiddish]] on bread one shouldn’t make [[HaMotzei]]. <ref> S”A 271:4 </ref> | ||
==Retzeh in Birkat HaMazon== | ==Retzeh in Birkat HaMazon== | ||
# On [[Shabbat]] one should add Retzeh in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 188:4,5 </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]] one should add Retzeh in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]].<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 188:4,5 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot Retzeh and one realized: | # If one forgot Retzeh and one realized: | ||
## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha one should return to Retzeh and then continue from there. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:12, Mishna Brurah 188:22 </ref> | ## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha one should return to Retzeh and then continue from there. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:12, Mishna Brurah 188:22 </ref> | ||
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# If a person wasn't sure if he said retzeh, according to Ashkenazim, he should go back and repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:7, Mishna Brurah 188:16</ref> According to Sephardim one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 7:28</ref> | # If a person wasn't sure if he said retzeh, according to Ashkenazim, he should go back and repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:7, Mishna Brurah 188:16</ref> According to Sephardim one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 7:28</ref> | ||
## If a person knew that he was planning on say retzeh while he was in middle of birkat hamazon but doesn't know if he actually said it one can assume that one did actually say it.<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 188:16, See Yabia Omer 7:28 who discuss the idea of the Taz and those who disagree.</ref> | ## If a person knew that he was planning on say retzeh while he was in middle of birkat hamazon but doesn't know if he actually said it one can assume that one did actually say it.<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 188:16, See Yabia Omer 7:28 who discuss the idea of the Taz and those who disagree.</ref> | ||
# If a person had [[kezayit]] of [[mezonot]] at [[kiddush]] before birkat hamazon then if one forgot | # If a person had [[kezayit]] of [[mezonot]] at [[kiddush]] before birkat hamazon then if one forgot retzeh in [[birkat hamazon]] at lunch one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=10215&st=&pgnum=497 Divrei Dovid (responsa 86)] holds that since the kiddush counts as a meal according to some rishonim, then the lunch afterwards counts as seudat shelishit in which case if one didn't mention retzeh at lunch one doesn't have to repeat it. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:9 and Kaf Hachaim 188:40 concur with the Divrei Dovid. Halacha Brurah (Otzrot Yosef 18:5) agrees. However, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (57 fnt. 20) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who disagreed because a person's intent with eating mezonot for kiddish is not to fulfill his seudat shacharit. Therefore, he doesn't fulfill it until he eats lunch and then he needs to eat bread. </ref> | ||
# If someone forgot to mention Shabbat in [[al hamichya]] one doesn't have to repeat it.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:11, Mishna Brurah 208:58</ref> | # If someone forgot to mention Shabbat in [[al hamichya]] one doesn't have to repeat it.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:11, Mishna Brurah 208:58</ref> | ||
