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==Eating a New Fruit and Buying New Clothing== | ==Eating a New Fruit and Buying New Clothing== | ||
===Shehechiyanu=== | ===Shehechiyanu=== | ||
# One should refrain from making a [[shehechiyanu]] on new fruit | # One should refrain from making a [[shehechiyanu]] on a new fruit or new clothing during the Three Weeks. However, if one needs to perform a [[Pidyon Haben|Pidyon HaBen]]<ref>Maamar Mordechai 551:16 adds that Sefardim who have the minhag of reciting [[shehechiyanu]] at a Milah, would say it during the Three Weeks. The reason that Shulchan Aruch didn't mention this explicitly, is because Ashkenazim don't have the practice of saying [[shehechiyanu]] at a Milah, and the Mechaber chose an example that is relevant for everybody. </ref>, then [[shehechiyanu]] is recited, and the mitzvah should not be delayed until after the Three Weeks<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:17, based on Maharil 31 and Sefer Chasidim 840, writes that one should refrain from saying [[shehechiyanu]] during the Three Weeks. The Magen Avraham 551:42 notes that the reason for this halacha is not because this is a time of mourning, as it's permitted for a mourner to recite [[shehechiyanu]] (as per Berachot 59b). Instead, he explains that the reason not to make [[shehechiyanu]] is since this is a period in which Klal Yisrael was punished, it's improper to recite a beracha thanking Hashem for allowing us to survive until this time. However, the Gra s.v. tov, rejects Magen Avraham's explanation, and believes that not reciting [[shehechiyanu]] during the Three Weeks is an extra chumra, as it should be no different from a mourner who may say [[shehechiyanu]]. The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that one might pass away during the Three Weeks, and miss out on the chance to say [[shehechiyanu]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like Shulchan Aruch that one should refrain from making [[shehechiyanu]] during the Three Weeks. </ref>. Similarly, if there is a fruit that won't be available after the Three Weeks, one is permitted to make a [[shehechiyanu]] and eat it during the Three Weeks.<ref>Rema ibid</ref> | ||
#One shouldn’t make a [[shehechiyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, if there is a great need, there’s what to rely on.<ref>Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[shehechiyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[shehechiyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | #One shouldn’t make a [[shehechiyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, if there is a great need, there’s what to rely on.<ref>Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[shehechiyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[shehechiyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | ||
===Wearing New Clothing or Eating New Fruit=== | ===Wearing New Clothing or Eating New Fruit=== | ||
#During the Three Weeks, one should not wear any new | #During the Three Weeks, one should not wear any new clothing nor eat a new fruit which would obligate one to make a [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:17 writes that it is good not to make a [[shehechiyanu]] on a new fruit or new clothing during the Three Weeks. | ||
*The Sh"t Maharil 15 writes that one shouldn't make a [[shehechiyanu]] on a new fruit or new clothing during the Three Weeks. Shulchan Aruch 551:17 codifies this as halacha saying that it is good not to say [[shehechiyanu]] during the Three Weeks. | *The Sh"t Maharil 15 writes that one shouldn't make a [[shehechiyanu]] on a new fruit or new clothing during the Three Weeks. Shulchan Aruch 551:17 codifies this as halacha saying that it is good not to say [[shehechiyanu]] during the Three Weeks. | ||
* Bach 551 (at the end) agrees and writes should avoid getting into situations that would obligate reciting shehechiyanu; that is, eating a new fruit, buying or wearing new clothing. Kaf HaChaim 551:210 agrees. Also, Mishna Brurah 551:99 writes that one shouldn't eat new fruit or wear new clothing. The Bear Mayim Chaim 7 disagrees with Bach and writes that the only issue is not to make the bracha of [[shehechiyanu]], however, one may eat a new fruit and just not make [[shehechiyanu]]. The Maamar Mordechai 551:14 rejects this idea and doesn't allow eating the new fruit. The Mishna Brurah 551:99, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, and Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot p. 129) agree with the Maamar Mordechai. | * Bach 551 (at the end) agrees and writes should avoid getting into situations that would obligate reciting shehechiyanu; that is, eating a new fruit, buying or wearing new clothing. Kaf HaChaim 551:210 agrees. Also, Mishna Brurah 551:99 writes that one shouldn't eat new fruit or wear new clothing. The Bear Mayim Chaim 7 disagrees with Bach and writes that the only issue is not to make the bracha of [[shehechiyanu]], however, one may eat a new fruit and just not make [[shehechiyanu]]. The Maamar Mordechai 551:14 rejects this idea and doesn't allow eating the new fruit. The Mishna Brurah 551:99, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, and Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot p. 129) agree with the Maamar Mordechai. | ||
* Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:6 rules that it is forbidden to wear new clothes during the week in which [[Tisha BeAv]] falls out and the Rama adds that the Ashkenazic minhag is to be strict on this starting from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av (during the entire [[Nine Days]]). The Magen Avraham 551:21 is bothered why there is another prohibition to wear new clothes (Shulchan Aruch 551:6) if one can't wear new clothes anyway because of avoiding making [[shehechiyanu]] during the entire Three Weeks (Shulchan Aruch 551:17). See there where he gives 2 answers. The Kaf HaChaim 551:88 answers that avoiding [[shehechiyanu]] is only considered preferable by Shulchan Aruch 551:17, while not wearing new clothes during the week during which [[Tisha BeAv]] falls out is an actual prohibition.</ref> | * Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:6 rules that it is forbidden to wear new clothes during the week in which [[Tisha BeAv]] falls out and the Rama adds that the Ashkenazic minhag is to be strict on this starting from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av (during the entire [[Nine Days]]). The Magen Avraham 551:21 is bothered why there is another prohibition to wear new clothes (Shulchan Aruch 551:6) if one can't wear new clothes anyway because of avoiding making [[shehechiyanu]] during the entire Three Weeks (Shulchan Aruch 551:17). See there where he gives 2 answers. The Kaf HaChaim 551:88 answers that avoiding [[shehechiyanu]] is only considered preferable by Shulchan Aruch 551:17, while not wearing new clothes during the week during which [[Tisha BeAv]] falls out is an actual prohibition.</ref> Because it is proper to refrain from saying [[shehechiyanu]], one should not put himself into a situation which would necessitate its recitation.<ref>Sh”t Chaim Sheol O”C 7 and Ketonet Yosef 11 (quoted in Kaf HaChaim 551:207) writes that even though one can’t make a [[shehechiyanu]] during the 3 weeks, one can eat a new fruit and wear new clothing without a Bracha. However, the Sefer Chasidim 840, Shaarei Knesset HaGedolah 551:52, Bach 551, Maamer Mordechai 551:14, Yometz Ometz 56, Bear Heitev 551:20, and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2 write that one is not allowed to eat a new fruit during the Three Weeks without a Bracha, since eating a new fruit requires a Bracha and it can’t be made during the Three Weeks. Birkei Yosef 551:12, Shaare Teshuva 551:38, and Kaf Hachayim 551:215 hold that a [[shehechiyanu]] may be recited if by mistake he already made the borei pri haetz over a new fruit. </ref> | ||
#During the [[Nine Days]] one should not buy new clothing.<ref>Rama 551:7 writes that buying new clothing is forbidden during the [[Nine Days]] just like fixing new clothing.</ref> See [[Nine_Days#Buying_or_Wearing_New_Clothing]] for details. | #During the [[Nine Days]] one should not buy new clothing.<ref>Rama 551:7 writes that buying new clothing is forbidden during the [[Nine Days]] just like fixing new clothing.</ref> See [[Nine_Days#Buying_or_Wearing_New_Clothing]] for details. | ||
# | # A pregnant woman or a sick person is permitted to eat new fruit.<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:99, Yalkut Yosef 551:13 </ref> | ||
===Buying New Clothing=== | ===Buying New Clothing=== | ||
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===Fixing Old Clothing=== | ===Fixing Old Clothing=== | ||
#Knitting and | #Knitting and needle-craft is prohibited during the [[Nine Days]].<ref>Rav Shimon Eider Halachos of the Three Weeks page 11. </ref> Repairing a torn garment is permitted.<ref>Iggerot Moshe, OC 3:79. </ref> | ||
===On Shabbat=== | ===On Shabbat=== | ||
# On [[Shabbat]] many poskim are lenient to allow one to recite [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, Magen Avraham 551:21,42, Chaye Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2, and Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:37 permit making [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]]. However, the Magen Avraham 551:42 quotes the Kitvei HaArizal who is machmir even on [[Shabbat]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one can be lenient regarding making [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] since there’s some are lenient on [[shechiyanu]] during all of the Three Weeks and there’s some who specifically permit [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]], many poskim are lenient to allow one to recite [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, Magen Avraham 551:21,42, Chaye Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2, and Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:37 permit making [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]]. However, the Magen Avraham 551:42 quotes the Kitvei HaArizal who is machmir even on [[Shabbat]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one can be lenient regarding making [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] since there’s some are lenient on [[shechiyanu]] during all of the Three Weeks and there’s some who specifically permit [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
#On [[Shabbat]] Chazon one shouldn’t wear new clothes that would require [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Eliyah Rabba 551:17 in name of Madenei [[Yom Tov]] that one should not wear new clothes even on [[Shabbat]] during the Three Weeks because wearing new clothes has a special aspect of happiness (which is greater than eating a new fruit). This is also the opinion of the Derech HaChaim 551:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2 not to wear new clothes all Three Weeks including [[Shabbat]]. However, Chaye Adam 133:14 and Aruch HaShulchan 551:38 writes that one can make [[shehechiyanu]] before [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av, but afterwards one shouldn’t make [[shehechiyanu]] even on [[Shabbat]]. Additionally, Mishna Brurah 551:45 writes that even those who are lenient to make [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] during the Three Weeks will agree to be strict on [[Shabbat]] Chazon not to wear new clothes (which has a special element of happiness that a new fruit doesn’t have). Sh”t Yechave Daat 1:37 and Torat HaMoadim 5:7 concurs to the opinion of Mishna Brurah. </ref> There is also a minhag not to wear new clothing that don't require a [[shehechiyanu]] specifically during the Nine Days.<ref>Rama 551:7, Mishna Brurah 551:9</ref> See further on the [[Nine Days#Buying Clothing|Nine Days]] page. | #On [[Shabbat]] Chazon one shouldn’t wear new clothes that would require [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Eliyah Rabba 551:17 in name of Madenei [[Yom Tov]] that one should not wear new clothes even on [[Shabbat]] during the Three Weeks because wearing new clothes has a special aspect of happiness (which is greater than eating a new fruit). This is also the opinion of the Derech HaChaim 551:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2 not to wear new clothes all Three Weeks including [[Shabbat]]. However, Chaye Adam 133:14 and Aruch HaShulchan 551:38 writes that one can make [[shehechiyanu]] before [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av, but afterwards one shouldn’t make [[shehechiyanu]] even on [[Shabbat]]. Additionally, Mishna Brurah 551:45 writes that even those who are lenient to make [[shehechiyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] during the Three Weeks will agree to be strict on [[Shabbat]] Chazon not to wear new clothes (which has a special element of happiness that a new fruit doesn’t have). Sh”t Yechave Daat 1:37 and Torat HaMoadim 5:7 concurs to the opinion of Mishna Brurah. </ref> There is also a minhag not to wear new clothing that don't require a [[shehechiyanu]] specifically during the Nine Days.<ref>Rama 551:7, Mishna Brurah 551:9</ref> See further on the [[Nine Days#Buying Clothing|Nine Days]] page. | ||
===Bracha for a Baby=== | ===Bracha for a Baby=== | ||
#A person should recite a [[shehechiyanu]] upon the birth of a baby boy or girl during the Three Weeks because | #A person should recite a [[shehechiyanu]] upon the birth of a baby boy or girl during the Three Weeks, because this Bracha cannot be pushed off until after the Three Weeks.<ref>Nitei Gavriel 17:19, Avnei Yishpeh 5:80 based on Maharil 31 who says the restriction of saying [[shehechiyanu]] is only on a beracha that can wait until after. </ref> | ||
===Pidyon Haben=== | ===Pidyon Haben=== | ||
#A [[shehechiyanu]] should be recited for the [[Pidyon Haben]] even during the Three Weeks.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 551:17, Moed Likol Chai 9:25 </ref> | #A [[shehechiyanu]] should be recited for the [[Pidyon Haben]] even during the Three Weeks.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 551:17, Moed Likol Chai 9:25 </ref> | ||
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===Tzitzit and Tefillin=== | ===Tzitzit and Tefillin=== | ||
#If one doesn't have [[Tefillin]] or one has the opportunity to buy nicer [[Tefillin]] it's permissible to buy them even after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av.<ref>Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 </ref> | #If one doesn't have [[Tefillin]] or one has the opportunity to buy nicer [[Tefillin]], it's permissible to buy them even after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av.<ref>Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 </ref> | ||
#One should refrain from buying [[Tzitzit]] or a [[Tallit]] during the Three Weeks.<ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that one should refrain from buying [[Tzitzis]] or a Talis. Similarly, Or LeArba Asar (pg 81) writes that one should buy and wear it (and make [[shehechiyanu]]) before the Three Weeks, however, after the fact if one didn't and one doesn't have as nice a pair one is permitted to wear it. Sh"t Birkat Reuven Shlomo 9:31 agrees. She'elat Yaavetz 82 says that if your [[tzitzit]] become pasul and you don't have another, you may wear or even purchase a new one to fulfill the mitzva. </ref> | #One should refrain from buying [[Tzitzit]] or a [[Tallit]] during the Three Weeks.<ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that one should refrain from buying [[Tzitzis]] or a Talis. Similarly, Or LeArba Asar (pg 81) writes that one should buy and wear it (and make [[shehechiyanu]]) before the Three Weeks, however, after the fact if one didn't and one doesn't have as nice a pair one is permitted to wear it. Sh"t Birkat Reuven Shlomo 9:31 agrees. She'elat Yaavetz 82 says that if your [[tzitzit]] become pasul and you don't have another, you may wear or even purchase a new one to fulfill the mitzva. </ref> | ||
#One should not purchase a new talit gadol as this would require making a shehechiyanu. However, one | #One should not purchase a new talit gadol as this would require making a shehechiyanu. However, one may purchase a new tallit katan since shehechiyanu is not recited.<ref>Iggerot Moshe 3:80</ref> One may also purchase a tallit gadol if it doesn't have strings up until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Moadei Yeshurun pg. 129:13b and pg. 152:34 in the name of Rav Moshe</ref> | ||
===Cars=== | ===Cars=== | ||
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===Engagement=== | ===Engagement=== | ||
#It is permitted to become engaged | #It is permitted to become engaged and write tenaim during the [[Nine Days]], even on [[Tisha BeAv]] itself, as long as there is no meal, music, or dancing.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:2 with Magen Avraham 551:10, and Mishna Brurah 551:16 and 19, Tur 551 in the name of Rav Nissim, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 551:10, Baer Heitev 551:11, Moed Likol Chai 9:18, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Devarim 1:5, Chayei Adam 133:8, Aruch Hashulchan 551:8, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 553. <br /> | ||
However, the Tzitz Eliezer (13:60) notes that many Jews refrain from doing so on Tisha B'Av. In addition, the Ben Ish Chai (Devarim: Halacha 4) writes that in Baghdad, they would not get engaged during the Nine Days between Rosh Chodesh Av and Tisha B'Av. He says further that it is preferred not to get engaged at all during the "Three Weeks." </ref> Until [[Rosh Chodesh]], one is allowed to celebrate the engagement with a festive meal but without dancing.<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:19 </ref> | However, the Tzitz Eliezer (13:60) notes that many Jews refrain from doing so on Tisha B'Av. In addition, the Ben Ish Chai (Devarim: Halacha 4) writes that in Baghdad, they would not get engaged during the Nine Days between Rosh Chodesh Av and Tisha B'Av. He says further that it is preferred not to get engaged at all during the "Three Weeks." </ref> Until [[Rosh Chodesh]], one is allowed to celebrate the engagement with a festive meal but without dancing.<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:19 </ref> | ||
#It is permitted for the chattan and kallah to wear Shabbat clothing to their engagement party.<ref>Halichos Shlomo Moadim 2:14:4 </ref> | #It is permitted for the chattan and kallah to wear Shabbat clothing to their engagement party.<ref>Halichos Shlomo Moadim 2:14:4 </ref> | ||
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#An engagement or vort may be celebrated with a meal during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:19 (with Shaar Hatziyun 551:26) holds that having a meal for writing the tenayim, agreement that a couple will get married, is permitted during the Three Weeks since it is a mitzvah. Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45) agrees and applies this to engagements and vorts.</ref> | #An engagement or vort may be celebrated with a meal during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:19 (with Shaar Hatziyun 551:26) holds that having a meal for writing the tenayim, agreement that a couple will get married, is permitted during the Three Weeks since it is a mitzvah. Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45) agrees and applies this to engagements and vorts.</ref> | ||
#It is permitted to celebrate a birthday party during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45)</ref> Regarding a good bye party one should ask one's rabbi. | #It is permitted to celebrate a birthday party during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45)</ref> Regarding a good bye party one should ask one's rabbi. | ||
# Is it permissible to go a sports game during the Three Weeks? Some poskim permit it and consider any music that is listened to as incidental. Other poskim forbid it because it is like an activity done with a group of friends which is forbidden during the Three Weeks. Even within those who permit, some only permit until Rosh Chodesh but not in the Nine Days.<ref>Tiferet Efraim pp. 481-482 quotes Rav Shmuel Kamenetsky (Kovetz Halachot pp. 15-18) who permitted going to a sports game even during the Nine Days and didn't consider the music to be a problem. Since the music isn't the main focus and is just incidental it is fine. However, he also quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein (Shemaytata Dmoshe 551:6) as holding that it is permitted during the Three Weeks but not the Nine Days. Rav Soloveitchik as quoted there held that going to a sports game is forbidden during the Three Weeks because it is a group activity, where being there with others is a simcha shel rabbim.</ref> | # Is it permissible to go a sports game during the Three Weeks? Some poskim permit it and consider any music that is listened to as incidental. Other poskim forbid it because it is like an activity done with a group of friends which is forbidden during the Three Weeks. Even within those who permit, some only permit until Rosh Chodesh but not in the Nine Days.<ref>Tiferet Efraim pp. 481-482 quotes Rav Shmuel Kamenetsky (Kovetz Halachot pp. 15-18) who permitted going to a sports game even during the Nine Days and didn't consider the music to be a problem. Since the music isn't the main focus and is just incidental it is fine. However, he also quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein (Shemaytata Dmoshe 551:6) as holding that it is permitted during the Three Weeks but not the Nine Days. Rav Soloveitchik as quoted there held that going to a sports game is forbidden during the Three Weeks because it is a group activity, where being there with others is a simcha shel rabbim.</ref> | ||
#It is permissible to give gifts during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh. However, one should not give a gift that would require the recipient to recite [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Shaarei Teshuva 551:18*, Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45)</ref> | #It is permissible to give gifts during the Three Weeks until Rosh Chodesh. However, one should not give a gift that would require the recipient to recite [[shehechiyanu]].<ref>Shaarei Teshuva 551:18*, Laws of Daily Living: The Three Weeks (p. 45)</ref> | ||
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# If there is a [[Pidyon Haben]] during the Three Weeks, according to Sephardim the father may shave or cut his hair,<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2 p. 335)</ref> while according to Ashkenazim they may not.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46439&pgnum=135 Nitai Gavriel 20:5]</ref> | # If there is a [[Pidyon Haben]] during the Three Weeks, according to Sephardim the father may shave or cut his hair,<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2 p. 335)</ref> while according to Ashkenazim they may not.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46439&pgnum=135 Nitai Gavriel 20:5]</ref> | ||
#It is forbidden to take a haircut for a bar mitzva.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 128. Rivevot Ephraim (1:337 and 2:155:20) and [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46439&pgnum=135 Nitei Gavriel 20:6] quoting some opinions allow for a bar mitzva boy to get a haircut until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. </ref> | #It is forbidden to take a haircut for a bar mitzva.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 128. Rivevot Ephraim (1:337 and 2:155:20) and [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46439&pgnum=135 Nitei Gavriel 20:6] quoting some opinions allow for a bar mitzva boy to get a haircut until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. </ref> | ||
#Some say if one’s hair is so long that it is a chatzitzah for [[tefillin]] then one is permitted to get a haircut.<ref>Shalmei Moed page 476, Nitei Gavriel 19:7 </ref> | #Some say that if one’s hair is so long that it is a chatzitzah for [[tefillin]] then one is permitted to get a haircut.<ref>Shalmei Moed page 476, Nitei Gavriel 19:7 </ref> | ||
#It is permitted to cut one's hair during the Three Weeks if it will cause great monetary loss, but not during the week of Tisha B'av. If it will not cause loss, it is prohibited even if the hair makes him uncomfortable.<ref>Iggerot Moshe OC 4:102. See Igros Moshe Choshen Mishpat 93. see also See also Halichos Shlomo Moadim vol. 2 page 414 </ref> | #It is permitted to cut one's hair during the Three Weeks if it will cause great monetary loss, but not during the week of Tisha B'av. If it will not cause loss, it is prohibited even if the hair makes him uncomfortable.<ref>Iggerot Moshe OC 4:102. See Igros Moshe Choshen Mishpat 93. see also See also Halichos Shlomo Moadim vol. 2 page 414 </ref> | ||
#Some poskim allow a child under the age of six to get a haircut.<ref>Iggerot Moshe YD 1:224 and Aruch Hashulchan 551:31. Mishna Brurah 551:81 and Shaar Hatziyun 551:91 as well as the Chayei Adam 133:18 conclude that children even below 6 should not get haircuts and bring two reasons from the Terumat Hadeshen 142. One being [[chinuch]], in which case it would only apply to older than six and the other being "agmat nefesh," meaning it makes people feel more pain to see children [[mourning]], in which case it would apply to even children under 6. Chanoch lanaar 21:2:1, Nitei Gavriel 20:7, Rivevot Ephraim 1:336:2, 2:155:19 say that if an upsherin falls out during the Three Weeks one should either push it up or postpone it. Torat Yekutiel 1:47 is lenient. </ref> | #Some poskim allow a child under the age of six to get a haircut.<ref>Iggerot Moshe YD 1:224 and Aruch Hashulchan 551:31. Mishna Brurah 551:81 and Shaar Hatziyun 551:91 as well as the Chayei Adam 133:18 conclude that children even below 6 should not get haircuts and bring two reasons from the Terumat Hadeshen 142. One being [[chinuch]], in which case it would only apply to older than six and the other being "agmat nefesh," meaning it makes people feel more pain to see children [[mourning]], in which case it would apply to even children under 6. Chanoch lanaar 21:2:1, Nitei Gavriel 20:7, Rivevot Ephraim 1:336:2, 2:155:19 say that if an upsherin falls out during the Three Weeks one should either push it up or postpone it. Torat Yekutiel 1:47 is lenient. </ref> | ||
#It is permitted to comb and style one's hair during the Three Weeks and [[Nine Days]] and one doesn't have to worry that one will pull out hairs.<ref>Eliya Rabba 551:7, Shaare Teshuva 551:12, Mishna Brurah 551:20, Aruch Hashulchan 551:15, Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:35, Ben Ish Chai Devarim 14, Kaf Hachayim 551:46. </ref> | #It is permitted to comb and style one's hair during the Three Weeks and [[Nine Days]], and one doesn't have to worry that one will pull out hairs.<ref>Eliya Rabba 551:7, Shaare Teshuva 551:12, Mishna Brurah 551:20, Aruch Hashulchan 551:15, Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:35, Ben Ish Chai Devarim 14, Kaf Hachayim 551:46. </ref> | ||
#The poskim debate if one can trim his eyebrows during the Three Weeks.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in Nitei Gavriel Bein Hametzarim pg. 130) says that may not do so during the Three Weeks either. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo vol. 2: pg. 414) disagrees and permits it. Devar Halachah 9, Shalmei Moed page 477 agrees. </ref> | #The poskim debate if one can trim his eyebrows during the Three Weeks.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in Nitei Gavriel Bein Hametzarim pg. 130) says that may not do so during the Three Weeks either. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo vol. 2: pg. 414) disagrees and permits it. Devar Halachah 9, Shalmei Moed page 477 agrees. </ref> | ||
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===Wigs=== | ===Wigs=== | ||
#Women may get their sheitels cut or styled during the Three Weeks | #Women may get their sheitels cut or styled during the Three Weeks, as sheitels are considered their garments, not their hair.<ref>Nitei Gavriel (Bein Hamitzarim pg. 139) </ref> | ||
==Shaving== | ==Shaving== | ||
#There is a general prohibition of [[shaving]] during the Three Weeks | #There is a general prohibition of [[shaving]] during the Three Weeks. However, there are several situations which may warrant [[shaving]], including a person who shaves everyday, [[shaving]] for work, and [[shaving]] for Kavod [[Shabbat]]. As each one of these is a dispute and unclear if it is totally permissible, a person should follow his father’s minhag or ask his local Rabbi for guidance.<ref>Since S”A 551:12 rules that it’s forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] as a din from the Gemara it would seem clear that it’s forbidden to shave during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. Additionally, Ashkenazim who follow the Rama shouldn’t be able to shave during the entire Three Weeks as Rama 551:4 writes that the minhagim of the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] apply to the entire Three Weeks. However, there are several leniencies in the Achronim. | ||
*(1) [[Shaving]] Regularly: Magen Avraham 551:14 explains that the reason the Rama is strict by cutting hair all three week and is lenient by washing clothes (that it should only begin from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av) is because it wasn’t common to cut hair every week. This Magen Avraham is brought by the Achronim including the Chaye Adam 133:17, and Mishna Brurah 551:32. Additionally, Aruch HaShulchan 551:16 explains that it takes 3 weeks of not cutting hair to make it recognizable that one is in [[mourning]]. Based on this, Shearim Metzuyanim BeHalacha 122:5 says that those who usually shave every 2-3 days should be able to shave since for them it’s just like washing clothes. Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Vol Arba Taniot pg 162) based on this M”A says that seemingly, Ashkenazim should be allowed to shave for Kavod [[Shabbat]] prior to the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. However, Sh”t Shaar Zekenim pg 88a (quoted by Kaf HaChaim 551:65), Shivilei Dovid 551:4, and Rav Vozner in Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 10:81:3 reject this leniency based on the minhag to be strict for all circumstances. | *(1) [[Shaving]] Regularly: Magen Avraham 551:14 explains that the reason the Rama is strict by cutting hair all three week and is lenient by washing clothes (that it should only begin from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av) is because it wasn’t common to cut hair every week. This Magen Avraham is brought by the Achronim including the Chaye Adam 133:17, and Mishna Brurah 551:32. Additionally, Aruch HaShulchan 551:16 explains that it takes 3 weeks of not cutting hair to make it recognizable that one is in [[mourning]]. Based on this, Shearim Metzuyanim BeHalacha 122:5 says that those who usually shave every 2-3 days should be able to shave since for them it’s just like washing clothes. Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Vol Arba Taniot pg 162) based on this M”A says that seemingly, Ashkenazim should be allowed to shave for Kavod [[Shabbat]] prior to the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. However, Sh”t Shaar Zekenim pg 88a (quoted by Kaf HaChaim 551:65), Shivilei Dovid 551:4, and Rav Vozner in Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 10:81:3 reject this leniency based on the minhag to be strict for all circumstances. | ||
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==Dancing== | ==Dancing== | ||
#Dancing is forbidden during the Three Weeks even not in the context of a joyous occasion.<ref>Magen Avraham 551:10 says explicitly that it is forbidden to dance during the Three Weeks even if not in the context of a joyous occasion such as an engagement. The Eliya Rabba 551:6, Pri Megadim E"A 551:10, Baer Hetiev 551:11, Mishna Brurah 551:16, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Devarim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 560, Kitzur S”A 551:9), Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 149), Simchat Cohen 162, and Lehorot Natan 10:49 all concur that dancing is forbidden during the Three Weeks. </ref> | #Dancing is forbidden during the Three Weeks, even if not done in the context of a joyous occasion.<ref>Magen Avraham 551:10 says explicitly that it is forbidden to dance during the Three Weeks even if not in the context of a joyous occasion such as an engagement. The Eliya Rabba 551:6, Pri Megadim E"A 551:10, Baer Hetiev 551:11, Mishna Brurah 551:16, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Devarim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 560, Kitzur S”A 551:9), Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 149), Simchat Cohen 162, and Lehorot Natan 10:49 all concur that dancing is forbidden during the Three Weeks. </ref> | ||
#Some poskim are lenient to permit dancing at a sheva brachot during the Three Weeks for someone who got married before the Three Weeks.<ref>Lehorot Natan 10:49 explains that not dancing during the Three Weeks is a minhag but making the chatan and kallah happy at sheva brachot is a biblical or rabbinic obligation.</ref> Other poskim forbid it and even recommend not having a sheva brachot meal.<ref>Keneh Bosem 3:36. Nitai Gavriel (Three Weeks 6:5) cites poskim about this dispute.</ref> | #Some poskim are lenient to permit dancing at a sheva brachot during the Three Weeks for someone who got married before the Three Weeks.<ref>Lehorot Natan 10:49 explains that not dancing during the Three Weeks is a minhag but making the chatan and kallah happy at sheva brachot is a biblical or rabbinic obligation.</ref> Other poskim forbid it and even recommend not having a sheva brachot meal.<ref>Keneh Bosem 3:36. Nitai Gavriel (Three Weeks 6:5) cites poskim about this dispute.</ref> | ||
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#The Ashkenazic custom is not to bathe or shower for all Nine Days even in cold water. The Sephardic custom is only to refrain from a warm bath or shower for the week of [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref>Rambam Hilchot Taaniot 5:6 writes that the custom is not to bathe or shower in warm water the week of Tisha BeAv. Mordechai Taanit 639, however, writes that it begins from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. Both opinions are quoted in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:16. Rama 551:16 writes that Ashkenazim begin this practice from Rosh Chodesh Av. Mishna Brurah 551:94 agrees. For Sephardim, Kaf Hachayim 551:186 writes that a person should follow the custom of the place where you are living. Yechave Daat 1:38 holds that the Sephardic custom is that one is permitted to shower in cold water throughout. Also, the Sephardic custom is only to stop using hot water for the week of [[Tisha BeAv]].</ref> | #The Ashkenazic custom is not to bathe or shower for all Nine Days even in cold water. The Sephardic custom is only to refrain from a warm bath or shower for the week of [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref>Rambam Hilchot Taaniot 5:6 writes that the custom is not to bathe or shower in warm water the week of Tisha BeAv. Mordechai Taanit 639, however, writes that it begins from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. Both opinions are quoted in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:16. Rama 551:16 writes that Ashkenazim begin this practice from Rosh Chodesh Av. Mishna Brurah 551:94 agrees. For Sephardim, Kaf Hachayim 551:186 writes that a person should follow the custom of the place where you are living. Yechave Daat 1:38 holds that the Sephardic custom is that one is permitted to shower in cold water throughout. Also, the Sephardic custom is only to stop using hot water for the week of [[Tisha BeAv]].</ref> | ||
#For [[Shabbat Chazon]], Ashkenazim hold that it is forbidden to bathe or shower one's whole body even in cold water. It is permitted to one's face, hands, feet, and | #For [[Shabbat Chazon]], Ashkenazim hold that it is forbidden to bathe or shower one's whole body even in cold water. It is permitted to wash one's face, hands, feet, and hair if one usually cleans that for Shabbat.<Ref>Rama 551:16, Mishna Brurah 551:94</ref> Sephardic poskim permit washing the whole body with hot water for Shabbat Chazon.<ref>Yechave Daat 1:38 </ref> | ||
#Many poskim hold that it is permitted to bathe or shower during the Nine Days | #Many poskim hold that it is permitted to bathe or shower during the Nine Days if the purpose is to remove dirt or sweat.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 551:37. Dirshu 551:109 quotes this same point from Rav Chaim Zonenfeld and Rav Moshe Feinstein. However, they also quote Rav Chaim Kanievsky who held that it is forbidden to take a full body shower during the Nine Days even to remove sweat. Also, Rav Elyashiv only permitted showering during the Nine Days for someone who showered every day even during the winter.</ref> | ||
#Men who have the custom to use the mikveh daily can continue to use a cold mikveh during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] even according to the custom that people wouldn't swim or shower.<ref>Kaf Hachayim 551:190, Ben Ish Chai Devarim 16, Yechave Daat 1:38 </ref> | #Men who have the custom to use the mikveh daily can continue to use a cold mikveh during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] , even according to the custom that people wouldn't swim or shower.<ref>Kaf Hachayim 551:190, Ben Ish Chai Devarim 16, Yechave Daat 1:38 </ref> | ||
==Listening to Music== | ==Listening to Music== | ||
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#If a Jew has to have a lawsuit with a non-Jew, he should avoid having it with him in Av, as this is a time of ill fortune for a Jew.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 551:1, Taanit 29b. Mishna Brurah 551:2 based on the Magen Avraham 551:2 says that this applies throughout the month of av until [[rosh chodesh]] [[elul]], but at the minimum until [[Tisha BeAv]]. This is the ruling of the Chayei Adam 133:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:7. Ben Ish Chai Devarim Halacha 1 says one should preferably wait until the fifteenth of av but really one has to wait until the tenth. </ref> | #If a Jew has to have a lawsuit with a non-Jew, he should avoid having it with him in Av, as this is a time of ill fortune for a Jew.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 551:1, Taanit 29b. Mishna Brurah 551:2 based on the Magen Avraham 551:2 says that this applies throughout the month of av until [[rosh chodesh]] [[elul]], but at the minimum until [[Tisha BeAv]]. This is the ruling of the Chayei Adam 133:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:7. Ben Ish Chai Devarim Halacha 1 says one should preferably wait until the fifteenth of av but really one has to wait until the tenth. </ref> | ||
===Fasting During the Three Weeks=== | ===Fasting During the Three Weeks=== | ||
#Although some have the custom to fast | #Although some have the custom to fast every day between the seventeenth of tammuz until the ninth of av, this should not be kept by a teacher of torah or somebody who is learning.<ref>Tur 551 and S”A 551:16 as well as the Chayei Adam 133:8 raise this minhag, but Birkei Yosef 551:7, Shaare Teshuva on S”A 551:16, Kaf Hachayim 551:191 and Mishna Brurah 90 say that this should not be done by a talmid chacham because he will not be able to focus on learning. </ref> | ||
===Hagomel=== | ===Hagomel=== | ||
#One is permitted to recite the bracha of [[Hagomel]] at any point during the Three Weeks, including [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2349 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | #One is permitted to recite the bracha of [[Hagomel]] at any point during the Three Weeks, including [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2349 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | ||
===Tikkun Chatzot=== | ===Tikkun Chatzot=== | ||
#It is | #It is praiseworthy to recite "tikkun Rachel" after chatzot (of the day), each day during the Three Weeks. This is in addition to the praiseworthy minhag to recite "[[tikkun chatzot]]" every night after chatzot. "Tikkun Rachel" should not be recited after chatzot of the day on Tish'a Bi'av itself. On Erev Rosh Chodesh, Rosh Chodesh, Erev Shabbat, and Shabbat, "tikkun Rachel" is not recited during the day. This applies to any day that tachanun is not recited as well. For example, the mohel, sandak, and avi haben, should not recite "tikkun Rachel" on the day of the berit milah. "Tikkun Chatzot" is not recited at night during a shemittah year, but a person may nevertheless recite "tikkun Rachel" during the day during the Three Weeks.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Arba Ta'aniyot page 128-129 </ref> | ||
===Travel and Recreation=== | ===Travel and Recreation=== | ||
# One shouldn't schedule trips and recreational activities for the Three Weeks.<ref>Mikraei Kodesh 5:1 quoting the Masa Chaim of Rav Chaim Palagi that the rabbis of his generation established that people shouldn't go on trips during the Three Weeks. He also writes that this is cited by the Sdei Chemed Ben Hametzarim 1:10 and Nitai Gavriel Ben Hametzarim 23 fnt. 7. He also quotes that he heard from Rav Shaul Yisraeli that one shoudln't go on recreational trips during the Three Weeks. </ref> Some say that if that is the only time a person has to take | # One shouldn't schedule trips and recreational activities for the Three Weeks.<ref>Mikraei Kodesh 5:1 quoting the Masa Chaim of Rav Chaim Palagi that the rabbis of his generation established that people shouldn't go on trips during the Three Weeks. He also writes that this is cited by the Sdei Chemed Ben Hametzarim 1:10 and Nitai Gavriel Ben Hametzarim 23 fnt. 7. He also quotes that he heard from Rav Shaul Yisraeli that one shoudln't go on recreational trips during the Three Weeks. </ref> Some say that if that is the only time a person has to take trips with his family, or it is for medical reasons, it is permitted until the Nine Days.<reF>Mikraei Kodesh 5:1 citing Rav Mordechai Eliyahu</ref> | ||
#During the Three Weeks one should refrain from going to dangerous places and should be even more careful during the [[Nine Days]].<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 551:1, 46. Also see [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1682 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]. </ref> | #During the Three Weeks one should refrain from going to dangerous places and should be even more careful during the [[Nine Days]].<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 551:1, 46. Also see [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1682 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]. </ref> | ||
#If possible, one should avoid flying on an airplane during the Nine Days.<ref>Halichot Shlomo 14:24</ref> | #If possible, one should avoid flying on an airplane during the Nine Days.<ref>Halichot Shlomo 14:24</ref> | ||
