Yom Kippur That Falls out on Shabbat: Difference between revisions

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== Do we say Kabbalat Shabbat on Friday night if it is Yom Kippur? ==
When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, it is considered to be a holier day than a regular Yom Kippur. It is the holiest day of the year possible.<ref>Pesachim 49b, Yoma 66b. Tangentially, Pesachim 49b indicates that the holiest day possible is Yom Kippur when it falls out on Shabbat. In Yoma 66b, Rafram says that you might have thought that the Seir Hamishtale'ach may only be carried on a regular Yom Kippur, but not a Yom Kippur that fell out on Shabbat since there's an extra prohibition of carrying. However, Tosfot (Yoma 66b s.v. amar) notes that in Keritut 14a Rafram is rejected since it could be that Seir Hamishtale'ach is part of the program of Yom Kippur. It seems that according to Rafram the kedusha of Shabbat coincidentally collides with the kedusha of Yom Kippur and adds to it, but according to the Gemara Keritut the kedusha of a Shabbat Yom Kippur together is a hybrid kedusha that follows the regular program of Yom Kippur. This topic is discussed further by [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/1112229 Rabbi Sultan].</ref> There is a big halachic discussion whether the kedusha of the day is considered a combination of both Shabbat and Yom Kippur or just each one functions independently.
 
== Lighting Candles ==
 
# Many recite a bracha when lighting candles for Yom Kippur,<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 256</ref> however, some communities light without a bracha. However, when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat everyone agrees that a bracha is recited.<ref>[https://itorah.com/power-search-results/6/21024 Rabbi Eli Mansour] writes that although the Syrian minhag is not to recite the bracha for Yom Kippur candles, when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat everyone agrees that a bracha is recited. See Pesachim 53b for the background to this discussion. Or Letzion 4:20:11 writes that everyone has the minhag to recite a bracha upon the candles when Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.</ref>
See [[Yom_Kippur#Hadlakat_Nerot_of_Yom_Kippur]] for general discussion of lighting candles for Yom Kippur.


== Do we recite Kiddush? ==
== Do we recite Kiddush? ==
# Kiddush over wine or grape juice is not recited on Yom Kippur even when it falls out on Shabbat.<ref>Magen Avraham 618:10, Or Same'ach (Yom Hakippurim 4:1), Chazon Ovadia p. 270. However, there is the opinion of Rabbi Akiva Eiger 618:10 that when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat kiddush is recited by someone who is sick, though Kaf Hachaim 618:60 infers from Mishna Brurah that kiddish over wine or grape juice is never recited on Yom Kippur.</ref> Although the obligation of Kiddish on Yom Kippur is from the Torah, just like it is on Shabbat, one fulfills that mitzvah with his davening. It would be forbidden to drink wine or anything for Kiddush since it is forbidden from the Torah to eat or drink on Yom Kippur.<ref>Chatom Sofer 271:1 writes that even if Kiddish of Yom Tov is derabbanan (Magen Avraham 271:1) the Kiddish of Yom Kippur is from the Torah. His proof is Rashi Shevuot 13a. He explains that fundamentally Yom Kippur and Shabbat share the same type of kedusha and both require Kiddish from the Torah. Nonetheless, he writes that one fulfills this mitzvah with his davening.</ref>
# Everyone should have in mind during Arvit of Yom Kippur that the bracha of מקדש השבת וישראל ויום הכפורים should fulfill his obligation of kiddush.<ref>Chatom Sofer 271:1, Chazon Ovadia p. 270, Yalkut Yosef 619:19</ref>
== Shabbat Meals for Children or Someone who is Sick ==
# It is certainly forbidden for adults to eat Shabbat meals on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.
# There is a discussion whether someone who is sick and must eat on Yom Kippur or a child who is eating on Yom Kippur should eat Shabbat meals or not. It seems from the ''poskim'' that there is not an obligation to have such a meal.<ref>Rabbi Avraham Dirnfeld (Machon Horah Umishpat v. 12 pp. 6-17) discusses this question and says that it depends on the dispute between Rabbi Akiva Eiger and Mishna Brurah regarding Kiddush. It seems from his conclusion that there is no obligation to have Shabbat meals. This also seems to be the opinion of Or Same'ach (Yom Hakippurim 4:1) that a sick person who eats on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat doesn't eat  Shabbat meals or make kiddush. </ref>
# For those who need to eat on Yom Kippur, it is a nice thing to make ''hamotzei'' upon 2 rolls ([[Lechem Mishneh|lechem mishneh]]) like he would on Shabbat.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 618:60</ref>
# After a meal on Yom Kippur, for those who needed to eat, ''[[Birkat Hamazon|birkat hamazon]]'' is recited with yaaleh vayavo that mentions Yom Kippur. On Shabbat Yom Kippur he should recite ''retzeh'' and ''[[Yaaleh VeYavo|yaaleh vyavo]]''. If he forgets ''yaaleh veyavo'' he doesn't repeat ''birkat hamazon''.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 618:62</ref>


== Changes in Davening ==
== Changes in Davening ==
# If Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, Vayichulu and ''[[Shabbat Davenings|Meeyn Sheva]]'' is recited like a regular Shabbat.<ref>Bahag siman 9, Siddur Rav Amram Goan (Arvit of Yom Kippur)</ref> In Meeyn Sheva, the words האל הקדוש שאין כמוהו (''hael hakadosh shein kamohu'') are replaced with המלך הקדוש שאין כמוהו (''hamelech hakadosh shein kamohu''.)<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 271</ref> In the conclusion of Meeyn Sheva only Shabbat is mentioned and not Yom Kippur.<ref>Shabbat 24b, Bahag siman 9</ref>
# In shemona esrei of Neilah, Shabbat is mentioned.<ref>Gemara Shabbat 24b, Siddur Rav Amram Goan (Arvit of Yom Kippur), Or Zaruah 2:327, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 623:3</ref>
# Someone who is not fasting may receive an aliyah at mincha of Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat, but not for shelishi, maftir yonah.<ref>Meishiv Nefesh (Moadim p. 112) quoting Marcheshet 1:14:3</ref>
# Ashkenazim do not recite צדקתך or אבינו מלכנו on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat, however, Sephardim recite it as they would on a regular Yom Kippur.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama O.C. 622:3</ref> Some Sephardim only recite Avinu Malkenu but not Tzidkatcha.<ref>Or Letzion 4:18:1 writes that the minhag Yerushalayim is to recite Avinu Malkenu but not tzidkatcha on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat. The reason not to recite tzidkatcha is based on kabbalah.</ref>
=== Do we say Kabbalat Shabbat on Friday night if it is Yom Kippur? ===
# When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat kabbalat Shabbat is not recited. Nonetheless, Mizmor Shel Lyom Hashabbat is recited.<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 267, Yalkut Yosef 619:6</ref>
# Bameh Madlikin is not recited on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.<ref>Mor Ukesiah 270:3</ref>
== Melacha and Preparing for after Yom Kippur ==
# The gemara permits certain activities of preparing food on Yom Kippur from mincha time for after the fast. However, the minhag is not to rely on this leniency. Either way, gemara and halacha forbids doing such preparation on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.<ref>Gemara Shabbat 115a, Orchot Chaim (Yom Hakippurim), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 611:2, Mishna Brurah 611:8, Kaf Hachaim 611:15. Mishna Brurah and Kaf Hachaim explain that the rabbis forbade this lest a person make a mistake and permit it on Shabbat on other occasions. </ref>


== Is Havdalah the Same? ==
== Is Havdalah the Same? ==


# According to Sephardim, besamim is not recited during havdalah of Yom Kippur even if Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat. Nonetheless, it is proper to recite besamim and smell besamim after completing the whole havdalah.<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 384</ref>
# According to Sephardim, besamim is not recited during havdalah of Yom Kippur even if Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat. Nonetheless, it is proper to recite besamim and smell besamim after completing the whole havdalah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 624:3, Kaf Hachaim 624:9, Chazon Ovadia p. 384, Or Letzion 4:20:6</ref> According to Ashkenazim, it is permitted to recite besamim in havdalah of Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat. However, as a general policy one shouldn't advise that everyone recite besamim in such a situation, but privately one may do so.<ref>Mishna Brurah 624:5</ref>
# Borei Meorei Haesh may be recited upon a candle that was lit after Yom Kippur if he doesn't have one that was lit from before Yom KIppur.<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 383-4</ref>
# When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, Borei Meorei Haesh may be recited upon a candle that was lit after Yom Kippur if he doesn't have one that was lit from before Yom Kippur.<ref>Meiri Brachot 53b, Mishna Brurah 624:7, Kaf Hachaim 624:12, Chazon Ovadia p. 383-4. However, Or Letzion 4:20:4 argues that we do not recite a bracha of Meori Haesh on a candle that was not lit from before Yom Kippur even if Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat. He cites that this is the view of Magen Avraham 624:7, Eliya Rabba 624:5, Shulchan Aruch Harav 624:5. </ref> Nonetheless, the minhag is to be stringent to light a candle before Yom Kippur to last until after Yom Kippur and use that for havdalah. Even so, if someone doesn't have a candle that was lit from before Yom Kippur, he can light a candle from a fire that was lit after Yom Kippur.<ref>Mishna Brurah 624:7</ref>
 
== Sources ==

Latest revision as of 16:06, 10 October 2024

When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, it is considered to be a holier day than a regular Yom Kippur. It is the holiest day of the year possible.[1] There is a big halachic discussion whether the kedusha of the day is considered a combination of both Shabbat and Yom Kippur or just each one functions independently.

Lighting Candles

  1. Many recite a bracha when lighting candles for Yom Kippur,[2] however, some communities light without a bracha. However, when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat everyone agrees that a bracha is recited.[3]

See Yom_Kippur#Hadlakat_Nerot_of_Yom_Kippur for general discussion of lighting candles for Yom Kippur.

Do we recite Kiddush?

  1. Kiddush over wine or grape juice is not recited on Yom Kippur even when it falls out on Shabbat.[4] Although the obligation of Kiddish on Yom Kippur is from the Torah, just like it is on Shabbat, one fulfills that mitzvah with his davening. It would be forbidden to drink wine or anything for Kiddush since it is forbidden from the Torah to eat or drink on Yom Kippur.[5]
  2. Everyone should have in mind during Arvit of Yom Kippur that the bracha of מקדש השבת וישראל ויום הכפורים should fulfill his obligation of kiddush.[6]

Shabbat Meals for Children or Someone who is Sick

  1. It is certainly forbidden for adults to eat Shabbat meals on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.
  2. There is a discussion whether someone who is sick and must eat on Yom Kippur or a child who is eating on Yom Kippur should eat Shabbat meals or not. It seems from the poskim that there is not an obligation to have such a meal.[7]
  3. For those who need to eat on Yom Kippur, it is a nice thing to make hamotzei upon 2 rolls (lechem mishneh) like he would on Shabbat.[8]
  4. After a meal on Yom Kippur, for those who needed to eat, birkat hamazon is recited with yaaleh vayavo that mentions Yom Kippur. On Shabbat Yom Kippur he should recite retzeh and yaaleh vyavo. If he forgets yaaleh veyavo he doesn't repeat birkat hamazon.[9]

Changes in Davening

  1. If Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, Vayichulu and Meeyn Sheva is recited like a regular Shabbat.[10] In Meeyn Sheva, the words האל הקדוש שאין כמוהו (hael hakadosh shein kamohu) are replaced with המלך הקדוש שאין כמוהו (hamelech hakadosh shein kamohu.)[11] In the conclusion of Meeyn Sheva only Shabbat is mentioned and not Yom Kippur.[12]
  2. In shemona esrei of Neilah, Shabbat is mentioned.[13]
  3. Someone who is not fasting may receive an aliyah at mincha of Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat, but not for shelishi, maftir yonah.[14]
  4. Ashkenazim do not recite צדקתך or אבינו מלכנו on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat, however, Sephardim recite it as they would on a regular Yom Kippur.[15] Some Sephardim only recite Avinu Malkenu but not Tzidkatcha.[16]

Do we say Kabbalat Shabbat on Friday night if it is Yom Kippur?

  1. When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat kabbalat Shabbat is not recited. Nonetheless, Mizmor Shel Lyom Hashabbat is recited.[17]
  2. Bameh Madlikin is not recited on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.[18]

Melacha and Preparing for after Yom Kippur

  1. The gemara permits certain activities of preparing food on Yom Kippur from mincha time for after the fast. However, the minhag is not to rely on this leniency. Either way, gemara and halacha forbids doing such preparation on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.[19]

Is Havdalah the Same?

  1. According to Sephardim, besamim is not recited during havdalah of Yom Kippur even if Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat. Nonetheless, it is proper to recite besamim and smell besamim after completing the whole havdalah.[20] According to Ashkenazim, it is permitted to recite besamim in havdalah of Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat. However, as a general policy one shouldn't advise that everyone recite besamim in such a situation, but privately one may do so.[21]
  2. When Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat, Borei Meorei Haesh may be recited upon a candle that was lit after Yom Kippur if he doesn't have one that was lit from before Yom Kippur.[22] Nonetheless, the minhag is to be stringent to light a candle before Yom Kippur to last until after Yom Kippur and use that for havdalah. Even so, if someone doesn't have a candle that was lit from before Yom Kippur, he can light a candle from a fire that was lit after Yom Kippur.[23]

Sources

  1. ↑ Pesachim 49b, Yoma 66b. Tangentially, Pesachim 49b indicates that the holiest day possible is Yom Kippur when it falls out on Shabbat. In Yoma 66b, Rafram says that you might have thought that the Seir Hamishtale'ach may only be carried on a regular Yom Kippur, but not a Yom Kippur that fell out on Shabbat since there's an extra prohibition of carrying. However, Tosfot (Yoma 66b s.v. amar) notes that in Keritut 14a Rafram is rejected since it could be that Seir Hamishtale'ach is part of the program of Yom Kippur. It seems that according to Rafram the kedusha of Shabbat coincidentally collides with the kedusha of Yom Kippur and adds to it, but according to the Gemara Keritut the kedusha of a Shabbat Yom Kippur together is a hybrid kedusha that follows the regular program of Yom Kippur. This topic is discussed further by Rabbi Sultan.
  2. ↑ Chazon Ovadia p. 256
  3. ↑ Rabbi Eli Mansour writes that although the Syrian minhag is not to recite the bracha for Yom Kippur candles, when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat everyone agrees that a bracha is recited. See Pesachim 53b for the background to this discussion. Or Letzion 4:20:11 writes that everyone has the minhag to recite a bracha upon the candles when Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat.
  4. ↑ Magen Avraham 618:10, Or Same'ach (Yom Hakippurim 4:1), Chazon Ovadia p. 270. However, there is the opinion of Rabbi Akiva Eiger 618:10 that when Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat kiddush is recited by someone who is sick, though Kaf Hachaim 618:60 infers from Mishna Brurah that kiddish over wine or grape juice is never recited on Yom Kippur.
  5. ↑ Chatom Sofer 271:1 writes that even if Kiddish of Yom Tov is derabbanan (Magen Avraham 271:1) the Kiddish of Yom Kippur is from the Torah. His proof is Rashi Shevuot 13a. He explains that fundamentally Yom Kippur and Shabbat share the same type of kedusha and both require Kiddish from the Torah. Nonetheless, he writes that one fulfills this mitzvah with his davening.
  6. ↑ Chatom Sofer 271:1, Chazon Ovadia p. 270, Yalkut Yosef 619:19
  7. ↑ Rabbi Avraham Dirnfeld (Machon Horah Umishpat v. 12 pp. 6-17) discusses this question and says that it depends on the dispute between Rabbi Akiva Eiger and Mishna Brurah regarding Kiddush. It seems from his conclusion that there is no obligation to have Shabbat meals. This also seems to be the opinion of Or Same'ach (Yom Hakippurim 4:1) that a sick person who eats on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat doesn't eat Shabbat meals or make kiddush.
  8. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 618:60
  9. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 618:62
  10. ↑ Bahag siman 9, Siddur Rav Amram Goan (Arvit of Yom Kippur)
  11. ↑ Chazon Ovadia p. 271
  12. ↑ Shabbat 24b, Bahag siman 9
  13. ↑ Gemara Shabbat 24b, Siddur Rav Amram Goan (Arvit of Yom Kippur), Or Zaruah 2:327, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 623:3
  14. ↑ Meishiv Nefesh (Moadim p. 112) quoting Marcheshet 1:14:3
  15. ↑ Shulchan Aruch and Rama O.C. 622:3
  16. ↑ Or Letzion 4:18:1 writes that the minhag Yerushalayim is to recite Avinu Malkenu but not tzidkatcha on Yom Kippur that falls out on Shabbat. The reason not to recite tzidkatcha is based on kabbalah.
  17. ↑ Chazon Ovadia p. 267, Yalkut Yosef 619:6
  18. ↑ Mor Ukesiah 270:3
  19. ↑ Gemara Shabbat 115a, Orchot Chaim (Yom Hakippurim), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 611:2, Mishna Brurah 611:8, Kaf Hachaim 611:15. Mishna Brurah and Kaf Hachaim explain that the rabbis forbade this lest a person make a mistake and permit it on Shabbat on other occasions.
  20. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 624:3, Kaf Hachaim 624:9, Chazon Ovadia p. 384, Or Letzion 4:20:6
  21. ↑ Mishna Brurah 624:5
  22. ↑ Meiri Brachot 53b, Mishna Brurah 624:7, Kaf Hachaim 624:12, Chazon Ovadia p. 383-4. However, Or Letzion 4:20:4 argues that we do not recite a bracha of Meori Haesh on a candle that was not lit from before Yom Kippur even if Yom Kippur falls out on Shabbat. He cites that this is the view of Magen Avraham 624:7, Eliya Rabba 624:5, Shulchan Aruch Harav 624:5.
  23. ↑ Mishna Brurah 624:7
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