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[[Image:Sefirah.jpg|thumb|right|The first day of the Omer on Bet Midrash Gavoha's Sefira Calendar]]
[[Image:Sefirah.jpg|thumb|right|The first day of the Omer on Bet Midrash Gavoha's Sefira Calendar]]
There is a Torah obligation to count the days of the Omer stated in the Pasuk <ref>(Vayikra 23:15-16) </ref> as follows: וספרתם לכם ממחרת השבת מיום הביאכם את עמר התנופה שבע שבתות תמימת תהיינה: עד ממחרת השבת השביעת תספרו חמשים יום והקרבתם מנחה חדשה ליהוה:. The Mitzvah is to count 49 days (counting the days and the weeks) from the second day of [[Pesach]] (when the Korban HaOmer was brought) until [[Shavuot]]. The mitzvah applies nowadays. <Ref> Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvah Mitzvot Aseh #161) counts this as one mitzvah to count days and weeks and not as two separate mitzvot, seemingly based on the gemara menachot 66a. See Tosfot Menachot 65b s.v. Ketuv who asks why we only count 49 days when the Pasuk says to count 50 days and answers that the pasuk doesn't mean from the Korban Omer until the day after Ha[[Shabbat]] HaShevit count 50 days but rather means to from the Korban Omer until the day after Hashabbat HaShevit which is the 50th day one should count (up to but not including). Alternatively Tosfot answers that the command to count to the number 50 in the pasuk refers to when the Korban Shtei HaLechem is brought and not the count of the Omer. </ref>
There is a Torah obligation to count the days of the Omer stated in the Pasuk <ref>(Vayikra 23:15-16) </ref> as follows: וספרתם לכם ממחרת השבת מיום הביאכם את עמר התנופה שבע שבתות תמימת תהיינה: עד ממחרת השבת השביעת תספרו חמשים יום והקרבתם מנחה חדשה ליהוה:. The Mitzvah is to count 49 days (counting the days and the weeks) from the second day of [[Pesach]] (when the Korban HaOmer was brought) until [[Shavuot]]. The mitzvah applies nowadays. <ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvah Mitzvot Aseh #161) counts this as one mitzvah to count days and weeks and not as two separate mitzvot, seemingly based on the gemara menachot 66a. See Tosfot Menachot 65b s.v. Ketuv who asks why we only count 49 days when the Pasuk says to count 50 days and answers that the pasuk doesn't mean from the Korban Omer until the day after Ha[[Shabbat]] HaShevit count 50 days but rather means to from the Korban Omer until the day after Hashabbat HaShevit which is the 50th day one should count (up to but not including). Alternatively Tosfot answers that the command to count to the number 50 in the pasuk refers to when the Korban Shtei HaLechem is brought and not the count of the Omer. </ref>


==Procedure of counting Sefirat HaOmer==
==Procedure of counting Sefirat HaOmer==
# The bracha to be recited before counting the Omer is  ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על ספירת העומר - Baruch Atta Hashem Elokeinu Melech HaOlam Asher Kideshanu BeMitzvotav VeTzivanu Al Sefirat HaOmer.<ref>The Levush 489:1 records the text of the Bracha to be said before counting the sefira as Al Sefirat HaOmer. This is also evident from Shulchan Aruch 489:2</ref>
 
# One should say the Sefirat HaOmer standing up. If one said it sitting, one fulfilled one's obligation after the fact.<Ref>Rosh (Pesachim 10:41) and Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:23) write that Sefirat HaOmer should be said standing. S”A 489:1 codifies this halacha that one should say Sefirat HaOmer while standing. The Rambam adds that, if one did say it while seated one fulfills one's obligation after the fact. The Mishna Brurah 489:6 concurs. Mishna Brurah adds that one should stand also for the bracha. </ref>
#The bracha to be recited before counting the Omer is  ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על ספירת העומר - Baruch Atta Hashem Elokeinu Melech HaOlam Asher Kideshanu BeMitzvotav VeTzivanu Al Sefirat HaOmer.<ref>The Levush 489:1 records the text of the Bracha to be said before counting the sefira as Al Sefirat HaOmer. This is also evident from Shulchan Aruch 489:2</ref>
# There is a dispute if a person can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer by listening to someone else count. Therefore, one should avoid doing so. However, one may fulfill the bracha by listening to someone else count.<Ref>There is a major dispute amongst the Rishonim if [[Shomea KeOneh]] is operable by Sefirat HaOmer. The Ramban (Pesachim 7a s.v. VeAni) implies that you can't Sefirat HaOmer with [[Shomea KeOneh]], since in theory we should have said the bracha with a lamed as it can't be fulfilled by someone else. Rashi (Menachot 65b) also seems to say that Shomea KeOneh doesn't work since the Torah wanted each and every person to count. However, the Rashba 1:458 implies that the congregation can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer with [[Shomea KeOnah]]. The Beiur Halacha 489 s.v. UMitzvah quotes the Maharitz Geyitz and Orchot Chaim as saying that Shomea KeOnah is effective for Sefirat HaOmer. In conclusion, the Beiur Halacha writes that one should avoid using Shomea KeOnah for Sefirat HaOmer. Nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 489:5 points out that there's no dispute that Shomea KeOnah is effective for the bracha.</ref>
#One should say the Sefirat HaOmer standing up. If one said it sitting, one fulfilled one's obligation after the fact.<ref>Rosh (Pesachim 10:41) and Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:23) write that Sefirat HaOmer should be said standing. S”A 489:1 codifies this halacha that one should say Sefirat HaOmer while standing. The Rambam adds that, if one did say it while seated one fulfills one's obligation after the fact. The Mishna Brurah 489:6 concurs. Mishna Brurah adds that one should stand also for the bracha. </ref>
# If a person read an email or text aloud stating that today was such-and-such in the Omer and didn't have intent to fulfill one's obligation, if it was after the seventh day one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation since he has not mentioned weeks and may count afterwards with a bracha.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=1629 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> However, if it was read without verbal expression or just mentally expressed, one certainly doesn't fulfill one's obligation. <ref>Pri Chadash 489:6</ref>
#There is a dispute if a person can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer by listening to someone else count. Therefore, one should avoid doing so. However, one may fulfill the bracha by listening to someone else count.<ref>There is a major dispute amongst the Rishonim if [[Shomea KeOneh]] is operable by Sefirat HaOmer. The Ramban (Pesachim 7a s.v. VeAni) implies that you can't Sefirat HaOmer with [[Shomea KeOneh]], since in theory we should have said the bracha with a lamed as it can't be fulfilled by someone else. Rashi (Menachot 65b) also seems to say that Shomea KeOneh doesn't work since the Torah wanted each and every person to count. However, the Rashba 1:458 implies that the congregation can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer with [[Shomea KeOnah]]. The Beiur Halacha 489 s.v. UMitzvah quotes the Maharitz Geyitz and Orchot Chaim as saying that Shomea KeOnah is effective for Sefirat HaOmer. In conclusion, the Beiur Halacha writes that one should avoid using Shomea KeOnah for Sefirat HaOmer. Nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 489:5 points out that there's no dispute that Shomea KeOnah is effective for the bracha.</ref>
# If a person wrote in a letter that today was such-and-such in the Omer there is a dispute if one has fulfilled one's obligation and therefore, one should count again without a bracha.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:28 cites a dispute whether one has fulfilled his obligation and concludes that one should count again without a bracha.  The Aruch Hashulchan (O.C. 489:9) assumes that one cannot fulfill the mitzvah through writing. However, R’ Akiva Eiger (Teshuvos 1:29-32) and Chasam Sofer (Teshuvos 6:19) consider the possibility that “Kisiva Kidibur”, writing has the same Halachic status as speaking, and therefore after writing the sefira, a bracha may no longer be recited on a secondary counting. Rav Soloveitchik (Harerei Kedem, 2:110) suggested, that perhaps, even if in other areas of Halacha writing is not equivalent to speaking, sefiras haomer is unique and the mitzvah may be fulfilled with writing. This is because sefira does not require verbalization. Rather, the person must list the correct date in some manner and writing would be sufficient to do so even without articulation. See [[Birchot_HaTorah#What_Type_of_Learning_Requires_Birchot_HaTorah.3F]] for a similar discussion.</ref>
#If a person read an email or text aloud stating that today was such-and-such in the Omer and didn't have intent to fulfill one's obligation, if it was after the seventh day one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation since he has not mentioned weeks and may count afterwards with a bracha.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=1629 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> However, if it was read without verbal expression or just mentally expressed, one certainly doesn't fulfill one's obligation. <ref>Pri Chadash 489:6</ref>
#If a person wrote in a letter that today was such-and-such in the Omer there is a dispute if one has fulfilled one's obligation and therefore, one should count again without a bracha.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:28 cites a dispute whether one has fulfilled his obligation and concludes that one should count again without a bracha.  The Aruch Hashulchan (O.C. 489:9) assumes that one cannot fulfill the mitzvah through writing. However, R’ Akiva Eiger (Teshuvos 1:29-32) and Chasam Sofer (Teshuvos 6:19) consider the possibility that “Kisiva Kidibur”, writing has the same Halachic status as speaking, and therefore after writing the sefira, a bracha may no longer be recited on a secondary counting. Rav Soloveitchik (Harerei Kedem, 2:110) suggested, that perhaps, even if in other areas of Halacha writing is not equivalent to speaking, sefiras haomer is unique and the mitzvah may be fulfilled with writing. This is because sefira does not require verbalization. Rather, the person must list the correct date in some manner and writing would be sufficient to do so even without articulation. See [[Birchot_HaTorah#What_Type_of_Learning_Requires_Birchot_HaTorah.3F]] for a similar discussion.</ref>


==When to Count Sefira==
==When to Count Sefira==
# According to most poskim, it is correct to wait until Tzet Hakochavim in order to count [[sefirat haomer]]; however, one fulfills his obligation by counting after sunset. <Ref>  
 
* Tosfot (Menachot 66a s.v. zecher) has one opinion who says that one may count sefira during [[Bein HaShemashot]] since sefira is only derabbanan. Rosh (Pesachim 10:40) and Tur 489:1 agree. However, the Ran (Pesachim 28a) argues that it’s not proper to enter a safek initially. Similarly, Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:22) rules that sefira should be counted at night.  
#According to most poskim, it is correct to wait until Tzet Hakochavim in order to count [[sefirat haomer]]; however, one fulfills his obligation by counting after sunset. <ref>*Tosfot (Menachot 66a s.v. zecher) has one opinion who says that one may count sefira during [[Bein HaShemashot]] since sefira is only derabbanan. Rosh (Pesachim 10:40) and Tur 489:1 agree. However, the Ran (Pesachim 28a) argues that it’s not proper to enter a safek initially. Similarly, Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:22) rules that sefira should be counted at night.
* Bet Yosef 489:1 quotes this dispute, and his ruling in S”A is unclear. Mishna Brurah 489:14 understands that S”A holds that the halacha follows Tosfot but that it is proper to wait until Tzet Hakochavim. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 232) agrees.
*Bet Yosef 489:1 quotes this dispute, and his ruling in S”A is unclear. Mishna Brurah 489:14 understands that S”A holds that the halacha follows Tosfot but that it is proper to wait until Tzet Hakochavim. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 232) agrees.
* After the fact, if one counted during [[Bein HaShemashot]], Magen Avraham 489:6 writes that he has fulfilled his obligation. Beiur HaGra 489:3 and Mishna Brurah 489:15 agree. However, Eliyah Rabba 489:10 argues that one should count again after Tzet Hakochavim without a Bracha. </ref>
*After the fact, if one counted during [[Bein HaShemashot]], Magen Avraham 489:6 writes that he has fulfilled his obligation. Beiur HaGra 489:3 and Mishna Brurah 489:15 agree. However, Eliyah Rabba 489:10 argues that one should count again after Tzet Hakochavim without a Bracha.</ref>
# If one is praying in a [[minyan]] that finishes [[maariv]] after sunset and one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count then without a Bracha and mentally stipulate, "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." If one in fact remembers, he should count after Tzet Hakochavim with a Bracha. <ref>
#If one is praying in a [[minyan]] that finishes [[maariv]] after sunset and one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count then without a Bracha and mentally stipulate, "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." If one in fact remembers, he should count after Tzet Hakochavim with a Bracha. <ref>*The Avudraham (Tefillot HaPesach) writes that if one prays with an early [[minyan]], he should count without a Bracha, and if he remembers later, he should count with a Bracha. Shulchan Aruch 489:3 codifies this as the halacha. Taz 489:6 and Beiur HaGra 489:3 explain that the case is where the [[minyan]] finished during [[Bein HaShemashot]].
* The Avudraham (Tefillot HaPesach) writes that if one prays with an early [[minyan]], he should count without a Bracha, and if he remembers later, he should count with a Bracha. Shulchan Aruch 489:3 codifies this as the halacha. Taz 489:6 and Beiur HaGra 489:3 explain that the case is where the [[minyan]] finished during [[Bein HaShemashot]].  
*Mishna Brurah 489:17 writes that if one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count with the [[minyan]] without a Bracha and have in mind that if he remembers later to count with a Bracha, this original counting shouldn’t fulfill his obligation. Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger 46:16 and Aruch HaShulchan 489:8 agree. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] p. 233-4) adds that the stipulation should be "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." However, the Taz writes that making such a condition doesn’t work.
* Mishna Brurah 489:17 writes that if one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count with the [[minyan]] without a Bracha and have in mind that if he remembers later to count with a Bracha, this original counting shouldn’t fulfill his obligation. Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger 46:16 and Aruch HaShulchan 489:8 agree. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] p. 233-4) adds that the stipulation should be "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." However, the Taz writes that making such a condition doesn’t work.
*See, however, the Levush 489:3, who explains that the case is where the [[minyan]] finished before sunset, and the reason they counted was for Amei HaAretz who wouldn’t count later at night.</ref>
* See, however, the Levush 489:3, who explains that the case is where the [[minyan]] finished before sunset, and the reason they counted was for Amei HaAretz who wouldn’t count later at night. </ref>
#If one is going to pray [[maariv]] with a [[minyan]] that is late at night, some poskim hold that one should wait to count with the [[minyan]], while others say that one should count at Tzet Hakochavim. <ref>*S”A 489:1 writes that on the second night of [[Pesach]], one should count sefira after [[maariv]]. The Chok Yaakov 489:16 explains that this is based on the halacha of giving precedence to the more common activity (Tadir). However, Mor UKetziah 489:1 argues that Tadir doesn’t apply here since sefira is deoraitta, or at least the mitzvah is explicit in the pasuk even though nowadays it’s derabbanan, while [[tefillah]] is entirely derabbanan. Thus, he explains that sefira must be said in the beginning of the night (Tzet Hakochavim) because one shouldn’t delay a mitzvah.
# If one is going to pray [[maariv]] with a [[minyan]] that is late at night, some poskim hold that one should wait to count with the [[minyan]], while others say that one should count at Tzet Hakochavim. <Ref>  
*Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99(1) defends the Chok Yaakov and writes that one must wait to count sefira after [[maariv]] even if he prays later in the night. Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 18) agrees. On the other hand, Shevet HaLevi 6:53(3) agrees with the Mor UKetziah and says that if one is going to daven in a late [[minyan]], he should count by himself earlier, but he defends the minhag to wait to count with the [[minyan]] because otherwise many people would forget to count. Similarly, Halichot Shlomo (Tefilaa 16:16) also writes that the minhag is not to eat from the time of Sefirat HaOmer, and even if one still didn't pray [[Maariv]], one should count the sefira.</ref>
* S”A 489:1 writes that on the second night of [[Pesach]], one should count sefira after [[maariv]]. The Chok Yaakov 489:16 explains that this is based on the halacha of giving precedence to the more common activity (Tadir). However, Mor UKetziah 489:1 argues that Tadir doesn’t apply here since sefira is deoraitta, or at least the mitzvah is explicit in the pasuk even though nowadays it’s derabbanan, while [[tefillah]] is entirely derabbanan. Thus, he explains that sefira must be said in the beginning of the night (Tzet Hakochavim) because one shouldn’t delay a mitzvah.  
#If one counted during the day (before Plag [[Mincha]]) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation even if one Davened [[Mariv]] early and one must count it again that night with a Bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:2, Mishna Brurah 489:13, Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom</ref> However, because of a minority opinion who says one did fulfill one's obligation, some say one should count again at night without a bracha. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:47</ref>
* Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99(1) defends the Chok Yaakov and writes that one must wait to count sefira after [[maariv]] even if he prays later in the night. Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 18) agrees. On the other hand, Shevet HaLevi 6:53(3) agrees with the Mor UKetziah and says that if one is going to daven in a late [[minyan]], he should count by himself earlier, but he defends the minhag to wait to count with the [[minyan]] because otherwise many people would forget to count. Similarly, Halichot Shlomo (Tefilaa 16:16) also writes that the minhag is not to eat from the time of Sefirat HaOmer, and even if one still didn't pray [[Maariv]], one should count the sefira. </ref>  
#If one said [[Mariv]] before [[Shekiyah]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one shouldn’t count then but rather wait until at least [[Bein HaShemashot]], However if one did so then one should count again at night without a Bracha unless one didn’t daven [[mariv]] before [[Shekiyah]] in which case one should count again with a Bracha. <ref>Hilchot Chag BaChag (pg 29) </ref>
# If one counted during the day (before Plag [[Mincha]]) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation even if one Davened [[Mariv]] early and one must count it again that night with a Bracha. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:2, Mishna Brurah 489:13, Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom</ref> However, because of a minority opinion who says one did fulfill one's obligation, some say one should count again at night without a bracha. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:47</reF>
#If someone is insistent on saying [[Kriyat Shema]] at night after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] of Rabbenu Tam, one should also wait until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] in order to count Sefirat HaOmer. <ref>Piskei Shemuot ([[Shavuot]] pg 40-1) in name of Rav Nassim Karlitz </ref>
# If one said [[Mariv]] before [[Shekiyah]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one shouldn’t count then but rather wait until at least [[Bein HaShemashot]], However if one did so then one should count again at night without a Bracha unless one didn’t daven [[mariv]] before [[Shekiyah]] in which case one should count again with a Bracha. <Ref>Hilchot Chag BaChag (pg 29) </ref>
#One shouldn’t rely on the minhag to count after Plag [[Mincha]]. <ref>Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuvot (vol 3, end of chapter 4) quoted by Piskei Shemuot ([[Shavuot]] pg 42), Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom </ref>
# If someone is insistent on saying [[Kriyat Shema]] at night after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] of Rabbenu Tam, one should also wait until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] in order to count Sefirat HaOmer. <Ref>Piskei Shemuot ([[Shavuot]] pg 40-1) in name of Rav Nassim Karlitz </ref>
 
# One shouldn’t rely on the minhag to count after Plag [[Mincha]]. <Ref>Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuvot (vol 3, end of chapter 4) quoted by Piskei Shemuot ([[Shavuot]] pg 42), Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom </ref>
===Counting During the Day===
===Counting During the Day===
# If one forgot to count at night one can still count during the day without a bracha and continue to count the next night with a bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:7</ref>
 
# Sephardim have a minhag to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit every day so that in case someone forgot they will have fixed it.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 489:80 and Yalkut Yosef 489:25 (Moadim n. 18) write that the minhag is to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit each day so that if someone forgot to count at night they will have counted during the day and continue the next night.</ref> Ashkenazim don't have that minhag.<ref>Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:247 writes that the Ashkenazi minhag is not to count each day after Shacharit because doing so would be considered baal tosif to validate the day for sefirat haomer which isn't true according to some rishonim. Rivevot Efraim 1:331 writes that in fact this difference of minhagim appears in the Maharshal (end of Bava Kama n. 44) that in Israel they would count after Shacharit each day but in Bavel they wouldn't.</ref>
#If one forgot to count at night one can still count during the day without a bracha and continue to count the next night with a bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:7</ref>
#If someone forgot until sunset, it is possible to count during ben hashemashot and later that night continue to count with a bracha. In such a case a person should be careful to continue to count each subsequent day at night and not ben hashemashot. For this purpose a person should only employ the ben hashemashot of the geonim and not rabbenu tam.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 489:24, Chazon Ovadia p. 238</ref>
#If someone forgot to count until they accepted Shabbat and davened maariv early, it is still possible to count without a bracha, and then continue that night to count with a bracha.<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 240, Piskei Teshuvot 489:24 quoting the Shaarei Teshuva, Igrot Moshe 4:99, and Shraga Hameir 6:41 based on Taz 600</ref>
#Sephardim have a minhag to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit every day so that in case someone forgot they will have fixed it.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 489:80 and Yalkut Yosef 489:25 (Moadim n. 18) write that the minhag is to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit each day so that if someone forgot to count at night they will have counted during the day and continue the next night.</ref> Ashkenazim don't have that minhag.<ref>Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:247 writes that the Ashkenazi minhag is not to count each day after Shacharit because doing so would be considered baal tosif to validate the day for sefirat haomer which isn't true according to some rishonim. Rivevot Efraim 1:331 writes that in fact this difference of minhagim appears in the Maharshal (end of Bava Kama n. 44) that in Israel they would count after Shacharit each day but in Bavel they wouldn't.</ref>


==If one forgot to count==
==If one forgot to count==
# One should say the Sefirah in the beginning of the night, if one forgot one can say the Sefirah with a Bracha the entire night. <Ref> Tur 489:1 writes that if one forgot to count at the beginning of the night one can count all night. Perisha 489:1 quotes the Ran (Pesachim 28a s.v. VeBeHaggadah Gam Ken) who agrees. This is also the opinion of S”A 489:1. </ref>
 
# If one forgot to count the Omer an entire night and day one should continue to count without a Bracha. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 489:8, Yabia Omer 3:28. Mishna Brurah 489:36-37 explains that we continue counting to satisfy the opinions that say that you can, but don't say a beracha because of the opinions that you cannot, namely the Behag quoted by Tosafot Menachot 66a "zecher" that if you miss one night you can't count any longer because to fulfill the mitzva you need seven full weeks. Tosafot themselves disagree and say you can continue counting, as does Rabbeinu Yitzchak quoted in the Rosh Pesachim 10:41 because the Behag believes that the mitzva is only one long mitzva. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted by Rav Herschel Schachter in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 explains the behag not as saying that you need seven full weeks, but that you need the 49 consecutive days, and that is why the halacha is that if you count during the day even if you missed it the night before, you can continue through the rest of sefira with a beracha because you accomplished this obligation of consecutive nights. Sh"t Beit Halevi 1:39 says that since there is a mitzva to count days and weeks, if somebody misses a night in the middle of the week, he can count with a beracha on the nights that complete the week. Shearim mitzuyanim Bihalacha 120:4 says that nowadays when people miss a night they think they are exempt, and that is not what the Shulchan Aruch intended by saying that one should count without a beracha, and therefore, nowadays one should continue counting with a beracha. </ref>
#One should say the Sefirah in the beginning of the night, if one forgot one can say the Sefirah with a Bracha the entire night. <ref>Tur 489:1 writes that if one forgot to count at the beginning of the night one can count all night. Perisha 489:1 quotes the Ran (Pesachim 28a s.v. VeBeHaggadah Gam Ken) who agrees. This is also the opinion of S”A 489:1. </ref>
# If one is unsure whether one missed an entire day one should continue to count with a Bracha. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 489:8 </ref>
#If one forgot to count the Omer an entire night and day one should continue to count without a Bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:8, Yabia Omer 3:28. Mishna Brurah 489:36-37 explains that we continue counting to satisfy the opinions that say that you can, but don't say a beracha because of the opinions that you cannot, namely the Behag quoted by Tosafot Menachot 66a "zecher" that if you miss one night you can't count any longer because to fulfill the mitzva you need seven full weeks. Tosafot themselves disagree and say you can continue counting, as does Rabbeinu Yitzchak quoted in the Rosh Pesachim 10:41 because the Behag believes that the mitzva is only one long mitzva. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted by Rav Herschel Schachter in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 explains the behag not as saying that you need seven full weeks, but that you need the 49 consecutive days, and that is why the halacha is that if you count during the day even if you missed it the night before, you can continue through the rest of sefira with a beracha because you accomplished this obligation of consecutive nights. Sh"t Beit Halevi 1:39 says that since there is a mitzva to count days and weeks, if somebody misses a night in the middle of the week, he can count with a beracha on the nights that complete the week. Shearim mitzuyanim Bihalacha 120:4 says that nowadays when people miss a night they think they are exempt, and that is not what the Shulchan Aruch intended by saying that one should count without a beracha, and therefore, nowadays one should continue counting with a beracha. </ref>
# If one forgot to count one entire day and night, some say that one can be the Shaliach Tzibbur and make the bracha for others, however, others argue that one may not do so, rather once one missed a night and day, one may not count with a bracha but one may listen to someone making the bracha for himself.<ref>Pri [[Chadash]] 489:8 quotes one Rabbi who said that just like the Shaliach Tzibbur can make the [[brachot]] of chazarat hashatz even if no one in the congregation needs those [[brachot]] to fulfill an obligation, so too a Shaliach Tzibbur may make tha bracha of Sefirat HaOmer even if he isn't obligated in that bracha because he missed a day. However, the Pri [[Chadash]] argues that once he missed a day he isn't considered mechuyachav in the mitzvah of sefiarh according to that opinion that one may not miss any days. He compares it to the Yerushalmi which says that a person who lives in a city that reads the [[megillah]] on the 14th can't fulfill the obligation of a person who lives in a walled city who reads the [[megillah]] on the 15th. He argues that even Rashi ([[Megillah]] 2a) who seems to argue on the Yerushalmi, doesn't really disagree (see also Tosfot Yevamot 14a s.v. Ki).</ref>
#If one is unsure whether one missed an entire day one should continue to count with a Bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:8 </ref>
# If a person counted in a self-contradictory manner, like saying the correct number of days but wrong number of weeks or vice versa and he didn't fix it by the next night, he can only continue to count without a beracha. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=563 Rabbi Eli Mansour Dailyhalacha] </ref>
#If one forgot to count one entire day and night, some say that one can be the Shaliach Tzibbur and make the bracha for others, however, others argue that one may not do so, rather once one missed a night and day, one may not count with a bracha but one may listen to someone making the bracha for himself.<ref>Pri [[Chadash]] 489:8 quotes one Rabbi who said that just like the Shaliach Tzibbur can make the [[brachot]] of chazarat hashatz even if no one in the congregation needs those [[brachot]] to fulfill an obligation, so too a Shaliach Tzibbur may make tha bracha of Sefirat HaOmer even if he isn't obligated in that bracha because he missed a day. However, the Pri [[Chadash]] argues that once he missed a day he isn't considered mechuyachav in the mitzvah of sefiarh according to that opinion that one may not miss any days. He compares it to the Yerushalmi which says that a person who lives in a city that reads the [[megillah]] on the 14th can't fulfill the obligation of a person who lives in a walled city who reads the [[megillah]] on the 15th. He argues that even Rashi ([[Megillah]] 2a) who seems to argue on the Yerushalmi, doesn't really disagree (see also Tosfot Yevamot 14a s.v. Ki).</ref>
#If a person counted in a self-contradictory manner, like saying the correct number of days but wrong number of weeks or vice versa and he didn't fix it by the next night, he can only continue to count without a beracha. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=563 Rabbi Eli Mansour Dailyhalacha] </ref>


==If someone asks the day of the Omer==
==If someone asks the day of the Omer==
# If someone asks "What day of the Omer is it?" if one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation yet, one should answer that "yesterday was such and such" rather than answering "today is such and such in the Omer" because if one were to do so, then one would fulfill one's obligation without having made the Bracha (and wouldn't be allowed to then say the Bracha). <ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref>
 
# If it's before [[Shekiah]] then one may answer the day in the Omer in a straightforward manner and still say that night's Omer with a Bracha. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref>However, because of a minority opinion that one fulfills one's obligation by counting after Plag [[Mincha]], even before [[Shekiyah]], one should be careful not to answer in a straightforward manner but rather say "yesterday was such and such".<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:52 quoting Shulchan Aruch 489:15</ref>
#If someone asks "What day of the Omer is it?" if one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation yet, one should answer that "yesterday was such and such" rather than answering "today is such and such in the Omer" because if one were to do so, then one would fulfill one's obligation without having made the Bracha (and wouldn't be allowed to then say the Bracha).<ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref>
# If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the number of the Omer without saying the number of weeks many authoriites hold that one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation and one should repeat the counting with a Bracha <ref> Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 ([http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1834&st=&pgnum=16&hilite= see it inside]) argues at length that the mitzvah includes an element of counting the days and an element of counting weeks and if one lacks either one the obligation wasn't fulfilled and one should repeat it with a Bracha. The Mishna Brurah 489:22 (and Shaar HaTziyun 489:28) hold like the Eliyah Rabba who also holds that if one didn't count the weeks one must repeat the counting with a Bracha. </ref>, while others argue that one should repeat the counting without a Bracha <ref> Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>, and some make a compromise to obligate one in repeating the counting with a Bracha on days when a week is completed. <ref> Shaar HaTziyun 489:28 in name of the Pri [[Chadash]] </ref>
#If it's before [[Shekiah]] then one may answer the day in the Omer in a straightforward manner and still say that night's Omer with a Bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:4 </ref> However, because of a minority opinion that one fulfills one's obligation by counting after Plag [[Mincha]], even before [[Shekiyah]], one should be careful not to answer in a straightforward manner but rather say "yesterday was such and such".<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:52 quoting Shulchan Aruch 489:15</ref>
# Some say that if a person answered the number in abbreviation (such as Lag for 33 or Dalet for 4) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and one should repeat counting the Sefirah with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref> while others hold that one fulfills one's obligation with an abbreviation and one should not repeat the Omer with a Bracha. <ref> Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>
#If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the number of the Omer without saying the number of weeks many authoriites hold that one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation and one should repeat the counting with a Bracha <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 ([http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1834&st=&pgnum=16&hilite= see it inside]) argues at length that the mitzvah includes an element of counting the days and an element of counting weeks and if one lacks either one the obligation wasn't fulfilled and one should repeat it with a Bracha. The Mishna Brurah 489:22 (and Shaar HaTziyun 489:28) hold like the Eliyah Rabba who also holds that if one didn't count the weeks one must repeat the counting with a Bracha. </ref>, while others argue that one should repeat the counting without a Bracha <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>, and some make a compromise to obligate one in repeating the counting with a Bracha on days when a week is completed. <ref>Shaar HaTziyun 489:28 in name of the Pri [[Chadash]] </ref>
# If a person made the Bracha and then said the number in abbreviation one shouldn’t repeat the counting with a Bracha (since he clearly intended to fulfill his obligation and there is some significance to an abbreviation.)<Ref> Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref>
#Some say that if a person answered the number in abbreviation (such as Lag for 33 or Dalet for 4) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and one should repeat counting the Sefirah with a Bracha. <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref> while others hold that one fulfills one's obligation with an abbreviation and one should not repeat the Omer with a Bracha. <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>
# If one makes the Bracha and counts by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine one has fulfilled one's obligation. <ref> The Pri HaAretz Siman 10 quotes the Mahari Malcho who says that if on the 39th day one said that tonight is 40 minus 1 one fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also quoted by the Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Mi SheShachach, Bear Hetiev 489:8, Yad Aharon (on the Tur Siman 489 s.v. Im Amar). </ref>
#If a person made the Bracha and then said the number in abbreviation one shouldn’t repeat the counting with a Bracha (since he clearly intended to fulfill his obligation and there is some significance to an abbreviation.)<ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref>
# If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine, some say that one fulfilled one's obligation, while others disagree and hold that one should repeat the counting with a Bracha. <ref> Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses), Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Im Shoalo Chavero </ref>
#If one makes the Bracha and counts by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine one has fulfilled one's obligation. <ref>The Pri HaAretz Siman 10 quotes the Mahari Malcho who says that if on the 39th day one said that tonight is 40 minus 1 one fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also quoted by the Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Mi SheShachach, Bear Hetiev 489:8, Yad Aharon (on the Tur Siman 489 s.v. Im Amar). </ref>
# If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying that tomorrow the Omer is such and such (and it's implied that today's Omer is one less) nonetheless one has not fulfilled one's obligation and one must repeat counting the Omer with a Bracha. <ref> Sh"t Vayan Avraham Siman 35 and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 247) based on the distinction of the Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses)</ref>
#If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine, some say that one fulfilled one's obligation, while others disagree and hold that one should repeat the counting with a Bracha. <ref>Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses), Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Im Shoalo Chavero </ref>
#If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying that tomorrow the Omer is such and such (and it's implied that today's Omer is one less) nonetheless one has not fulfilled one's obligation and one must repeat counting the Omer with a Bracha. <ref>Sh"t Vayan Avraham Siman 35 and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 247) based on the distinction of the Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses)</ref>


==Eating before counting the Omer==
==Eating before counting the Omer==
# From a half hour before the time for sefira (according to some poskim, this refers to sunset, while others maintain that it refers to Tzet Hakochavim), one shouldn’t eat a meal until he counts sefira. More than a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread is considered a meal, however, even a lot of fruit isn’t a meal. There is a dispute whether [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] is considered like bread for this halacha. Nonetheless, many poskim defend the minhag to eat before sefira if one regularly attends a later [[minyan]].<ref>
 
* Rama 489:4 writes that from the time of sefira, it is forbidden to eat until one counts. Mishna Brurah 489:23 writes that really the prohibition begins from a half hour before Tzet Hakochavim, while the S”A HaRav 489:17 and Kaf HaChaim 489:64 hold that the prohibition begins from a half hour before sunset.  
#From a half hour before the time for sefira (according to some poskim, this refers to sunset, while others maintain that it refers to Tzet Hakochavim), one shouldn’t eat a meal until he counts sefira. More than a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread is considered a meal, however, even a lot of fruit isn’t a meal. There is a dispute whether [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] is considered like bread for this halacha. Nonetheless, many poskim defend the minhag to eat before sefira if one regularly attends a later [[minyan]].<ref>*Rama 489:4 writes that from the time of sefira, it is forbidden to eat until one counts. Mishna Brurah 489:23 writes that really the prohibition begins from a half hour before Tzet Hakochavim, while the S”A HaRav 489:17 and Kaf HaChaim 489:64 hold that the prohibition begins from a half hour before sunset.
* Kaf HaChaim 489:66 clarifies that it is forbidden only to eat a meal that fits the criteria given by S”A 232:3, meaning more than a KeBeitzah of bread; fruit, even in large quantities, is not considered a meal. Yalkut Yosef 489:43 and Hilchot Chag BeChag (p. 16) write that Pat HaBah Bekisnin is the same as bread for this halacha; Nitei Gavriel 26:5 disagrees.  
*Kaf HaChaim 489:66 clarifies that it is forbidden only to eat a meal that fits the criteria given by S”A 232:3, meaning more than a KeBeitzah of bread; fruit, even in large quantities, is not considered a meal. Yalkut Yosef 489:43 and Hilchot Chag BeChag (p. 16) write that Pat HaBah Bekisnin is the same as bread for this halacha; Nitei Gavriel 26:5 disagrees.
* Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99 writes that the logic permitting a person to eat before [[maariv]] - namely, that if one usually prays in a [[minyan]] he won’t forget to pray - should also permit eating before sefira, even after Tzet Hakochavim. Az Nidbaru 6:52, Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 47), and Nitei Gavriel 26:4 agree. See Aruch HaShulchan 232:16, who records this leniency regarding [[mincha]]. </ref>
*Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99 writes that the logic permitting a person to eat before [[maariv]] - namely, that if one usually prays in a [[minyan]] he won’t forget to pray - should also permit eating before sefira, even after Tzet Hakochavim. Az Nidbaru 6:52, Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 47), and Nitei Gavriel 26:4 agree. See Aruch HaShulchan 232:16, who records this leniency regarding [[mincha]].</ref>
# Learning is permitted before sefira if one usually goes to a later [[minyan]]. <Ref> Regarding [[Shacharit]], Rashi [[Brachot]] 5b understands that Abba Binyamin wouldn’t learn before [[Davening]], however, Tosfot disagrees. Rosh 1:7 explains that Rashi meant only that a person who doesn’t usually pray with a [[minyan]] shouldn’t learn before praying. Someone who usually prays with a [[minyan]], on the other hand, is unlikely to forget to pray and thus may learn before praying. Tur and S”A 89:6 codify the Rosh as halacha. Mishna Brurah 232:11 writes that the same is true of [[mincha]]. Therefore, when Mishna Brurah 489:24 writes that doing any activity before [[counting sefira]] is the same as by [[mincha]], he means that it’s permitted if one usually davens with a [[minyan]]. </ref>
#Learning is permitted before sefira if one usually goes to a later [[minyan]]. <ref>Regarding [[Shacharit]], Rashi [[Brachot]] 5b understands that Abba Binyamin wouldn’t learn before [[Davening]], however, Tosfot disagrees. Rosh 1:7 explains that Rashi meant only that a person who doesn’t usually pray with a [[minyan]] shouldn’t learn before praying. Someone who usually prays with a [[minyan]], on the other hand, is unlikely to forget to pray and thus may learn before praying. Tur and S”A 89:6 codify the Rosh as halacha. Mishna Brurah 232:11 writes that the same is true of [[mincha]]. Therefore, when Mishna Brurah 489:24 writes that doing any activity before [[counting sefira]] is the same as by [[mincha]], he means that it’s permitted if one usually davens with a [[minyan]]. </ref>


==Who is obligated to count?==
==Who is obligated to count?==
# Women are exempt from counting since it’s a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. <Ref>Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:24, Sefer Hamitzvot #161) rules that women are exempt from counting Sefirah. This is brought in Bet Yosef 489:1 s.v. VeTzarich and is also the opinion of Magen Avraham 489:1 (who also quotes Zohar Titzaveh pg 319 to show women are exempt) and Mishna Brurah 489:3.<br> Interestingly, Ramban (Kiddushin 34a) holds that women are obligated ''because it is a Mitzvat Aseh She'ein HaZman Grama''. Many Acharonim grapple with this Ramban, as, seemingly, it's indeed time bound between Pesach and Shavuot. The Avnei Nezer (O.C. 384) postulates that since the Torah ties Sefirat HaOmer to the day after Yom Tov, and not Yom Tov itself, it's not really dependent on the 16th of Nissan, but the day before, and, therefore, SheHaZman Grama. In opposition, the Sridei Esh (vol. 2 Siman 116) argues that Zeman Grama means there is a specific interval of time in which one must fulfill the Mitzvah. Sefirat HaOmer isn't bound to a time interval, however, it itself is a time interval, in which we are obligated to acknowledge during each of its days. Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchic (Nefesh HaRav pg. 191, see also MiPininei HaRav pg. 124) and the editors of the Rambam Frankel (Sefer HaMitzvot ibid.) felt it was just a copyist error, as none of the Ramban's major Talmidim who usually quote his opinions cite it. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/854004/rabbi-hershel-schachter/sanhedrin-84-chazarah-6/ Rav Hershel Schachter] and [http://www.torahbase.org/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/ Rav Asher Weiss] point out how a recent discovery of the [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=49831&st=&pgnum=471&hilite= Sefer Imrei Shefer], Chiddushim of the son of the Maharam Chalawa, who was a Talmid of a Talmid of the Rashba, shed light on the matter. The son quotes his father, the Maharam Chalawah, who explains that Sefirah isn’t Zman Grama since the time doesn’t cause Sefirah, but the Korban HaOmer, just like Birkat HaMazon on Shabbat isn't Zeman Grama, as the Mitzvah of Seudat Shabbat is Gorem it. Rav Schachter felt that the Maharam Chalawah's explanation was most relevant, as it was coming from a Talmid from the same Beit Midrash who most probably had a masorah. For a more detailed discussion, see the above article by HaRav Asher Weiss, Biur Sefer HaMitzvot LeRav Saadia Gaon by Rav Yerucham Fischel Perlow (Mevo chapter 12, specifically s.v. veOmnam), and the essay by HaRav Shlomo Wahrman, Rosh Yeshiva of HANC, in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51478&st=&pgnum=360&hilite= Orot HaPesach], pg. 289.
 
* Shulchan Shlomo 489:3 writes that women shouldn't count [[sefirat haomer]] with a bracha because they might forget to count one night and they won't know the halacha (that they're supposed to continue without a bracha). </ref>
#Women are exempt from counting since it’s a [[Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama]]. <ref>Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:24, Sefer Hamitzvot #161) rules that women are exempt from counting Sefirah. This is brought in Bet Yosef 489:1 s.v. VeTzarich and is also the opinion of Magen Avraham 489:1 (who also quotes Zohar Titzaveh pg 319 to show women are exempt) and Mishna Brurah 489:3.<br> Interestingly, Ramban (Kiddushin 34a) holds that women are obligated ''because it is a Mitzvat Aseh She'ein HaZman Grama''. Many Acharonim grapple with this Ramban, as, seemingly, it's indeed time bound between Pesach and Shavuot. The Avnei Nezer (O.C. 384) postulates that since the Torah ties Sefirat HaOmer to the day after Yom Tov, and not Yom Tov itself, it's not really dependent on the 16th of Nissan, but the day before, and, therefore, SheHaZman Grama. In opposition, the Sridei Esh (vol. 2 Siman 116) argues that Zeman Grama means there is a specific interval of time in which one must fulfill the Mitzvah. Sefirat HaOmer isn't bound to a time interval, however, it itself is a time interval, in which we are obligated to acknowledge during each of its days. Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchic (Nefesh HaRav pg. 191, see also MiPininei HaRav pg. 124) and the editors of the Rambam Frankel (Sefer HaMitzvot ibid.) felt it was just a copyist error, as none of the Ramban's major Talmidim who usually quote his opinions cite it. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/854004/rabbi-hershel-schachter/sanhedrin-84-chazarah-6/ Rav Hershel Schachter] and [http://www.torahbase.org/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/ Rav Asher Weiss] point out how a recent discovery of the [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=49831&st=&pgnum=471&hilite= Sefer Imrei Shefer], Chiddushim of the son of the Maharam Chalawa, who was a Talmid of a Talmid of the Rashba, shed light on the matter. The son quotes his father, the Maharam Chalawah, who explains that Sefirah isn’t Zman Grama since the time doesn’t cause Sefirah, but the Korban HaOmer, just like Birkat HaMazon on Shabbat isn't Zeman Grama, as the Mitzvah of Seudat Shabbat is Gorem it. Rav Schachter felt that the Maharam Chalawah's explanation was most relevant, as it was coming from a Talmid from the same Beit Midrash who most probably had a masorah. For a more detailed discussion, see the above article by HaRav Asher Weiss, Biur Sefer HaMitzvot LeRav Saadia Gaon by Rav Yerucham Fischel Perlow (Mevo chapter 12, specifically s.v. veOmnam), and the essay by HaRav Shlomo Wahrman, Rosh Yeshiva of HANC, in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51478&st=&pgnum=360&hilite= Orot HaPesach], pg. 289.
 
*Shulchan Shlomo 489:3 writes that women shouldn't count [[sefirat haomer]] with a bracha because they might forget to count one night and they won't know the halacha (that they're supposed to continue without a bracha).</ref>


==A child who became [[Bar Mitzvah]]ed during Sefirah==
==A child who became [[Bar Mitzvah]]ed during Sefirah==
# According to R. Ovadiah Yosef, a child who became [[Bar Mitzvah]]ed during Sefirah should continue counting after his Bar Mitvah without a bracha.<ref> Sh"t Yabia Omer 3:27-28</ref> However, most Ashkenazi poskim say that he may continue counting even with a bracha.<ref>Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15, Sheilot U'teshuvot Kesav Sofer 99, Sheilot U'teshuvot Maharam Shick 260, and Sheilot U'Teshuvot Mishnah Halachos 11:398. Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik quoted in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 says that according to the Behag quoted in Tosafot 66a "zecher" the bar-mitzva boy should be allowed to continue with a beracha because the mitzva is dependent on the consecutiveness of the 49 nights, which he fulfills even before becoming of age. </ref>  
 
# A convert who converted during Sefirah should count without a bracha from the time of his conversion.<ref>Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15</ref>
#According to R. Ovadiah Yosef, a child who became [[Bar Mitzvah]]ed during Sefirah should continue counting after his Bar Mitvah without a bracha.<ref>Sh"t Yabia Omer 3:27-28</ref> However, most Ashkenazi poskim say that he may continue counting even with a bracha.<ref>Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15, Sheilot U'teshuvot Kesav Sofer 99, Sheilot U'teshuvot Maharam Shick 260, and Sheilot U'Teshuvot Mishnah Halachos 11:398. Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik quoted in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 says that according to the Behag quoted in Tosafot 66a "zecher" the bar-mitzva boy should be allowed to continue with a beracha because the mitzva is dependent on the consecutiveness of the 49 nights, which he fulfills even before becoming of age. </ref>
#A convert who converted during Sefirah should count without a bracha from the time of his conversion.<ref>Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15</ref>


==Language of the Sefirah==
==Language of the Sefirah==
# Lechatchila, one should know the number of the day when you make the bracha. Bedieved, if one said the bracha with intent to hear the number of the day from his friend and paused to hear his friend after his bracha, he’s Yotsei. <ref> Shulchan Aruch OC 489:5 writes that if one said the bracha with in mind that one will say the Hayom that his friend says, he fulfills his obligation. Yet, Taz 489:8 writes that implied from S”A is that Lechatchila one should say the bracha only when you know the number of the day. Mishna Brurah 489:29 adds that Lechatchila it’s forbidden to pause for more than [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]]. </ref>
 
# Lechatchila, one should count today is such and such “to the Omer”, Bedieved if one just said today is such and such day you’re yotzei. <Ref> Sh”t Rashba 1:457 brought in Bet Yosef 489 s.v. Katav rules that really to fulfill the mitzvah it doesn’t matter whether you mention the Omer or not, however, it’s preferable to mention the Omer to clarify. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 489:8. </ref>
#Lechatchila, one should know the number of the day when you make the bracha. Bedieved, if one said the bracha with intent to hear the number of the day from his friend and paused to hear his friend after his bracha, he’s Yotsei. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 489:5 writes that if one said the bracha with in mind that one will say the Hayom that his friend says, he fulfills his obligation. Yet, Taz 489:8 writes that implied from S”A is that Lechatchila one should say the bracha only when you know the number of the day. Mishna Brurah 489:29 adds that Lechatchila it’s forbidden to pause for more than [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]]. </ref>
# After ten days one should count the ones digit and then the tens digit such as Echad Asar and Eched V'esrim.<ref>Magen Avraham 489:5 writes that one should count the tens digit before the ones digit since that is the normal way to count and the Gemara Yoma 55a writes that when counting numbers we should follow the practice of the place. Chok Yakov 489:10 agrees. Emunat Shmuel responsa 49 writes that the sefira is counted with the ones digit first because we follow Rabbi Yehuda in Yoma 55a and he doesn't say that it depends on the place.</ref> If one switched the order one fulfilled his obligation.<ref>Mishna Brurah 489:9</ref> If it is normal in your country to say the tens digit first you should say it before the ones digit as in Esrim V'echad.<ref>Magen Avraham 489:5, Otzar Hamoadim 489:8.<br />
#Lechatchila, one should count today is such and such “to the Omer”, Bedieved if one just said today is such and such day you’re yotzei. <ref>Sh”t Rashba 1:457 brought in Bet Yosef 489 s.v. Katav rules that really to fulfill the mitzvah it doesn’t matter whether you mention the Omer or not, however, it’s preferable to mention the Omer to clarify. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 489:8. </ref>
#After ten days one should count the ones digit and then the tens digit such as Echad Asar and Eched V'esrim.<ref>Magen Avraham 489:5 writes that one should count the tens digit before the ones digit since that is the normal way to count and the Gemara Yoma 55a writes that when counting numbers we should follow the practice of the place. Chok Yakov 489:10 agrees. Emunat Shmuel responsa 49 writes that the sefira is counted with the ones digit first because we follow Rabbi Yehuda in Yoma 55a and he doesn't say that it depends on the place.</ref> If one switched the order one fulfilled his obligation.<ref>Mishna Brurah 489:9</ref> If it is normal in your country to say the tens digit first you should say it before the ones digit as in Esrim V'echad.<ref>Magen Avraham 489:5, Otzar Hamoadim 489:8.<br />
The Get Pashut 126:24 is bothered that the minhag is to say on Yom Kippur the text of Achat V'shatim mentioning the smaller number before the bigger one and for Gittin the minhag is to write the bigger number first (Rama EH 126:5). This is cited by the Mitzvat Sefirat Haomer p. 75.</ref>
The Get Pashut 126:24 is bothered that the minhag is to say on Yom Kippur the text of Achat V'shatim mentioning the smaller number before the bigger one and for Gittin the minhag is to write the bigger number first (Rama EH 126:5). This is cited by the Mitzvat Sefirat Haomer p. 75.</ref>
# The minhag is for the first ten days of the Omer to use the term Yamim to count the days but after the tenth day the minhag is to uses the term Yom for the days part of the counting as in Eched Asar Yom and not Yamim.<ref>Chok Yakov 489:10 writes that this is the regular form of terms in Hebrew.</ref>
#The minhag is for the first ten days of the Omer to use the term Yamim to count the days but after the tenth day the minhag is to uses the term Yom for the days part of the counting as in Eched Asar Yom and not Yamim.<ref>Chok Yakov 489:10 writes that this is the regular form of terms in Hebrew.</ref>
 
===La'Omer vs. Ba'Omer===
===La'Omer vs. Ba'Omer===
# Some say that we recite today is such and such day la'omer.<ref>Shu"t HaRashba 1:457, Kol Bo Siman 55, Arizal (Shaar HaKavanot Sefirat Haomer Drush 11) and Shla Pesachim 23. Mishna Brura 489:8 says most poskim say la'omer</ref> Others say ba'omer.<ref> Rama 489:1, Taz 489:3<br />
Rav Soloveitchik ([https://www.torahmusings.com/2015/06/baomer-or-laomer/ Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik]) said that the word “Ba’Omer” reflects the connotation that Sefirah is diorayta even today, in accordance with the Rambam, and the present period is thus even today called the Omer period. However, “La’Omer” implies that the counting is from the time of the korban haomer, which does not apply nowadays, and thus the counting is only rabbinic. see however, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 33 who says exactly the opposite.</ref> Some even suggest saying both.<ref>Rav Soloveitchik ([https://www.torahmusings.com/2015/06/baomer-or-laomer/ Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik])</ref> Each person should stick to his own custom.<ref> Hilchot Chag BeChag pg 32, Shulchan Aruch Harav 489:7 </ref>Either way, entire addition of the phrase Ba’Omer or La’Omer is only Lechatechila but one fulfills the requirement of counting without mentioning either phrase. <Ref> Mishna Brura 489:8, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 34, Maamar Mordechai 489:2 </ref>


==Incorrect intent during Bracha==
#Some say that we recite today is such and such day la'omer.<ref>Shu"t HaRashba 1:457, Kol Bo Siman 55, Arizal (Shaar HaKavanot Sefirat Haomer Drush 11) and Shla Pesachim 23. Mishna Brura 489:8 says most poskim say la'omer</ref> Others say ba'omer.<ref>Rama 489:1, Taz 489:3<br />
# Preferably, one should know the day of the Omer while making the Bracha, however, if one didn't know the day of the Omer but made the Bracha with intent to complete it as one will hear from one's friend and one did do so one has fulfilled one's obligation. <ref> Mishna Brurah 489:29, Shulchan Aruch 489:5 </ref>
Rav Soloveitchik ([https://www.torahmusings.com/2015/06/baomer-or-laomer/ Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik]) said that the word “Ba’Omer” reflects the connotation that Sefirah is diorayta even today, in accordance with the Rambam, and the present period is thus even today called the Omer period. However, “La’Omer” implies that the counting is from the time of the korban haomer, which does not apply nowadays, and thus the counting is only rabbinic. see however, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 33 who says exactly the opposite.</ref> Some even suggest saying both.<ref>Rav Soloveitchik ([https://www.torahmusings.com/2015/06/baomer-or-laomer/ Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik])</ref> Each person should stick to his own custom.<ref>Hilchot Chag BeChag pg 32, Shulchan Aruch Harav 489:7 </ref>Either way, entire addition of the phrase Ba’Omer or La’Omer is only Lechatechila but one fulfills the requirement of counting without mentioning either phrase. <ref>Mishna Brura 489:8, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 34, Maamar Mordechai 489:2 </ref>
# If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta…Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the wrong night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the correct night and then said the correct Hayom, one is Yotzei. <ref> Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the wrong number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the correct number and said the HaYom correctly, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is going according to the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in [[Brachot]] 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of RIshonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and is Yotzei. This is also the opinion of the S”A 489:6 and all achronim agree including Mishna Brurah 489:32. </ref>
 
# If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta…Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the correct night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the wrong night and then said the wrong Hayom, according to Sephardim, one is Yotzei, while Ashkenazim hold that if one corrects the Hayom within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one is Yotsei but otherwise one isn’t Yotzei and needs a new bracha. <ref> (1) Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the correct number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the wrong number and said the wrong HaYom, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. (2) Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is going according to the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in [[Brachot]] 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of Rishonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and is Yotzei. So rules the S”A 489:6 and some achronim agree including Magen Avraham 489:12, Olot [[Shabbat]] 489:6, Chok Yakov 489:19, and Kaf HaChaim 489:75. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim edition 5764 pg 615) writes that one should count again to fulfill the obligation according to everyone however one shouldn’t make a Bracha like S”A. (3) However, Bach (489 s.v. UMah SheKatav Katav Od Avi Ezri) argues on the Bet Yosef and says that according to everyone one isn’t Yotzei in such a case as the counting was simply wrong. This is also the opinion of the Levush, Pri Chadash and Mishna Brurah 489:32. (4) The third approach is that of the Maamer Mordechai 489:8 and Chok Yosef who explains S”A as where one corrected himself within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]]. (5) Another explanation of S”A is that of the Taz 489:9 (to defend S”A against his father-in-law the Bach) who explains that the S”A was only dealing with someone who made the bracha with the wrong intent either in the beginning or in the end and then counted the Hayom correctly and so one fulfills his obligation according to the majority of Rishonim that Sefirah is Derabbanan. </ref>
==Counting the Wrong Day of the Omer==
# If one made the bracha and counted incorrectly and didn't fix it within a Toch Kdei Dibbur one needs to count again with a new bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:5, Mishna Brurah 489:32</ref>
 
#Preferably, one should know the day of the Omer while making the Bracha, however, if one didn't know the day of the Omer but made the Bracha with intent to complete it as one will hear from one's friend and one did do so one has fulfilled one's obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 489:29, Kaf Hachaim 489:74, Shulchan Aruch 489:5 </ref>
#If one made the bracha and counted incorrectly and didn't fix it within a Toch Kdei Dibbur one needs to count again with a new bracha.<ref>Kovetz Halachot Piskei Rebbe Shmuel Kamenetsky (Sefirat Haomer p. 39-40), Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sefirat Haomer by R' Moshe Karp) 6:9 p. 49, and Otzar Halachot (Sefirat Haomer by R' Friedman 489:31) all write that if he counted for the incorrect day and didn't correct himself within Toch Kdei Dibbur it is it is like he didn't count at all and he needs to count again with a bracha. This is also evident based on Shulchan Aruch 489:6, Magen Avraham 489:12, Mishna Brurah 489:32, and Kaf Hachaim 489:77.</ref>
#If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta… Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the wrong night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the correct night and then said the correct day one fulfilled one's obligation.<ref>Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the wrong number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the correct number and said the HaYom correctly, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is following the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in [[Brachot]] 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of Rishonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and he fulfilled his obligation. This is also the opinion of the S”A 489:6 and all achronim agree including Mishna Brurah 489:32.</ref>
#If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta… Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the correct night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the wrong night and then said the wrong day, according to Sephardim, one fulfilled one's obligation, while Ashkenazim hold that if one corrects the number of the day within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one fulfilled one's obligation, otherwise one needs to recite a new bracha.<ref>(1) Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the correct number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the wrong number and said the wrong HaYom, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. (2) Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is following the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in [[Brachot]] 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of Rishonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and is Yotzei. Therefore, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:6 rules that if one had in mind the correct day while reciting the bracha and then said the wrong day when reciting the text, one fulfilled their obligation. Many achronim agree with this approach fundamentally including the Magen Avraham 489:12, Olot [[Shabbat]] 489:6, Chok Yakov 489:19, and Kaf HaChaim 489:75. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim edition 5764 pg 615) writes that one should count again to fulfill the obligation according to everyone however one shouldn’t make a Bracha like S”A. (3) However, Bach (489 s.v. UMah SheKatav Katav Od Avi Ezri) argues on the Bet Yosef and says that according to everyone one isn’t Yotzei in such a case as the counting was simply wrong. This is also the opinion of the Levush, Pri Chadash and Mishna Brurah 489:32. (4) The third approach is that of the Maamer Mordechai 489:8 and Chok Yosef who explains S”A as where one corrected himself within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]]. Maamar Mordechai in fact adds that one can correct himself with any time that he didn't start to deal with another thing than sefira, however, a time lapse isn't an interruption to his original bracha. Kaf Hachaim 489:77 subscribes to the opinion of the Maamer Mordechai and adds that this is also the opinion of the Shulchan Aruch Harav 489:21. (5) Another explanation of S”A is that of the Taz 489:9 who explains that the S”A was only dealing with someone who made the bracha with the wrong intent either in the beginning or in the end and then counted the day correctly and so one fulfilled his obligation according to the majority of Rishonim that Sefirah is Derabbanan. </ref>
#When correcting oneself within Toch Kdei Dibbur it isn't necessary to repeat the word Hayom, it is sufficient to just count the correct number.<ref>Mishna Brurah 489:32, Kaf Hachaim 489:78</ref> However, according to some opinions even if it was longer than Toch Kdei Dibbur, when one had the intent for the correct day during the bracha, one can correct oneself by starting with entire sentence of Hayom again as long as one didn't interrupt with something unrelated to sefirat haomer.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 489:78</ref>
#If a person actually counted correctly and then thought he made a mistake and corrected himself within a Toch Kdei Dibbur, that correction doesn't nullify his fulfillment of the mitzvah.<ref>Minchat Yisrael Sefirat Haomer p. 16 citing Halichot Shlomo Tefillah ch. 16 fnt. 45</ref>
 
==Prohibited Practices during the Sefirat HaOmer==
The practice is to observe certain practices of [[mourning]] during the Sefirah because the 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva died during this time. <ref>Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1 based on the Gemara Yevamot 62b which records the tragic story of Rabbi Akiva’s students’ deaths between Pesach and Shavuot. The practice became to accept certain aspects of mourning during this period. see Teshuvot Hagonim, Shaare Teshuva 278. </ref>
===When?===
 
#There are differing practices for when this custom is observed.<ref>Mishna Berura 493:14-15 writes that although all agree that we refrain for 33 days, there are different approaches for when. See sefer Bein Pesach L’Shavuot (pg. 223–240) who details 10 different minhagim. </ref> There are three basic minhagim about the mourning period between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]]:
##One practice is to mourn the first 33 days from the beginning of the Omer until the 34th day in the morning. This practice is followed by Sephardim. <ref>Bet Yosef 493:2 quotes Rav Yehoshua Ibn Shuib who cites a Midrash which says they died until פרוס עצרת, or 15 days before Shavuot. This leaves the first 34 days. Based on Miktzat HaYom KeKulo (a portion of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop mourning on the morning of the 34th. This is how he rules in Shulchan Aruch 493:2. Kaf Hachaim 493:12, Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov pg. 253, Yabia Omer 3:26, Yechave Daat 4:32) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 428) write that this is the prevalent Sephardic custom. see also Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Nohagin. This is explained clearly in Biur HaGra 493:6 s.v. Yesh Nohagim, and [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/714562/Rabbi_Josh_Flug/The_Mourning_Period_Of_Sefirat_Ha'omer Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer]. </ref>
##A second practice is to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until the 33rd day in the morning. This practice is followed by most Ashkenazim. <ref>The source for this minhag is the Rama 493:2 who holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on the 33rd day of the Omer and by the principle of Miksat HaYom KeKulo (a minority of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop [[mourning]] on the morning of the 33rd. This is the explanation of the Biur HaGra 493:9 s.v. UMarbim, and the practice of Ashkenazim as recorded by [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehalacha.com%2Fattach%2FVolume5%2FIssue8.pdf Halachically Speaking] (Volume 3, Issue 8, page 3).
This is explained clearly in Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh Nohagim and [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/714562/Rabbi_Josh_Flug/The_Mourning_Period_Of_Sefirat_Ha'omer Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer]. The Bach (d”h U’Mah), on the other hand, thinks that the Rama subscribes to the approach of Tosafot that Rabbi Akiva’s students died throughout the period between Pesach and Shavuot, excluding 16 days on which tachanun is omitted (the 7 days of Pesach, 6 Shabbatot, 2 days of Rosh Chodesh Iyar, and 1 day of Rosh Chodesh Sivan), leaving 33 days. Therefore, the Jews accepted to mourn for 33 days. The Maharil (Dinei Hayamim Bein Pesach LiShavuot 7) subscribes to this as well and it is mentioned by the Rama 493:3.  </ref> There is a dispute if, according to this approach, one would be allowed to get married on the night of the 33rd.<ref>Mishna Berura 493:11 writes that one should not get married on the night of the 33rd, because we require that he mourn part of the daytime to apply Miktzat Hayom Kekulo. Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe 1:159) however, is lenient for the night before. [https://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue9.pdf Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9] writes that the overwhelming custom is to be lenient. </ref>
##A third practice is to mourn 33 not consecutive days during the Omer. <ref>Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes Rav Yehoshua Ibn Shuib who records the approach of Tosafot that Rabbi Akiva’s students died throughout the period between Pesach and Shavuot, but only on the 33 days during the Sefira when we do say [[Tachanun]], excluding the 7 days of [[Pesach]], 7 Shabbatot, and 2 days of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar. The Bach 4931 clarifies that really we include the one day of Rosh Chodesh Sivan and exclude one day of Pesach since the last 7 days of Pesach certainly already includes Shabbat. Therefore, there are 16 days when Rabbi Akiva's students didn't die. Therefore, the Jews accepted to mourn for 33 days. The Maharil (Dinei Hayamim Bein Pesach LiShavuot 7) subscribes to this as well and it is mentioned by the Rama 493:3.<br>
Magen Avraham 493:5 writes that some observe this practice by mourning from the day after Rosh Chodesh Iyar until Erev Shavuot excluding Lag BaOmer, while others observe this practice by mourning from the first day of Rosh Chodesh Iyar until 3 days before Shavuot. <br>
Based on this tradition, Shu"t Igrot Moshe 1:159 writes, there is a minhag to mourn for 33 non-consecutive days during the sefira. </ref>This practice is followed by some Ashkenazim. <ref>Mishna Brurah 489:5 </ref>
###Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from the day after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until Erev [[Shavuot]] excluding [[Lag BaOmer]]. <ref>Magen Avraham 489:5, Mishna Brurah 493:15 </ref>
###Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the third day before [[Shavuot]]. <ref>Rama 493:3, Magen Avraham 489:5 </ref>
###Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from after [[Issru Chag]] until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Sivan excluding the two days of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and [[Lag BaOmer]].  <ref>Mishna Brurah 489:15 quoting the Siddur Derech Chaim </ref>
###Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] all the days of the Omer expect for [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and Sivan. <ref>Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:159 explains that the reason for this minhag is that it holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva died on all the days between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]] except for the 16 days when one can not say [[Tachanun]] (7 days of [[Pesach]], 6 [[Shabbat]]ot, 3 days of [[Rosh Chodesh]]) and so the minhag forbids getting married and cutting hair the entire Sefira except for [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and Sivan (and [[Pesach]] and [[Shabbat]] are already forbidden to get married). </ref>
##A fourth minhag followed by some is to observe sefira, in regards to not cutting one's hair, for the entire duration of the sefira from Erev [[Pesach]] until Erev [[Shavuot]].<ref>Arizal quoted by Shaarei Teshuva 493:8</ref>
#Some say that one may switch customs from year to year.<ref>In analyzing the different practices, Rav Moshe Feinstein (OC 1:159) notes that those who observe 33 non-consecutive days are all of the same opinion but they choose different days to observe. Therefore, in theory, one may choose to observe a different set of 33 days from one year to the next. The reason why specific days are chosen for these various minhagim is because there must be uniformity within the same city. In New York, where the inhabitants originate from many different cities and all of the various minhagim are represented, the concern for the violation of lo titgodidu is mitigated and one may follow any of the minhagim. Therefore, one who has the tradition to observe 33 non-consecutive days, may switch from one minhag to another from year to year. Additionally, since the Bach thinks the Rama follows Tosafot, one can, in theory, switch to the minhag of counting the first 33 days. However, one should only do so under extenuating circumstances.<br>
For longer discussion regarding Rav Moshe's allowance to change your minhag, see Rabbi Avrohom Blumenkrantz zt”l’s annual Kovetz Hilchos Pesach (in his Chapter on Sefiras HaOmer, ex. 5766 / 2006, pg. 257), Kovetz L’Torah V’Hora’ah (Sefer Zikaron for Rav Moshe 5749, pg. 211; article by Rav Elimelech Bluth), Shu”t V’Debarta Bam (141 s.v. v’shamati; quoting Rav Dovid Feinstein), and Mesores Moshe (pg. 153, 319). <br>
see Rav Dovid Feinstein  as quoted in Shu”t V’Debarta Bam (141 s.v. v’shamati), who says Rav Moshe’s intent with his allowance bishat hadchak gadol refers to an unavoidable situation such as chattan who was drafted to the army before Shavuot, that he can rely on ‘First Sefirah’ and get married after Lag B’Omer. <br>
see [https://ohr.edu/this_week/insights_into_halacha/5879 Rabbi Yehuda Spitz] who discusses this at length</ref> Others argue.<ref>Rabbi Shimon Eider’s Sefer Halachos of Pesach (vol. 2, Ch. 19, pg. 332) who quotes Rav Aharon Kotler as holding that one may not switch ‘Sefirahs’ unless in case of necessity and with Hatarat Nedarim.</ref>
#It is permitted for a wife to observe her family’s [[mourning]] period, as long as her husband does not object. <ref>Rav Doniel Neustadt [[Daily Halacha]] Discussion page 219 </ref>


==Prohibited practices during the Sefirat HaOmer==
The practice is to observe certain practices of [[mourning]] during the Sefirah because the 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva died during this time. <ref> Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1 based on gemara in Yevamot 62b. </ref> There’s three basic minhagim about the [[mourning]] period between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]]:
# One practice is to mourn the first 33 days from the beginning of the Omer until the 34th day in the morning. This practice is followed by Sephardim. <Ref>The source for this minhag is the [[Teshuvah]] of R. Yehoshua Ibn Shuib (cited by Bet Yosef 493:2) which says that the students of Rabbi Akiva died during the Omer except for the last 15 days which leaves the first 34 days, however, based on Miksat HaYom KeKulo (a minority of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop [[mourning]] on the morning of the 34th. This is the ruling of S”A 493:2 and the practice of Sephardim as recorded in Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 493:1), Yabia Omer 3:26,  Yechave Daat 4:32, Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Nohagin. This is explained clearly in Biur HaGra 493:6 s.v. Yesh Nohagim, and [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/714562/Rabbi_Josh_Flug/The_Mourning_Period_Of_Sefirat_Ha'omer Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer]. </ref>
# A second practice is to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until the 33rd day in the morning. This practice is followed by most Ashkenazim. <Ref>The source for this minhag is the Rama 493:2 who holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on the 33rd day of the Omer and by the principle of Miksat HaYom KeKulo (a minority of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop [[mourning]] on the morning of the 33rd. This is the explanation of the Biur HaGra 493:9 s.v. UMarbim, and the practice of Ashkenazim as recorded by [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehalacha.com%2Fattach%2FVolume5%2FIssue8.pdf Halachically Speaking] (Volume 3, Issue 8, page 3).
This is explained clearly in Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh Nohagim and [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/714562/Rabbi_Josh_Flug/The_Mourning_Period_Of_Sefirat_Ha'omer Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer]. </ref>
# A third practice is to mourn 33 not consecutive days during the Omer. <ref>
Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes the Ri Ibn Shoiv who records another tradition that Rabbi Akiva’s students only died on the 33 days during the Sefira when we do say [[Tachanun]], excluding the 7 days of [[Pesach]], 7 Shabbatot, and 2 days of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar. The Bach 4931 clarifies that really we include the one day of Rosh Chodesh Sivan and exclude one day of Pesach since the last 7 days of Pesach certainly already includes Shabbat. Therefore, there are 16 days when Rabbi Akiva's students didn't die. Based on this tradition, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:159 writes, there is a minhag to mourn for 33 non-consecutive days during the sefira. </ref>This practice is followed by some Ashkenazim. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 489:5 </ref>
## Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from the day after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until Erev [[Shavuot]] excluding [[Lag BaOmer]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 489:5, Mishna Brurah 493:15 </ref>
##Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the third day before [[Shavuot]]. <Ref>Rama 493:3, Magen Avraham 489:5 </ref>
## Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] from after [[Issru Chag]] until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Sivan excluding the two days of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and [[Lag BaOmer]].  <Ref>Mishna Brurah 489:15 quoting the Siddur Derech Chaim </ref>
## Some observe this practice by [[mourning]] all the days of the Omer expect for [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and Sivan. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:159 explains that the reason for this minhag is that it holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva died on all the days between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]] except for the 16 days when one can not say [[Tachanun]] (7 days of [[Pesach]], 6 [[Shabbat]]ot, 3 days of [[Rosh Chodesh]]) and so the minhag forbids getting married and cutting hair the entire Sefira except for [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar and Sivan (and [[Pesach]] and [[Shabbat]] are already forbidden to get married). </ref>
# A fourth minhag followed by some is to observe sefira, in regards to not cutting one's hair, for the entire duration of the sefira from Erev [[Pesach]] until Erev [[Shavuot]].<ref>Arizal quoted by Shaarei Teshuva 493:8</ref>
# It is permitted for a wife to observe her family’s [[mourning]] period, as long as her husband does not object. <ref> Rav Doniel Neustadt [[Daily Halacha]] Discussion page 219 </ref>
===Getting Married===
===Getting Married===
# The Sephardic custom is not to get married during the Sefira until the 34th day in the morning,<ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 428). The source for this minhag is the Teshuvah of R. Yehoshua Ibn Shuib (cited by Bet Yosef 493:2) which says that the students of Rabbi Akiva died during the Omer except for the last 15 days which leaves the first 34 days. Based on Miksat HaYom KeKulo (a minority of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop mourning on the morning of the 34th. This is the ruling of S”A 493:2 and the practice of Sephardim as recorded in Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 493:1), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 253-254) and Yabia Omer 3:26. </ref> while the Ashkenazic custom is not to get married during the Sefira until the 33rd day ([[Lag BaOmer]]). <Ref> Rama 493:1, See Nisuin Kehilchatam 5:19 for lengthier discussion. </ref>
# If the [[marriage]] involves a couple with one side who is Ashkenazic and one side Sephardic, the custom of the husband should be followed. <ref> Shu"t Yabia Omer 3:26(4), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 256), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 429) </ref>
# If one is invited to a wedding which takes place during a time of the sefira when one's custom is to observe the practices of [[mourning]], and the one who is getting married has the custom that it is permissible to get married then, one should not refrain from going to the wedding because of the sefira.<Ref> http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/774533/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Shiur_#80_-_Yevamos_-_מפני_מה_גרים_בזה'ז_מעונים,_יש_זיקה,_ספירת_העומר Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org (at the very end)] based on a ruling of Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe 1:159, Rav Soloveitchik (quoted in Nefesh Harav pg. 192), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Simcha page 84 and Halichos Shlomo, Sefiras Haomer 11:19), Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 3:65:30), Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (Emet Liyaakov 493). However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 disagrees and feels that one may not attend a wedding during their Sefira </ref> However, one may still not shave in such a situation.<ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igros Moshe OC 2:95) held that it is not permissible to take a haircut or shave, since that does not directly contribute to the joy of the chosson and kallah.</ref>


===Getting engaged===
#The custom is not to get married during the Sefirat Haomer period.<ref>Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 428 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 493:1), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 253-254)and Yabia Omer 3:26. See Nisuin Kehilchatam 5:19 for lengthier discussion. </ref> For exactly when this applies and the different customs, see above [[Sefirat_HaOmer#When.3F|When?]].
# It's permissible to get engaged during the Sefirah.<ref> Mishna Brura 493:3 </ref> However one may not have musical instruments and one shouldn't dance. <ref> Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 51:5), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #45), Hanisuin Kihilchatam pg. 122 and Halichot Shlomo Moadim 2:11:18 </ref>
#If a marriage involves a couple with different customs, for example, one side who is Ashkenazic and one side Sephardic, the custom of the husband should be followed. <ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 256), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 429), Rav Elyashiv (Piskei Shemuot pg. 59). However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 questions this, as following the customs of the husband would only apply after marriage.  </ref>
# In general, it is permitted to have meals with friends during the sefira unlike regular mourning. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch HaRav 493:1</ref>
#If one is invited to a wedding which takes place during a time of the sefira when one's custom is to observe the practices of [[mourning]], and the one who is getting married has the custom that it is permissible to get married then, one should not refrain from going to the wedding because of the sefira.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:159), Rav Soloveitchik (quoted in Nefesh Harav pg. 192), Rav Schachter ([https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/857286/rabbi-hershel-schachter/minhagei-sefirah/ Minhagei Sefirah] at ~20 minutes), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Simcha page 84 and Halichos Shlomo 11:19), Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 3:65:30), Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (Emet L’yaakov 493: note 465), Rav Shalom Messas (Shemesh U’Magen OC 68). Rav Moshe’s rationale is that once a marriage has taken place, it creates an obligation of simcha. For example, a couple who gets married at the end of Nisan is allowed to continue with sheva berachot festivities, which should have been forbidden for the other participants. Additionally, Shulchan Aruch writes that we don’t penalize those who violate the minhag, and there would be no greater penalty than having nobody to celebrate with. <br>
[https://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue9.pdf Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9] quotes Rav Belsky who points out that one who attends a wedding during the time he is observing the restrictions of sefira may only dance after the chattan and kallah come out because before they come out the dancing is not considered to be making them happy. <br>
However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 disagrees and feels that one may not attend a wedding during their Sefira. <br>
Rav Shmuel Vosner (Piskei Shemuot pg. 58) says that one should just go to wish a Mazel Tov but not participate.</ref> However, one may still not shave in such a situation.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 2:95) writes that unless being unable to shave will prevent you from going, it is not permissible to shave. However, if he realized earlier that he would be attending a wedding, he could plan accordingly by changing his custom for just that year, as per the teshuva mentioned above (OC 1:159)</ref>
#One may have a wedding within the three days of Shavuot<ref>Yalkut Yosef - Shavuot, page 573 </ref>
 
===Getting Engaged===
 
#It's permissible to get engaged during the Sefirah.<ref>Mishna Brura 493:3 </ref> However one may not have musical instruments and one shouldn't dance. <ref>Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 51:5), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #45), Hanisuin Kihilchatam pg. 122 and Halichot Shlomo Moadim 2:11:18 </ref>
#In general, it is permitted to have meals with friends during the sefira unlike regular mourning. <ref>Shulchan Aruch HaRav 493:1</ref>
 
===Celebrating a Bar Mitzva===
===Celebrating a Bar Mitzva===
# It is permissible to celebrate a bar mitzva with dancing during sefira, but without music.<ref> Shulchan HaLevi pg. 135</ref>
 
===Cutting hair===
#It is permissible to celebrate a bar mitzva with dancing during sefira, but without music.<ref>Shulchan HaLevi pg. 135</ref>
# In commemoration of the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva, the minhag is not to cut one’s hair during sefira. Although many minhagim exist, the common minhag is that Sephardim don’t cut their hair until the 34th day of sefira in the morning and Ashkenazim don’t cut their hair until the 33rd in the morning.<ref>
 
* The Gemara Yevamot 62b records the tragic story of Rabbi Akiva’s student passing away between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]]. The Tur 493:1 records the minhag not to take hair cuts during sefirat HaOmer in order to mourn the death of Rabbi Akiva’s students. The Tur writes that some would cut their hair from [[Lag BaOmer]] and on because there’s a tradition that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on [[Lag BaOmer]]. The Tashbetz 1:178, however, says that they died until 15 days before [[Shavuot]] (Pros HaAseret), which is the 34th of the Omer. S”A 493:2 follows the Tashbetz, while the Rama quotes some who follow the Tur and some who don’t take a hair cut from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until [[Shavuot]].
===Cutting Hair===
* Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes the Ri Ibn Shoiv who records another tradition that Rabbi Akiva’s students only died on the 33 days during the Sefira when there’s no [[Tachanun]]. According to this tradition, Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh the minhag developed to mourn 33 days during the sefira corresponding to the days they died. Kitzur S”A 120:6-7 writes that some mourn the last 33 days of sefira starting after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar excluding [[Lag BaOmer]] and a variant minhag is to mourn from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala excluding [[Lag BaOmer]].  
 
* S”A 493:2 writes that the minhag is to mourn from the beginning of the sefira until the morning of the 34th of the Omer. Kaf HaChaim 493:12 and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 253) agree that this is the common minhag among Sephardim. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 430) and Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #48) agree. Kaf HaChaim 493:12-3 adds that some follow the Arizal’s practice not to cut one’s hair the entire Sefira.
#In commemoration of the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva, the minhag is not to cut one’s hair during sefira. Although many minhagim exist, the common minhag is that Sephardim don’t cut their hair until the 34th day of sefira in the morning and Ashkenazim don’t cut their hair until the 33rd in the morning.<ref>*The Gemara Yevamot 62b records the tragic story of Rabbi Akiva’s student passing away between [[Pesach]] and [[Shavuot]]. The Tur 493:1 records the minhag not to take hair cuts during sefirat HaOmer in order to mourn the death of Rabbi Akiva’s students. The Tur writes that some would cut their hair from [[Lag BaOmer]] and on because there’s a tradition that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on [[Lag BaOmer]]. The Tashbetz 1:178, however, says that they died until 15 days before [[Shavuot]] (Pros HaAseret), which is the 34th of the Omer. S”A 493:2 follows the Tashbetz, while the Rama quotes some who follow the Tur and some who don’t take a hair cut from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until [[Shavuot]].
* Although the Mishna Brurah 493:15 records the Ashkenazic minhag to mourn from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=301 Peninei Halacha] (Hilchot Sefirat HaOmer) writes that nowadays the common Ashkenazic minhag is like the Rama to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until [[Lag BaOmer]] in the morning.  
*Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes the Ri Ibn Shoiv who records another tradition that Rabbi Akiva’s students only died on the 33 days during the Sefira when there’s no [[Tachanun]]. According to this tradition, Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh the minhag developed to mourn 33 days during the sefira corresponding to the days they died. Kitzur S”A 120:6-7 writes that some mourn the last 33 days of sefira starting after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar excluding [[Lag BaOmer]] and a variant minhag is to mourn from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala excluding [[Lag BaOmer]].
* Mishna Brurah 493:6 explains S”A as saying that one may only cut one’s hair starting from the 34th in the morning because Miksat HaYom KeKulo only operates starting in the daytime. In 493:10 he writes that the same for the Rama regarding the 33rd. However, Mishna Brurah 493:11 quotes some achronim who argue that one may even cut one’s hair from the nighttime. Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Halichot Shlomo p 364, note 80) once permitted taking a hair cut on Lag BeOmer at night. </ref>
*S”A 493:2 writes that the minhag is to mourn from the beginning of the sefira until the morning of the 34th of the Omer. Kaf HaChaim 493:12 and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 253) agree that this is the common minhag among Sephardim. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 430) and Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #48) agree. Kaf HaChaim 493:12-3 adds that some follow the Arizal’s practice not to cut one’s hair the entire Sefira.
# The Sephardic custom on a year that [[Lag BaOmer]] falls out on Friday is that one may cut one's hair on Friday morning out of respect for [[Shabbat]] and if one is unable to cut one's hair on Friday morning, it's permissible to cut one's hair on Thursday night after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431-2) </ref>
*Although the Mishna Brurah 493:15 records the Ashkenazic minhag to mourn from the first day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=301 Peninei Halacha] (Hilchot Sefirat HaOmer) writes that nowadays the common Ashkenazic minhag is like the Rama to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until [[Lag BaOmer]] in the morning.
# According to Ashkenazim, if there's a pressing need women may cut their hair during Sefirat HaOmer.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe YD 2:137. See [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.thehalacha.com/attach/Volume5/Issue8.pdf&pli=1 Halachically Speaking article on Sefirah]. See Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 49:11) who writes that the minhag not to cut one's hair during sefirah also applies to women. </ref> According to Sephardim, women may cut their hair during the Sefirah.<Ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 261)</ref>
*Mishna Brurah 493:6 explains S”A as saying that one may only cut one’s hair starting from the 34th in the morning because Miksat HaYom KeKulo only operates starting in the daytime. In 493:10 he writes that the same for the Rama regarding the 33rd. However, Mishna Brurah 493:11 quotes some achronim who argue that one may even cut one’s hair from the nighttime. Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Halichot Shlomo p 364, note 80) once permitted taking a hair cut on Lag BeOmer at night.</ref>
# According to some poskim, children under the age of bar mitzvah are permitted to get haircuts during the omer as they are not included in the [[mourning]] of the [[sefirat haomer]]. <ref> Sh"t Or Litzion 3:page 184 </ref>  
#The Sephardic custom on a year that [[Lag BaOmer]] falls out on Friday is that one may cut one's hair on Friday morning out of respect for [[Shabbat]] and if one is unable to cut one's hair on Friday morning, it's permissible to cut one's hair on Thursday night after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431-2) </ref>
# If one has a [[Brit Milah]] during the Sefira, the father of the baby, the Mohel, and the Tzandak may cut their hair that day. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 432) </ref>
#According to Ashkenazim, if there's a pressing need women may cut their hair during Sefirat HaOmer.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe YD 2:137. See [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.thehalacha.com/attach/Volume5/Issue8.pdf&pli=1 Halachically Speaking article on Sefirah]. See Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 49:11) who writes that the minhag not to cut one's hair during sefirah also applies to women. </ref> According to Sephardim, women may cut their hair during the Sefirah.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 261)</ref>
# It is permissible to tweeze eyebrows or eyelashes. <ref> Bein [[Pesach]] Lishavuot page 241 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Shmuel Wosner. </ref>
#According to some poskim, children under the age of bar mitzvah are permitted to get haircuts during the omer as they are not included in the [[mourning]] of the [[sefirat haomer]]. <ref>Sh"t Or Litzion 3:page 184 </ref>
# It is permissible to comb hair even if some hairs will be removed in the process. <ref> Mishna Brurah 551:20 </ref>
#If one has a [[Brit Milah]] during the Sefira, the father of the baby, the Mohel, and the Tzandak may cut their hair that day. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 432) </ref>
#It is permissible to tweeze eyebrows or eyelashes. <ref>Bein [[Pesach]] Lishavuot page 241 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Shmuel Wosner. </ref>
#It is permissible to comb hair even if some hairs will be removed in the process. <ref>Mishna Brurah 551:20 </ref>
 
===Shaving===
===Shaving===
# Included in the minhag not to take hair cuts is not to shave. <ref> Tur 493 says that some have the custom "lo lihistaper." Masekhet Semachot (7:11) in regards to [[mourning]] writes that lihistaper means to cutting the hair of one's head, mustache, beard, and all other hair. Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] vol 3, 49:2) and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 262) write that including in the minhag not to take a hair cut is not to shave.</ref> Some authorities permitted someone who shaves daily after having waited 3 or 5 days of not [[shaving]] to shave during the Sefira. <ref> Rav Soloveitchik (cited by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav pg 191-2) compared the Sefira to the 12 months of [[mourning]] in which a person who shaves daily may shave after waiting a few days. Rav Soloveitchik felt that this was the case because all customs have to be based on some opinion or patterned after another halacha. Therefore, he argues that the [[mourning]] of the Omer is parallel to the [[mourning]] during the year of [[mourning]] for a parent. Therefore since the halacha says that it is permissible to shave during the year once one's friends scold him to tell him that his hair is too long ("ad she-yig'aru bo chaveirav": Moed Katan 22b, Rambam Hilkhot Evel 6:3), it would be permissible during the omer also.
 
* Rav Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/733780/rabbi-hershel-schachter/hilchos-chol-hamoed/ “Hilchos Chol HaMoed”], min 67-70) clarified that not [[shaving]] for 3 or 5 days is sufficient. Rabbi Willig (“Hilchos [[Pesach]] and Sefira#1”, min 85-90) also quotes Rav Soloveitchik. Rav Aharon Lictenstein [http://vbm-torah.org/archive/halak65/24halak.htm vbm.org] says that it is even an obligation to shave for kavod [[shabbat]] on Friday incorporating Rav Soloveitchik's approach. </ref>  
#Included in the minhag not to take hair cuts is not to shave. <ref>Tur 493 says that some have the custom "lo lihistaper." Masekhet Semachot (7:11) in regards to [[mourning]] writes that lihistaper means to cutting the hair of one's head, mustache, beard, and all other hair. Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] vol 3, 49:2) and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 262) write that including in the minhag not to take a hair cut is not to shave.</ref> Some authorities permitted someone who shaves daily after having waited 3 or 5 days of not [[shaving]] to shave during the Sefira.<ref>Rav Soloveitchik (cited by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav pg 191-2) compared the Sefira to the 12 months of [[mourning]] in which a person who shaves daily may shave after waiting a few days. Rav Soloveitchik felt that this was the case because all customs have to be based on some opinion or patterned after another halacha. Therefore, he argues that the [[mourning]] of the Omer is parallel to the [[mourning]] during the year of [[mourning]] for a parent. Therefore since the halacha says that it is permissible to shave during the year once one's friends scold him to tell him that his hair is too long ("ad she-yig'aru bo chaveirav": Moed Katan 22b, Rambam Hilkhot Evel 6:3), it would be permissible during the omer also.
# Many Sephardic authorities are lenient regarding shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if it causes one pain not to shave, however, Ashekanzic authorities seem not to accept such a leniency.<ref>
 
* The Bet Yosef 493:3 writes that those who cut their hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar because they consider it a [[Yom Tov]] are mistaken because the minhag is not to cut their hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar. He adds that they may have mistakenly thought it was permitted based on another minhag which would mourn another 33 days during the sefira. Similarly, Mishna Brurah 493:14 summarizes that according to those who don’t cut their hair the first 33 days of the Sefira, it would be contradictory to shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar.
*Rav Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/733780/rabbi-hershel-schachter/hilchos-chol-hamoed/ “Hilchos Chol HaMoed”], min 67-70) clarified that not [[shaving]] for 3 or 5 days is sufficient. Rabbi Willig (“Hilchos [[Pesach]] and Sefira#1”, min 85-90) also quotes Rav Soloveitchik. Rav Aharon Lictenstein [http://vbm-torah.org/archive/halak65/24halak.htm vbm.org] says that it is even an obligation to shave for kavod [[shabbat]] on Friday incorporating Rav Soloveitchik's approach.</ref>
* However, the Radvaz 2:687 permits cutting one’s hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if not cutting one’s hair causes one’s pain based on the halacha that one who is pain is exempt from the mitzvah of [[Sukkah]]. Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1, pg 55) clarifies that although the halacha of [[Sukkah]] is based on Teshvu Kein Taduro, the Radvaz means that it’s logical that one can be lenient if it’s bothersome since sefira is only a minhag. Chida in Yosef Ometz 40:2 and Kaf HaChaim 493:40 write that some rely on this Radvaz. Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 262) writes that one should be careful not to shave during sefira and if it’s difficult not to shave, one may shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar.  
#Some Sephardic authorities are lenient regarding shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if it causes one pain not to shave, however, Ashkenazic authorities seem not to accept such a leniency.<ref>*The Bet Yosef 493:3 writes that those who cut their hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar because they consider it a [[Yom Tov]] are mistaken because the minhag is not to cut their hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar. He adds that they may have mistakenly thought it was permitted based on another minhag which would mourn another 33 days during the sefira. Similarly, Mishna Brurah 493:14 summarizes that according to those who don’t cut their hair the first 33 days of the Sefira, it would be contradictory to shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar.
* The Bach 493 quotes the Minhagim who says that it’s permitted to get married on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if it falls out on [[Shabbat]] and explains that it’s based on the fact that there’s a combination of the [[kedusha]] of [[rosh chodesh]] and [[kedusha]] of [[Shabbat]] to override [[mourning]] of Sefira. Pri Megadim (E”A 493:2) clarifies that the Bach means getting married on Friday because it’s forbidden to get married on [[Shabbat]]. Regarding this Bach, the Pri [[Chadash]] 493:3 writes that the same is true for haircuts. Thus, Mishna Brurah 493:5 writes that if [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar falls out on [[Shabbat]] one may cut one’s hair on Friday. Kitzur S”A 120:6 and S”A HaRav 493:8 agree. It seems clear from the above achronim that [[Rosh Chodesh]] alone isn’t sufficient to permit cutting one’s hair. </ref>
*However, the Radvaz 2:687 permits cutting one’s hair on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if not cutting one’s hair causes one’s pain based on the halacha that one who is pain is exempt from the mitzvah of [[Sukkah]]. Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1, pg 55) clarifies that although the halacha of [[Sukkah]] is based on Teshvu Kein Taduro, the Radvaz means that it’s logical that one can be lenient if it’s bothersome since sefira is only a minhag. Chida in Yosef Ometz 40:2 and Kaf HaChaim 493:40 write that some rely on this Radvaz. Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 262) writes that one should be careful not to shave during sefira and if it’s difficult not to shave, one may shave on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar.
# Many authorities hold that one may not shave on Friday for [[Kavod Shabbat]], though some allow it. If there is a great need the Sephardic poskim are lenient to allow shaving every Friday.<ref>
*The Bach 493 quotes the Minhagim who says that it’s permitted to get married on [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar if it falls out on [[Shabbat]] and explains that it’s based on the fact that there’s a combination of the [[kedusha]] of [[rosh chodesh]] and [[kedusha]] of [[Shabbat]] to override [[mourning]] of Sefira. Pri Megadim (E”A 493:2) clarifies that the Bach means getting married on Friday because it’s forbidden to get married on [[Shabbat]]. Regarding this Bach, the Pri [[Chadash]] 493:3 writes that the same is true for haircuts. Thus, Mishna Brurah 493:5 writes that if [[Rosh Chodesh]] Iyar falls out on [[Shabbat]] one may cut one’s hair on Friday. Kitzur S”A 120:6 and S”A HaRav 493:8 agree. It seems clear from the above achronim that [[Rosh Chodesh]] alone isn’t sufficient to permit cutting one’s hair.</ref>
* Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Shalmei Moed pg 449-450) and Rav Yacov Kamenetsky (Emet L’Yaakov 493 note 467) hold that one may not shave during the sefira for [[Kavod Shabbat]]. (It seems evident from the Mishna Brurah 493:5 that one may not cut one’s hair because of [[Kavod Shabbat]] alone.)
#If Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls out on Shabbat, Ashkenazim allow shaving for Kavod Shabbat.<ref>Mishna Brurah 493:12, [https://matzav.com/taking-a-haircut-or-shaving-on-friday-rosh-chodesh-iyar-this-year/ matzav.com]</ref> Sephardim still don't shave then.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Kaf_HaChayim_on_Shulchan_Arukh%2C_Orach_Chayim.493.12.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en Kaf Hachaim 493:12]</ref> If Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls out on Sunday, some Sephardic poskim hold that one can be lenient to shave for Shabbat.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 493:12. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 431) cites the Yosef Ometz 40:2 who says that one can rely upon the Radvaz to shave on Rosh Chodesh Iyar or beforehand to be strict for Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid's will who advised not shaving on Rosh Chodesh itself. Yalkut Yosef applies it to a case of Rosh Chodesh on Sunday for the honor of Shabbat and Rosh Chodesh.</ref>
* However, Rav Lichtenstein (vbm.org) ruled that not only is it permitted but an obligation to shave for [[kavod Shabbat]] during sefira just like [[Kavod Shabbat]] theoretically overrides the [[nine days]] (see Mishna Brurah 551:32).
#Many authorities hold that one may not shave on Friday for [[Kavod Shabbat]], though some allow it. If there is a great need some Sephardic poskim are lenient to allow shaving every Friday.<ref>*Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Shalmei Moed pg 449-450) and Rav Yacov Kamenetsky (Emet L’Yaakov 493 note 467) hold that one may not shave during the sefira for [[Kavod Shabbat]]. (It seems evident from the Mishna Brurah 493:5 that one may not cut one’s hair because of [[Kavod Shabbat]] alone.)
* Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 262) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) writes that if there is a great need one may shave every Friday. [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9084&st=&pgnum=321 Kaf Hachaim 493:17] and Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 49:7) write that if one gets headaches from not shaving one may shave every Friday.</ref>
*However, Rav Lichtenstein (vbm.org) ruled that not only is it permitted but an obligation to shave for [[kavod Shabbat]] during sefira just like [[Kavod Shabbat]] theoretically overrides the [[nine days]] (see Mishna Brurah 551:32).
# Some authorities permit [[shaving]] in honor of [[Yom HaAtzmaut]], however, some disagree. <ref> Rabbi Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halacha "[[Yom HaAtzmaut]]") writes that those who shave regularly should shave prior [[Yom HaAtzmaut]] in order to look presentable for the holiday. He also quotes Rav Yitzchak Nissim and Rav Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook who agreed. Shana Beshana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank as agreeing. Shana B’shana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi [[Pesach]] Frank as agreeing. Rav Shaul Yisraeli in Mareh HaBezek 4:54 permits [[shaving]] from after midday prior to [[Yom HaAtzmaut]] even for those living outside [[Israel]]. However, Yaskil Avdi 6:10 and Rav Soloveitchik (quoted by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav p. 94) argue.</ref>
*Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 262) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) writes that if there is a great need one may shave every Friday. [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9084&st=&pgnum=321 Kaf Hachaim 493:17] and Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 49:7) write that if one gets headaches from not shaving one may shave every Friday.</ref>
# Many authorities permit [[shaving]] if not [[shaving]] will cause one a loss of income; however, each case should be judged individually. <ref>
#Some authorities permit [[shaving]] in honor of [[Yom HaAtzmaut]], however, some disagree.<ref>[https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/05-04-11/ Rabbi Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halacha "Yom HaAtzmaut")] writes that those who shave regularly should shave prior to [[Yom HaAtzmaut]] in order to look presentable for the holiday. However, someone who looks fine is only allowed to take a haircut only Yom Haatzmaut itself and not beforehand. He also quotes Rav Yitzchak Nissim and Rav Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook who agreed. Shana Beshana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank as agreeing. Shana B’shana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi [[Pesach]] Frank as agreeing. Rav Shaul Yisraeli in Mareh HaBezek 4:54 permits [[shaving]] from after midday prior to [[Yom HaAtzmaut]] even for those living outside [[Israel]]. However, Yaskil Avdi 6:10 and Rav Soloveitchik (quoted by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav p. 94) argue.</ref>
* Rav Moshe in Igrot Moshe 4:102 rules that if one will lose money by not [[shaving]], one may shave during sefira, because the minhag never applied in a case of monetary loss. In 5:24(9), he explains his position and says that only a person who is concerned about losing his income for the duration of the sefira is permitted to shave. If, however, he can simply borrow money and then repay it with later income, this leniency wouldn’t apply. See Maadanei Shlomo (p. 54) who quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman as also being lenient.
#Many authorities permit [[shaving]] if not [[shaving]] will cause one a loss of income; however, each case should be judged individually. <ref>*Rav Moshe in Igrot Moshe 4:102 rules that if one will lose money by not [[shaving]], one may shave during sefira, because the minhag never applied in a case of monetary loss. In 5:24(9), he explains his position and says that only a person who is concerned about losing his income for the duration of the sefira is permitted to shave. If, however, he can simply borrow money and then repay it with later income, this leniency wouldn’t apply. See Maadanei Shlomo (p. 54) who quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman as also being lenient.
* Similarly, Sh”t Zera Emet 69 writes that for [[parnasa]] it is permitted, but each case should be judged independently. Chida in Machzik Bracha 493:4, Kaf Hachaim 493:19, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi 6:5, and Nitei Gavriel (49:8) agree.
*Similarly, Sh”t Zera Emet 69 writes that for [[parnasa]] it is permitted, but each case should be judged independently. Chida in Machzik Bracha 493:4, Kaf Hachaim 493:19, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi 6:5, and Nitei Gavriel (49:8) agree.
* However, Piskei Shemuot (p. 62) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that nowadays it is forbidden to shave for [[parnasa]] because it’s not considered strange to go unshaven. </ref>
*However, Piskei Shemuot (p. 62) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that nowadays it is forbidden to shave for [[parnasa]] because it’s not considered strange to go unshaven.</ref>
# Many authorities hold that one is not permitted to shave during his custom of sefira in order to look presentable for a date. <Ref> [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue8.pdf Halachically Speaking] quoting Rav Belsky, Piskei Shmuos (pg 62-63) quoting Rav Elyashiv </ref>
#Many authorities hold that one is not permitted to shave during his custom of sefira in order to look presentable for a date. <ref>[http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue8.pdf Halachically Speaking] quoting Rav Belsky, Piskei Shmuos (pg 62-63) quoting Rav Elyashiv </ref>
# It is permitted to trim one's beard during sefira if it is interfering with eating.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 531:13 permits trimming one's mustache during the shevua shechal bo and nine days if it is interfering with one's eating. Piskei Teshuvot 493:7 writes that the same should apply to sefirat haomer. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 agrees.</ref> If it isn't, there is a dispute if it is permitted.<ref>Biur Halacha 493:2 writes that anyone who can shave on chol hamoed can also do so during sefira. Since Shulchan Aruch 531:8 permits trimming a mustache on chol hamoed even if it isn't interfering with eating it would follow that the same is true of sefira. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 leaves this unresolved. The same equation is made by Yalkut Avrech 5754 p. 200, [https://www.ykr.org.il/question/10150 Kisei Rachamim], and [https://taamu.co.il/dwqa-question/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%97-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99-%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C/ here] and conclude to be lenient. [http://din.org.il/2014/04/27/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A5-%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/ din.org.il] only permits if it is interfering with eating.</ref>
#It is permitted to trim one's beard during sefira if it is interfering with eating.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 531:13 permits trimming one's mustache during the shevua shechal bo and nine days if it is interfering with one's eating. Piskei Teshuvot 493:7 writes that the same should apply to sefirat haomer. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 and [http://shut.moreshet.co.il/shut2.asp?id=185339 Rav Avraham Yosef] agree.</ref> If it isn't, there is a dispute if it is permitted.<ref>Biur Halacha 493:2 writes that anyone who can shave on chol hamoed can also do so during sefira. Since Shulchan Aruch 531:8 permits trimming a mustache on chol hamoed even if it isn't interfering with eating it would follow that the same is true of sefira. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 leaves this unresolved. The same equation is made by Yalkut Avrech 5754 p. 200 and [https://taamu.co.il/dwqa-question/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%97-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99-%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C/ here] and conclude to be lenient. [http://din.org.il/2014/04/27/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A5-%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/ din.org.il] and [https://www.ykr.org.il/question/10150 Rabbi Meir Mazuz] only permit if it is interfering with eating.</ref>


===Cutting nails===
===Cutting nails===
# It is permissible to cut one's nail during the Sefirat HaOmer. <ref>Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #54), Kaf Hachayim 493:16, Chazon Ovadia Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 261, Sh"t Rivivot Ephrayim 4:126:5 </ref>
 
#It is permissible to cut one's nail during the Sefirat HaOmer. <ref>Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #54), Kaf Hachayim 493:16, Chazon Ovadia Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 261, Sh"t Rivivot Ephrayim 4:126:5 </ref>


===Making Shehecheyanu===
===Making Shehecheyanu===
# If something occurs that would require a [[shehecheyanu]], one should recite it as usual. <ref> Mishna Brurah 493:2. The minhag not to is quoted in the Eliyahu Zuta 493:1 quoting Rabbeinu Yerucham and Leket Yosher page 97 quoting the Terumat Hadeshen. </ref>
 
# It is preferable not to wear new clothing which would require one to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira, however, if there's a need one should do it on a [[Shabbat]], at a Simcha of a [[Bar Mitzvah]] or [[Brit Milah]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 433). </ref> Others write that it is completely permissible and one may buy new clothing and furniture during sefira. <ref>The Mishna Berura (493:2) writes that it is permissible to recite the bracha of shehechiyanu during sefira.Thus, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Mesoras Moshe, p. 156), Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky (Emes L’Yaakov O.C. 493), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichos Shlomo, Sefiras Haomer 11:53, Shalmei Moed pg. 441 and Aleihu Lo Yibol 286), and Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (Ashrei HaIsh, Moadim 65:12) rule that it is completely permissible to buy new clothing if it is not your minhag not to. See Taamei Haminhagim page 251.  </ref> The accepted Sephardic minhag is to make [[Shehecheyanu]] as usual. <Ref> Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #55) </ref> If one thought it was prohibited to recite [[shehecheyanu]] but later found out that it is not, doesn't need a [[hatarat nedarim]] to start saying [[shehecheyanu]] during sefira. <ref> Yechave Daat 1:24. </ref>
#If something occurs that would require a [[shehecheyanu]], one should recite it as usual. <ref>Mishna Brurah 493:2. The minhag not to is quoted in the Eliyahu Zuta 493:1 quoting Rabbeinu Yerucham and Leket Yosher page 97 quoting the Terumat Hadeshen. </ref>
# It is permitted to buy new undergarments which do not regularly require a [[Shehecheyanu]] during sefira. <ref> Piskei Teshuvot 493:3 </ref>
#It is preferable not to wear new clothing which would require one to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira, however, if there's a need one should do it on a [[Shabbat]], at a Simcha of a [[Bar Mitzvah]] or [[Brit Milah]].<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 433). </ref> Others write that it is completely permissible and one may buy new clothing and furniture during sefira.<ref>The Mishna Berura (493:2) writes that it is permissible to recite the bracha of shehechiyanu during sefira.Thus, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Mesoras Moshe, p. 156), Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky (Emes L’Yaakov O.C. 493), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichos Shlomo, Sefiras Haomer 11:53, Shalmei Moed pg. 441 and Aleihu Lo Yibol 286), and Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (Ashrei HaIsh, Moadim 65:12) rule that it is completely permissible to buy new clothing if it is not your minhag not to. See Taamei Haminhagim page 251.  </ref> The accepted Sephardic minhag is to make [[Shehecheyanu]] as usual. <ref>Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #55) </ref> If one thought it was prohibited to recite [[shehecheyanu]] but later found out that it is not, doesn't need a [[hatarat nedarim]] to start saying [[shehecheyanu]] during sefira. <ref>Yechave Daat 1:24. </ref>
# It is permissible to eat a new fruit which would require one to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434), Rav Elyashiv quoted in Mivakshei Torah 19 </ref>
#It is permitted to buy new undergarments which do not regularly require a [[Shehecheyanu]] during sefira.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 493:3 </ref>
# It is permissible to move into a new apartment and make the requisite [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434) </ref>
#It is permissible to eat a new fruit which would require one to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434), Rav Elyashiv quoted in Mivakshei Torah 19 </ref>
#It is permissible to move into a new apartment and make the requisite [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Sefira.<ref>Yachava Daat 3:30, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434). Rav Ovadia reasons that since one may recite shehechiyanu during the omer one could move into a new house during the omer and it isn't similar to the three weeks. </ref>


===Moving to a New House===
===Moving to a New House===
# It is permitted to move to a new house or apartment during sefira. <ref> Piskei Teshuvot 493: note 6 quoting the Satmar Rebbe, Mevakshei Torah 19 quoting Rav Elyashiv, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who bring down this minhag. </ref>
#It is permitted to move to a new house or apartment during sefira.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 493: note 6 quoting the Satmar Rebbe, Mevakshei Torah 19 quoting Rav Elyashiv, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who quote this minhag. </ref>
# It is permitted to redecorate or paint one's home. <ref> Yechave Daat 3:30, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who bring this minhag as well. </ref>
#It is permitted to redecorate or paint one's home.<ref>Yechave Daat 3:30, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who cite this minhag as well. </ref>
 
===Listening to Music===
===Listening to Music===
{{Listening to Music during Sefira}}
{{Listening to Music during Sefira}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Prayer]]
[[Category:Prayer]]

Revision as of 02:11, 14 July 2023

The first day of the Omer on Bet Midrash Gavoha's Sefira Calendar

There is a Torah obligation to count the days of the Omer stated in the Pasuk [1] as follows: וספרתם לכם ממחרת השבת מיום הביאכם את עמר התנופה שבע שבתות תמימת תהיינה: עד ממחרת השבת השביעת תספרו חמשים יום והקרבתם מנחה חדשה ליהוה:. The Mitzvah is to count 49 days (counting the days and the weeks) from the second day of Pesach (when the Korban HaOmer was brought) until Shavuot. The mitzvah applies nowadays. [2]

Procedure of counting Sefirat HaOmer

  1. The bracha to be recited before counting the Omer is ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על ספירת העומר - Baruch Atta Hashem Elokeinu Melech HaOlam Asher Kideshanu BeMitzvotav VeTzivanu Al Sefirat HaOmer.[3]
  2. One should say the Sefirat HaOmer standing up. If one said it sitting, one fulfilled one's obligation after the fact.[4]
  3. There is a dispute if a person can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer by listening to someone else count. Therefore, one should avoid doing so. However, one may fulfill the bracha by listening to someone else count.[5]
  4. If a person read an email or text aloud stating that today was such-and-such in the Omer and didn't have intent to fulfill one's obligation, if it was after the seventh day one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation since he has not mentioned weeks and may count afterwards with a bracha.[6] However, if it was read without verbal expression or just mentally expressed, one certainly doesn't fulfill one's obligation. [7]
  5. If a person wrote in a letter that today was such-and-such in the Omer there is a dispute if one has fulfilled one's obligation and therefore, one should count again without a bracha.[8]

When to Count Sefira

  1. According to most poskim, it is correct to wait until Tzet Hakochavim in order to count sefirat haomer; however, one fulfills his obligation by counting after sunset. [9]
  2. If one is praying in a minyan that finishes maariv after sunset and one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count then without a Bracha and mentally stipulate, "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." If one in fact remembers, he should count after Tzet Hakochavim with a Bracha. [10]
  3. If one is going to pray maariv with a minyan that is late at night, some poskim hold that one should wait to count with the minyan, while others say that one should count at Tzet Hakochavim. [11]
  4. If one counted during the day (before Plag Mincha) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation even if one Davened Mariv early and one must count it again that night with a Bracha. [12] However, because of a minority opinion who says one did fulfill one's obligation, some say one should count again at night without a bracha. [13]
  5. If one said Mariv before Shekiyah after Plag Mincha one shouldn’t count then but rather wait until at least Bein HaShemashot, However if one did so then one should count again at night without a Bracha unless one didn’t daven mariv before Shekiyah in which case one should count again with a Bracha. [14]
  6. If someone is insistent on saying Kriyat Shema at night after Tzet HaKochavim of Rabbenu Tam, one should also wait until Tzet HaKochavim in order to count Sefirat HaOmer. [15]
  7. One shouldn’t rely on the minhag to count after Plag Mincha. [16]

Counting During the Day

  1. If one forgot to count at night one can still count during the day without a bracha and continue to count the next night with a bracha.[17]
  2. If someone forgot until sunset, it is possible to count during ben hashemashot and later that night continue to count with a bracha. In such a case a person should be careful to continue to count each subsequent day at night and not ben hashemashot. For this purpose a person should only employ the ben hashemashot of the geonim and not rabbenu tam.[18]
  3. If someone forgot to count until they accepted Shabbat and davened maariv early, it is still possible to count without a bracha, and then continue that night to count with a bracha.[19]
  4. Sephardim have a minhag to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit every day so that in case someone forgot they will have fixed it.[20] Ashkenazim don't have that minhag.[21]

If one forgot to count

  1. One should say the Sefirah in the beginning of the night, if one forgot one can say the Sefirah with a Bracha the entire night. [22]
  2. If one forgot to count the Omer an entire night and day one should continue to count without a Bracha. [23]
  3. If one is unsure whether one missed an entire day one should continue to count with a Bracha. [24]
  4. If one forgot to count one entire day and night, some say that one can be the Shaliach Tzibbur and make the bracha for others, however, others argue that one may not do so, rather once one missed a night and day, one may not count with a bracha but one may listen to someone making the bracha for himself.[25]
  5. If a person counted in a self-contradictory manner, like saying the correct number of days but wrong number of weeks or vice versa and he didn't fix it by the next night, he can only continue to count without a beracha. [26]

If someone asks the day of the Omer

  1. If someone asks "What day of the Omer is it?" if one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation yet, one should answer that "yesterday was such and such" rather than answering "today is such and such in the Omer" because if one were to do so, then one would fulfill one's obligation without having made the Bracha (and wouldn't be allowed to then say the Bracha).[27]
  2. If it's before Shekiah then one may answer the day in the Omer in a straightforward manner and still say that night's Omer with a Bracha.[28] However, because of a minority opinion that one fulfills one's obligation by counting after Plag Mincha, even before Shekiyah, one should be careful not to answer in a straightforward manner but rather say "yesterday was such and such".[29]
  3. If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the number of the Omer without saying the number of weeks many authoriites hold that one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation and one should repeat the counting with a Bracha [30], while others argue that one should repeat the counting without a Bracha [31], and some make a compromise to obligate one in repeating the counting with a Bracha on days when a week is completed. [32]
  4. Some say that if a person answered the number in abbreviation (such as Lag for 33 or Dalet for 4) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and one should repeat counting the Sefirah with a Bracha. [33] while others hold that one fulfills one's obligation with an abbreviation and one should not repeat the Omer with a Bracha. [34]
  5. If a person made the Bracha and then said the number in abbreviation one shouldn’t repeat the counting with a Bracha (since he clearly intended to fulfill his obligation and there is some significance to an abbreviation.)[35]
  6. If one makes the Bracha and counts by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine one has fulfilled one's obligation. [36]
  7. If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the next number of the Omer minus one such as saying that today is forty minus one instead of saying thirty nine, some say that one fulfilled one's obligation, while others disagree and hold that one should repeat the counting with a Bracha. [37]
  8. If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying that tomorrow the Omer is such and such (and it's implied that today's Omer is one less) nonetheless one has not fulfilled one's obligation and one must repeat counting the Omer with a Bracha. [38]

Eating before counting the Omer

  1. From a half hour before the time for sefira (according to some poskim, this refers to sunset, while others maintain that it refers to Tzet Hakochavim), one shouldn’t eat a meal until he counts sefira. More than a KeBaytzah of bread is considered a meal, however, even a lot of fruit isn’t a meal. There is a dispute whether Pas HaBah Bekisnin is considered like bread for this halacha. Nonetheless, many poskim defend the minhag to eat before sefira if one regularly attends a later minyan.[39]
  2. Learning is permitted before sefira if one usually goes to a later minyan. [40]

Who is obligated to count?

  1. Women are exempt from counting since it’s a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. [41]

A child who became Bar Mitzvahed during Sefirah

  1. According to R. Ovadiah Yosef, a child who became Bar Mitzvahed during Sefirah should continue counting after his Bar Mitvah without a bracha.[42] However, most Ashkenazi poskim say that he may continue counting even with a bracha.[43]
  2. A convert who converted during Sefirah should count without a bracha from the time of his conversion.[44]

Language of the Sefirah

  1. Lechatchila, one should know the number of the day when you make the bracha. Bedieved, if one said the bracha with intent to hear the number of the day from his friend and paused to hear his friend after his bracha, he’s Yotsei. [45]
  2. Lechatchila, one should count today is such and such “to the Omer”, Bedieved if one just said today is such and such day you’re yotzei. [46]
  3. After ten days one should count the ones digit and then the tens digit such as Echad Asar and Eched V'esrim.[47] If one switched the order one fulfilled his obligation.[48] If it is normal in your country to say the tens digit first you should say it before the ones digit as in Esrim V'echad.[49]
  4. The minhag is for the first ten days of the Omer to use the term Yamim to count the days but after the tenth day the minhag is to uses the term Yom for the days part of the counting as in Eched Asar Yom and not Yamim.[50]

La'Omer vs. Ba'Omer

  1. Some say that we recite today is such and such day la'omer.[51] Others say ba'omer.[52] Some even suggest saying both.[53] Each person should stick to his own custom.[54]Either way, entire addition of the phrase Ba’Omer or La’Omer is only Lechatechila but one fulfills the requirement of counting without mentioning either phrase. [55]

Counting the Wrong Day of the Omer

  1. Preferably, one should know the day of the Omer while making the Bracha, however, if one didn't know the day of the Omer but made the Bracha with intent to complete it as one will hear from one's friend and one did do so one has fulfilled one's obligation. [56]
  2. If one made the bracha and counted incorrectly and didn't fix it within a Toch Kdei Dibbur one needs to count again with a new bracha.[57]
  3. If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta… Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the wrong night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the correct night and then said the correct day one fulfilled one's obligation.[58]
  4. If one started the bracha (Baruch Atta… Melech HaOlam) with in mind to say the correct night and then finished the bracha with the intent to say the wrong night and then said the wrong day, according to Sephardim, one fulfilled one's obligation, while Ashkenazim hold that if one corrects the number of the day within Toch Kedi Dibbur one fulfilled one's obligation, otherwise one needs to recite a new bracha.[59]
  5. When correcting oneself within Toch Kdei Dibbur it isn't necessary to repeat the word Hayom, it is sufficient to just count the correct number.[60] However, according to some opinions even if it was longer than Toch Kdei Dibbur, when one had the intent for the correct day during the bracha, one can correct oneself by starting with entire sentence of Hayom again as long as one didn't interrupt with something unrelated to sefirat haomer.[61]
  6. If a person actually counted correctly and then thought he made a mistake and corrected himself within a Toch Kdei Dibbur, that correction doesn't nullify his fulfillment of the mitzvah.[62]

Prohibited Practices during the Sefirat HaOmer

The practice is to observe certain practices of mourning during the Sefirah because the 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva died during this time. [63]

When?

  1. There are differing practices for when this custom is observed.[64] There are three basic minhagim about the mourning period between Pesach and Shavuot:
    1. One practice is to mourn the first 33 days from the beginning of the Omer until the 34th day in the morning. This practice is followed by Sephardim. [65]
    2. A second practice is to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until the 33rd day in the morning. This practice is followed by most Ashkenazim. [66] There is a dispute if, according to this approach, one would be allowed to get married on the night of the 33rd.[67]
    3. A third practice is to mourn 33 not consecutive days during the Omer. [68]This practice is followed by some Ashkenazim. [69]
      1. Some observe this practice by mourning from the day after Rosh Chodesh Iyar until Erev Shavuot excluding Lag BaOmer. [70]
      2. Some observe this practice by mourning from the first day of Rosh Chodesh Iyar until the third day before Shavuot. [71]
      3. Some observe this practice by mourning from after Issru Chag until Rosh Chodesh Sivan excluding the two days of Rosh Chodesh Iyar and Lag BaOmer. [72]
      4. Some observe this practice by mourning all the days of the Omer expect for Rosh Chodesh Iyar and Sivan. [73]
    4. A fourth minhag followed by some is to observe sefira, in regards to not cutting one's hair, for the entire duration of the sefira from Erev Pesach until Erev Shavuot.[74]
  2. Some say that one may switch customs from year to year.[75] Others argue.[76]
  3. It is permitted for a wife to observe her family’s mourning period, as long as her husband does not object. [77]

Getting Married

  1. The custom is not to get married during the Sefirat Haomer period.[78] For exactly when this applies and the different customs, see above When?.
  2. If a marriage involves a couple with different customs, for example, one side who is Ashkenazic and one side Sephardic, the custom of the husband should be followed. [79]
  3. If one is invited to a wedding which takes place during a time of the sefira when one's custom is to observe the practices of mourning, and the one who is getting married has the custom that it is permissible to get married then, one should not refrain from going to the wedding because of the sefira.[80] However, one may still not shave in such a situation.[81]
  4. One may have a wedding within the three days of Shavuot[82]

Getting Engaged

  1. It's permissible to get engaged during the Sefirah.[83] However one may not have musical instruments and one shouldn't dance. [84]
  2. In general, it is permitted to have meals with friends during the sefira unlike regular mourning. [85]

Celebrating a Bar Mitzva

  1. It is permissible to celebrate a bar mitzva with dancing during sefira, but without music.[86]

Cutting Hair

  1. In commemoration of the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva, the minhag is not to cut one’s hair during sefira. Although many minhagim exist, the common minhag is that Sephardim don’t cut their hair until the 34th day of sefira in the morning and Ashkenazim don’t cut their hair until the 33rd in the morning.[87]
  2. The Sephardic custom on a year that Lag BaOmer falls out on Friday is that one may cut one's hair on Friday morning out of respect for Shabbat and if one is unable to cut one's hair on Friday morning, it's permissible to cut one's hair on Thursday night after Tzet HaKochavim. [88]
  3. According to Ashkenazim, if there's a pressing need women may cut their hair during Sefirat HaOmer.[89] According to Sephardim, women may cut their hair during the Sefirah.[90]
  4. According to some poskim, children under the age of bar mitzvah are permitted to get haircuts during the omer as they are not included in the mourning of the sefirat haomer. [91]
  5. If one has a Brit Milah during the Sefira, the father of the baby, the Mohel, and the Tzandak may cut their hair that day. [92]
  6. It is permissible to tweeze eyebrows or eyelashes. [93]
  7. It is permissible to comb hair even if some hairs will be removed in the process. [94]

Shaving

  1. Included in the minhag not to take hair cuts is not to shave. [95] Some authorities permitted someone who shaves daily after having waited 3 or 5 days of not shaving to shave during the Sefira.[96]
  2. Some Sephardic authorities are lenient regarding shave on Rosh Chodesh Iyar if it causes one pain not to shave, however, Ashkenazic authorities seem not to accept such a leniency.[97]
  3. If Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls out on Shabbat, Ashkenazim allow shaving for Kavod Shabbat.[98] Sephardim still don't shave then.[99] If Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls out on Sunday, some Sephardic poskim hold that one can be lenient to shave for Shabbat.[100]
  4. Many authorities hold that one may not shave on Friday for Kavod Shabbat, though some allow it. If there is a great need some Sephardic poskim are lenient to allow shaving every Friday.[101]
  5. Some authorities permit shaving in honor of Yom HaAtzmaut, however, some disagree.[102]
  6. Many authorities permit shaving if not shaving will cause one a loss of income; however, each case should be judged individually. [103]
  7. Many authorities hold that one is not permitted to shave during his custom of sefira in order to look presentable for a date. [104]
  8. It is permitted to trim one's beard during sefira if it is interfering with eating.[105] If it isn't, there is a dispute if it is permitted.[106]

Cutting nails

  1. It is permissible to cut one's nail during the Sefirat HaOmer. [107]

Making Shehecheyanu

  1. If something occurs that would require a shehecheyanu, one should recite it as usual. [108]
  2. It is preferable not to wear new clothing which would require one to make a Shehecheyanu during the Sefira, however, if there's a need one should do it on a Shabbat, at a Simcha of a Bar Mitzvah or Brit Milah.[109] Others write that it is completely permissible and one may buy new clothing and furniture during sefira.[110] The accepted Sephardic minhag is to make Shehecheyanu as usual. [111] If one thought it was prohibited to recite shehecheyanu but later found out that it is not, doesn't need a hatarat nedarim to start saying shehecheyanu during sefira. [112]
  3. It is permitted to buy new undergarments which do not regularly require a Shehecheyanu during sefira.[113]
  4. It is permissible to eat a new fruit which would require one to make a Shehecheyanu during the Sefira.[114]
  5. It is permissible to move into a new apartment and make the requisite Shehecheyanu during the Sefira.[115]

Moving to a New House

  1. It is permitted to move to a new house or apartment during sefira.[116]
  2. It is permitted to redecorate or paint one's home.[117]

Listening to Music

  1. It is forbidden to listen to music during the Sefira.[118] Some poskim say that even if it's not live music,[119] and this practice should be kept until at least the 34th of the Omer.[120] Some poskim even prohibit listening to a Capella music.[121]
  2. According to some poskim slow music that would not lead to dancing such as slow classical music can be listened to.[122]
  3. If not listening to recorded music will result in depression, even the stringent authorities would permit it.[123]
  4. If one is reliant on playing live music to make an income, he is permitted to.[124]
  5. One can listen to music on the 33rd of the omer at night even according to Sepharadim.[125]
  6. Some poskim permit listening to music during a workout.[126]
  7. Some poskim allow music during sefirat haomer in celebration of a pidyon haben because it is for a mitzva.[127]
  8. Some poskim allow music and dancing during Chol Hamoed even though it is part of sefira.[128]

Sources

  1. ↑ (Vayikra 23:15-16)
  2. ↑ Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvah Mitzvot Aseh #161) counts this as one mitzvah to count days and weeks and not as two separate mitzvot, seemingly based on the gemara menachot 66a. See Tosfot Menachot 65b s.v. Ketuv who asks why we only count 49 days when the Pasuk says to count 50 days and answers that the pasuk doesn't mean from the Korban Omer until the day after HaShabbat HaShevit count 50 days but rather means to from the Korban Omer until the day after Hashabbat HaShevit which is the 50th day one should count (up to but not including). Alternatively Tosfot answers that the command to count to the number 50 in the pasuk refers to when the Korban Shtei HaLechem is brought and not the count of the Omer.
  3. ↑ The Levush 489:1 records the text of the Bracha to be said before counting the sefira as Al Sefirat HaOmer. This is also evident from Shulchan Aruch 489:2
  4. ↑ Rosh (Pesachim 10:41) and Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:23) write that Sefirat HaOmer should be said standing. S”A 489:1 codifies this halacha that one should say Sefirat HaOmer while standing. The Rambam adds that, if one did say it while seated one fulfills one's obligation after the fact. The Mishna Brurah 489:6 concurs. Mishna Brurah adds that one should stand also for the bracha.
  5. ↑ There is a major dispute amongst the Rishonim if Shomea KeOneh is operable by Sefirat HaOmer. The Ramban (Pesachim 7a s.v. VeAni) implies that you can't Sefirat HaOmer with Shomea KeOneh, since in theory we should have said the bracha with a lamed as it can't be fulfilled by someone else. Rashi (Menachot 65b) also seems to say that Shomea KeOneh doesn't work since the Torah wanted each and every person to count. However, the Rashba 1:458 implies that the congregation can fulfill Sefirat HaOmer with Shomea KeOnah. The Beiur Halacha 489 s.v. UMitzvah quotes the Maharitz Geyitz and Orchot Chaim as saying that Shomea KeOnah is effective for Sefirat HaOmer. In conclusion, the Beiur Halacha writes that one should avoid using Shomea KeOnah for Sefirat HaOmer. Nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 489:5 points out that there's no dispute that Shomea KeOnah is effective for the bracha.
  6. ↑ Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com
  7. ↑ Pri Chadash 489:6
  8. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 489:28 cites a dispute whether one has fulfilled his obligation and concludes that one should count again without a bracha. The Aruch Hashulchan (O.C. 489:9) assumes that one cannot fulfill the mitzvah through writing. However, R’ Akiva Eiger (Teshuvos 1:29-32) and Chasam Sofer (Teshuvos 6:19) consider the possibility that “Kisiva Kidibur”, writing has the same Halachic status as speaking, and therefore after writing the sefira, a bracha may no longer be recited on a secondary counting. Rav Soloveitchik (Harerei Kedem, 2:110) suggested, that perhaps, even if in other areas of Halacha writing is not equivalent to speaking, sefiras haomer is unique and the mitzvah may be fulfilled with writing. This is because sefira does not require verbalization. Rather, the person must list the correct date in some manner and writing would be sufficient to do so even without articulation. See Birchot_HaTorah#What_Type_of_Learning_Requires_Birchot_HaTorah.3F for a similar discussion.
  9. ↑ *Tosfot (Menachot 66a s.v. zecher) has one opinion who says that one may count sefira during Bein HaShemashot since sefira is only derabbanan. Rosh (Pesachim 10:40) and Tur 489:1 agree. However, the Ran (Pesachim 28a) argues that it’s not proper to enter a safek initially. Similarly, Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:22) rules that sefira should be counted at night.
    • Bet Yosef 489:1 quotes this dispute, and his ruling in S”A is unclear. Mishna Brurah 489:14 understands that S”A holds that the halacha follows Tosfot but that it is proper to wait until Tzet Hakochavim. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 232) agrees.
    • After the fact, if one counted during Bein HaShemashot, Magen Avraham 489:6 writes that he has fulfilled his obligation. Beiur HaGra 489:3 and Mishna Brurah 489:15 agree. However, Eliyah Rabba 489:10 argues that one should count again after Tzet Hakochavim without a Bracha.
  10. ↑ *The Avudraham (Tefillot HaPesach) writes that if one prays with an early minyan, he should count without a Bracha, and if he remembers later, he should count with a Bracha. Shulchan Aruch 489:3 codifies this as the halacha. Taz 489:6 and Beiur HaGra 489:3 explain that the case is where the minyan finished during Bein HaShemashot.
    • Mishna Brurah 489:17 writes that if one wants to count after Tzet Hakochavim, he should count with the minyan without a Bracha and have in mind that if he remembers later to count with a Bracha, this original counting shouldn’t fulfill his obligation. Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger 46:16 and Aruch HaShulchan 489:8 agree. Chazon Ovadyah (Yom Tov p. 233-4) adds that the stipulation should be "if I don't remember to count with a bracha then this counting should fulfill my obligation, however, if I remember later then I have intent not to fulfill my obligation with this counting." However, the Taz writes that making such a condition doesn’t work.
    • See, however, the Levush 489:3, who explains that the case is where the minyan finished before sunset, and the reason they counted was for Amei HaAretz who wouldn’t count later at night.
  11. ↑ *S”A 489:1 writes that on the second night of Pesach, one should count sefira after maariv. The Chok Yaakov 489:16 explains that this is based on the halacha of giving precedence to the more common activity (Tadir). However, Mor UKetziah 489:1 argues that Tadir doesn’t apply here since sefira is deoraitta, or at least the mitzvah is explicit in the pasuk even though nowadays it’s derabbanan, while tefillah is entirely derabbanan. Thus, he explains that sefira must be said in the beginning of the night (Tzet Hakochavim) because one shouldn’t delay a mitzvah.
    • Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99(1) defends the Chok Yaakov and writes that one must wait to count sefira after maariv even if he prays later in the night. Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 18) agrees. On the other hand, Shevet HaLevi 6:53(3) agrees with the Mor UKetziah and says that if one is going to daven in a late minyan, he should count by himself earlier, but he defends the minhag to wait to count with the minyan because otherwise many people would forget to count. Similarly, Halichot Shlomo (Tefilaa 16:16) also writes that the minhag is not to eat from the time of Sefirat HaOmer, and even if one still didn't pray Maariv, one should count the sefira.
  12. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:2, Mishna Brurah 489:13, Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom
  13. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 489:47
  14. ↑ Hilchot Chag BaChag (pg 29)
  15. ↑ Piskei Shemuot (Shavuot pg 40-1) in name of Rav Nassim Karlitz
  16. ↑ Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuvot (vol 3, end of chapter 4) quoted by Piskei Shemuot (Shavuot pg 42), Beiur Halacha 489:3 s.v. MeBeOd Yom
  17. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:7
  18. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 489:24, Chazon Ovadia p. 238
  19. ↑ Chazon Ovadia p. 240, Piskei Teshuvot 489:24 quoting the Shaarei Teshuva, Igrot Moshe 4:99, and Shraga Hameir 6:41 based on Taz 600
  20. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 489:80 and Yalkut Yosef 489:25 (Moadim n. 18) write that the minhag is to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit each day so that if someone forgot to count at night they will have counted during the day and continue the next night.
  21. ↑ Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:247 writes that the Ashkenazi minhag is not to count each day after Shacharit because doing so would be considered baal tosif to validate the day for sefirat haomer which isn't true according to some rishonim. Rivevot Efraim 1:331 writes that in fact this difference of minhagim appears in the Maharshal (end of Bava Kama n. 44) that in Israel they would count after Shacharit each day but in Bavel they wouldn't.
  22. ↑ Tur 489:1 writes that if one forgot to count at the beginning of the night one can count all night. Perisha 489:1 quotes the Ran (Pesachim 28a s.v. VeBeHaggadah Gam Ken) who agrees. This is also the opinion of S”A 489:1.
  23. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 489:8, Yabia Omer 3:28. Mishna Brurah 489:36-37 explains that we continue counting to satisfy the opinions that say that you can, but don't say a beracha because of the opinions that you cannot, namely the Behag quoted by Tosafot Menachot 66a "zecher" that if you miss one night you can't count any longer because to fulfill the mitzva you need seven full weeks. Tosafot themselves disagree and say you can continue counting, as does Rabbeinu Yitzchak quoted in the Rosh Pesachim 10:41 because the Behag believes that the mitzva is only one long mitzva. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted by Rav Herschel Schachter in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 explains the behag not as saying that you need seven full weeks, but that you need the 49 consecutive days, and that is why the halacha is that if you count during the day even if you missed it the night before, you can continue through the rest of sefira with a beracha because you accomplished this obligation of consecutive nights. Sh"t Beit Halevi 1:39 says that since there is a mitzva to count days and weeks, if somebody misses a night in the middle of the week, he can count with a beracha on the nights that complete the week. Shearim mitzuyanim Bihalacha 120:4 says that nowadays when people miss a night they think they are exempt, and that is not what the Shulchan Aruch intended by saying that one should count without a beracha, and therefore, nowadays one should continue counting with a beracha.
  24. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 489:8
  25. ↑ Pri Chadash 489:8 quotes one Rabbi who said that just like the Shaliach Tzibbur can make the brachot of chazarat hashatz even if no one in the congregation needs those brachot to fulfill an obligation, so too a Shaliach Tzibbur may make tha bracha of Sefirat HaOmer even if he isn't obligated in that bracha because he missed a day. However, the Pri Chadash argues that once he missed a day he isn't considered mechuyachav in the mitzvah of sefiarh according to that opinion that one may not miss any days. He compares it to the Yerushalmi which says that a person who lives in a city that reads the megillah on the 14th can't fulfill the obligation of a person who lives in a walled city who reads the megillah on the 15th. He argues that even Rashi (Megillah 2a) who seems to argue on the Yerushalmi, doesn't really disagree (see also Tosfot Yevamot 14a s.v. Ki).
  26. ↑ Rabbi Eli Mansour Dailyhalacha
  27. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 489:4
  28. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:4
  29. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 489:52 quoting Shulchan Aruch 489:15
  30. ↑ Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 (see it inside) argues at length that the mitzvah includes an element of counting the days and an element of counting weeks and if one lacks either one the obligation wasn't fulfilled and one should repeat it with a Bracha. The Mishna Brurah 489:22 (and Shaar HaTziyun 489:28) hold like the Eliyah Rabba who also holds that if one didn't count the weeks one must repeat the counting with a Bracha.
  31. ↑ Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni
  32. ↑ Shaar HaTziyun 489:28 in name of the Pri Chadash
  33. ↑ Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5
  34. ↑ Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni
  35. ↑ Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5
  36. ↑ The Pri HaAretz Siman 10 quotes the Mahari Malcho who says that if on the 39th day one said that tonight is 40 minus 1 one fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also quoted by the Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Mi SheShachach, Bear Hetiev 489:8, Yad Aharon (on the Tur Siman 489 s.v. Im Amar).
  37. ↑ Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses), Kemach Solet pg 118b s.v. Im Shoalo Chavero
  38. ↑ Sh"t Vayan Avraham Siman 35 and Chazon Ovadyah (Yom Tov pg 247) based on the distinction of the Sh"t Pri HaAretz Siman 10 (at the end in parentheses)
  39. ↑ *Rama 489:4 writes that from the time of sefira, it is forbidden to eat until one counts. Mishna Brurah 489:23 writes that really the prohibition begins from a half hour before Tzet Hakochavim, while the S”A HaRav 489:17 and Kaf HaChaim 489:64 hold that the prohibition begins from a half hour before sunset.
    • Kaf HaChaim 489:66 clarifies that it is forbidden only to eat a meal that fits the criteria given by S”A 232:3, meaning more than a KeBeitzah of bread; fruit, even in large quantities, is not considered a meal. Yalkut Yosef 489:43 and Hilchot Chag BeChag (p. 16) write that Pat HaBah Bekisnin is the same as bread for this halacha; Nitei Gavriel 26:5 disagrees.
    • Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:99 writes that the logic permitting a person to eat before maariv - namely, that if one usually prays in a minyan he won’t forget to pray - should also permit eating before sefira, even after Tzet Hakochavim. Az Nidbaru 6:52, Rav Elyashiv (quoted by Piskei Shemuot p. 47), and Nitei Gavriel 26:4 agree. See Aruch HaShulchan 232:16, who records this leniency regarding mincha.
  40. ↑ Regarding Shacharit, Rashi Brachot 5b understands that Abba Binyamin wouldn’t learn before Davening, however, Tosfot disagrees. Rosh 1:7 explains that Rashi meant only that a person who doesn’t usually pray with a minyan shouldn’t learn before praying. Someone who usually prays with a minyan, on the other hand, is unlikely to forget to pray and thus may learn before praying. Tur and S”A 89:6 codify the Rosh as halacha. Mishna Brurah 232:11 writes that the same is true of mincha. Therefore, when Mishna Brurah 489:24 writes that doing any activity before counting sefira is the same as by mincha, he means that it’s permitted if one usually davens with a minyan.
  41. ↑ Rambam (Temidin UMusafin 7:24, Sefer Hamitzvot #161) rules that women are exempt from counting Sefirah. This is brought in Bet Yosef 489:1 s.v. VeTzarich and is also the opinion of Magen Avraham 489:1 (who also quotes Zohar Titzaveh pg 319 to show women are exempt) and Mishna Brurah 489:3.
    Interestingly, Ramban (Kiddushin 34a) holds that women are obligated because it is a Mitzvat Aseh She'ein HaZman Grama. Many Acharonim grapple with this Ramban, as, seemingly, it's indeed time bound between Pesach and Shavuot. The Avnei Nezer (O.C. 384) postulates that since the Torah ties Sefirat HaOmer to the day after Yom Tov, and not Yom Tov itself, it's not really dependent on the 16th of Nissan, but the day before, and, therefore, SheHaZman Grama. In opposition, the Sridei Esh (vol. 2 Siman 116) argues that Zeman Grama means there is a specific interval of time in which one must fulfill the Mitzvah. Sefirat HaOmer isn't bound to a time interval, however, it itself is a time interval, in which we are obligated to acknowledge during each of its days. Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchic (Nefesh HaRav pg. 191, see also MiPininei HaRav pg. 124) and the editors of the Rambam Frankel (Sefer HaMitzvot ibid.) felt it was just a copyist error, as none of the Ramban's major Talmidim who usually quote his opinions cite it. Rav Hershel Schachter and Rav Asher Weiss point out how a recent discovery of the Sefer Imrei Shefer, Chiddushim of the son of the Maharam Chalawa, who was a Talmid of a Talmid of the Rashba, shed light on the matter. The son quotes his father, the Maharam Chalawah, who explains that Sefirah isn’t Zman Grama since the time doesn’t cause Sefirah, but the Korban HaOmer, just like Birkat HaMazon on Shabbat isn't Zeman Grama, as the Mitzvah of Seudat Shabbat is Gorem it. Rav Schachter felt that the Maharam Chalawah's explanation was most relevant, as it was coming from a Talmid from the same Beit Midrash who most probably had a masorah. For a more detailed discussion, see the above article by HaRav Asher Weiss, Biur Sefer HaMitzvot LeRav Saadia Gaon by Rav Yerucham Fischel Perlow (Mevo chapter 12, specifically s.v. veOmnam), and the essay by HaRav Shlomo Wahrman, Rosh Yeshiva of HANC, in Orot HaPesach, pg. 289.
    • Shulchan Shlomo 489:3 writes that women shouldn't count sefirat haomer with a bracha because they might forget to count one night and they won't know the halacha (that they're supposed to continue without a bracha).
  42. ↑ Sh"t Yabia Omer 3:27-28
  43. ↑ Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15, Sheilot U'teshuvot Kesav Sofer 99, Sheilot U'teshuvot Maharam Shick 260, and Sheilot U'Teshuvot Mishnah Halachos 11:398. Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik quoted in Eretz Hatzvi 3:6-7 says that according to the Behag quoted in Tosafot 66a "zecher" the bar-mitzva boy should be allowed to continue with a beracha because the mitzva is dependent on the consecutiveness of the 49 nights, which he fulfills even before becoming of age.
  44. ↑ Shaarei Teshuvah O.C. 489:20, Aruch HaShulchan O.C. 489:15
  45. ↑ Shulchan Aruch OC 489:5 writes that if one said the bracha with in mind that one will say the Hayom that his friend says, he fulfills his obligation. Yet, Taz 489:8 writes that implied from S”A is that Lechatchila one should say the bracha only when you know the number of the day. Mishna Brurah 489:29 adds that Lechatchila it’s forbidden to pause for more than Toch Kedi Dibbur.
  46. ↑ Sh”t Rashba 1:457 brought in Bet Yosef 489 s.v. Katav rules that really to fulfill the mitzvah it doesn’t matter whether you mention the Omer or not, however, it’s preferable to mention the Omer to clarify. This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 489:8.
  47. ↑ Magen Avraham 489:5 writes that one should count the tens digit before the ones digit since that is the normal way to count and the Gemara Yoma 55a writes that when counting numbers we should follow the practice of the place. Chok Yakov 489:10 agrees. Emunat Shmuel responsa 49 writes that the sefira is counted with the ones digit first because we follow Rabbi Yehuda in Yoma 55a and he doesn't say that it depends on the place.
  48. ↑ Mishna Brurah 489:9
  49. ↑ Magen Avraham 489:5, Otzar Hamoadim 489:8.
    The Get Pashut 126:24 is bothered that the minhag is to say on Yom Kippur the text of Achat V'shatim mentioning the smaller number before the bigger one and for Gittin the minhag is to write the bigger number first (Rama EH 126:5). This is cited by the Mitzvat Sefirat Haomer p. 75.
  50. ↑ Chok Yakov 489:10 writes that this is the regular form of terms in Hebrew.
  51. ↑ Shu"t HaRashba 1:457, Kol Bo Siman 55, Arizal (Shaar HaKavanot Sefirat Haomer Drush 11) and Shla Pesachim 23. Mishna Brura 489:8 says most poskim say la'omer
  52. ↑ Rama 489:1, Taz 489:3
    Rav Soloveitchik (Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik) said that the word “Ba’Omer” reflects the connotation that Sefirah is diorayta even today, in accordance with the Rambam, and the present period is thus even today called the Omer period. However, “La’Omer” implies that the counting is from the time of the korban haomer, which does not apply nowadays, and thus the counting is only rabbinic. see however, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 33 who says exactly the opposite.
  53. ↑ Rav Soloveitchik (Halakhic Positions of Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik)
  54. ↑ Hilchot Chag BeChag pg 32, Shulchan Aruch Harav 489:7
  55. ↑ Mishna Brura 489:8, Hilchot Chag Bechag pg. 34, Maamar Mordechai 489:2
  56. ↑ Mishna Brurah 489:29, Kaf Hachaim 489:74, Shulchan Aruch 489:5
  57. ↑ Kovetz Halachot Piskei Rebbe Shmuel Kamenetsky (Sefirat Haomer p. 39-40), Hilchot Chag Bchag (Sefirat Haomer by R' Moshe Karp) 6:9 p. 49, and Otzar Halachot (Sefirat Haomer by R' Friedman 489:31) all write that if he counted for the incorrect day and didn't correct himself within Toch Kdei Dibbur it is it is like he didn't count at all and he needs to count again with a bracha. This is also evident based on Shulchan Aruch 489:6, Magen Avraham 489:12, Mishna Brurah 489:32, and Kaf Hachaim 489:77.
  58. ↑ Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the wrong number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the correct number and said the HaYom correctly, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is following the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in Brachot 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of Rishonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and he fulfilled his obligation. This is also the opinion of the S”A 489:6 and all achronim agree including Mishna Brurah 489:32.
  59. ↑ (1) Tur 489:6 quotes the Avi Ezri that writes that a person who had in mind the correct number during the beginning of the bracha and during the end of the bracha he thought of the wrong number and said the wrong HaYom, isn’t Yotzei as he needs the beginning and end of the bracha to be with the correct intention. (2) Bet Yosef 489:6 quotes the Mordechai that this Avi Ezri is following the opinion that Sefira is Deoritta and therefore since it’s a Safek whether such a Bracha is sufficient (as in Brachot 12a) he must make a new bracha. However, Bet Yosef concludes since majority of Rishonim hold Sefira is Derabbanan, we are lenient on this safek and is Yotzei. Therefore, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:6 rules that if one had in mind the correct day while reciting the bracha and then said the wrong day when reciting the text, one fulfilled their obligation. Many achronim agree with this approach fundamentally including the Magen Avraham 489:12, Olot Shabbat 489:6, Chok Yakov 489:19, and Kaf HaChaim 489:75. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim edition 5764 pg 615) writes that one should count again to fulfill the obligation according to everyone however one shouldn’t make a Bracha like S”A. (3) However, Bach (489 s.v. UMah SheKatav Katav Od Avi Ezri) argues on the Bet Yosef and says that according to everyone one isn’t Yotzei in such a case as the counting was simply wrong. This is also the opinion of the Levush, Pri Chadash and Mishna Brurah 489:32. (4) The third approach is that of the Maamer Mordechai 489:8 and Chok Yosef who explains S”A as where one corrected himself within Toch Kedi Dibbur. Maamar Mordechai in fact adds that one can correct himself with any time that he didn't start to deal with another thing than sefira, however, a time lapse isn't an interruption to his original bracha. Kaf Hachaim 489:77 subscribes to the opinion of the Maamer Mordechai and adds that this is also the opinion of the Shulchan Aruch Harav 489:21. (5) Another explanation of S”A is that of the Taz 489:9 who explains that the S”A was only dealing with someone who made the bracha with the wrong intent either in the beginning or in the end and then counted the day correctly and so one fulfilled his obligation according to the majority of Rishonim that Sefirah is Derabbanan.
  60. ↑ Mishna Brurah 489:32, Kaf Hachaim 489:78
  61. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 489:78
  62. ↑ Minchat Yisrael Sefirat Haomer p. 16 citing Halichot Shlomo Tefillah ch. 16 fnt. 45
  63. ↑ Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1 based on the Gemara Yevamot 62b which records the tragic story of Rabbi Akiva’s students’ deaths between Pesach and Shavuot. The practice became to accept certain aspects of mourning during this period. see Teshuvot Hagonim, Shaare Teshuva 278.
  64. ↑ Mishna Berura 493:14-15 writes that although all agree that we refrain for 33 days, there are different approaches for when. See sefer Bein Pesach L’Shavuot (pg. 223–240) who details 10 different minhagim.
  65. ↑ Bet Yosef 493:2 quotes Rav Yehoshua Ibn Shuib who cites a Midrash which says they died until פרוס עצרת, or 15 days before Shavuot. This leaves the first 34 days. Based on Miktzat HaYom KeKulo (a portion of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop mourning on the morning of the 34th. This is how he rules in Shulchan Aruch 493:2. Kaf Hachaim 493:12, Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov pg. 253, Yabia Omer 3:26, Yechave Daat 4:32) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 428) write that this is the prevalent Sephardic custom. see also Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Nohagin. This is explained clearly in Biur HaGra 493:6 s.v. Yesh Nohagim, and Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer.
  66. ↑ The source for this minhag is the Rama 493:2 who holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on the 33rd day of the Omer and by the principle of Miksat HaYom KeKulo (a minority of the day is considered like a whole day) one may stop mourning on the morning of the 33rd. This is the explanation of the Biur HaGra 493:9 s.v. UMarbim, and the practice of Ashkenazim as recorded by Halachically Speaking (Volume 3, Issue 8, page 3). This is explained clearly in Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh Nohagim and Rabbi Flug's article on Sefirat HaOmer. The Bach (d”h U’Mah), on the other hand, thinks that the Rama subscribes to the approach of Tosafot that Rabbi Akiva’s students died throughout the period between Pesach and Shavuot, excluding 16 days on which tachanun is omitted (the 7 days of Pesach, 6 Shabbatot, 2 days of Rosh Chodesh Iyar, and 1 day of Rosh Chodesh Sivan), leaving 33 days. Therefore, the Jews accepted to mourn for 33 days. The Maharil (Dinei Hayamim Bein Pesach LiShavuot 7) subscribes to this as well and it is mentioned by the Rama 493:3.
  67. ↑ Mishna Berura 493:11 writes that one should not get married on the night of the 33rd, because we require that he mourn part of the daytime to apply Miktzat Hayom Kekulo. Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe 1:159) however, is lenient for the night before. Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9 writes that the overwhelming custom is to be lenient.
  68. ↑ Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes Rav Yehoshua Ibn Shuib who records the approach of Tosafot that Rabbi Akiva’s students died throughout the period between Pesach and Shavuot, but only on the 33 days during the Sefira when we do say Tachanun, excluding the 7 days of Pesach, 7 Shabbatot, and 2 days of Rosh Chodesh Iyar. The Bach 4931 clarifies that really we include the one day of Rosh Chodesh Sivan and exclude one day of Pesach since the last 7 days of Pesach certainly already includes Shabbat. Therefore, there are 16 days when Rabbi Akiva's students didn't die. Therefore, the Jews accepted to mourn for 33 days. The Maharil (Dinei Hayamim Bein Pesach LiShavuot 7) subscribes to this as well and it is mentioned by the Rama 493:3.
    Magen Avraham 493:5 writes that some observe this practice by mourning from the day after Rosh Chodesh Iyar until Erev Shavuot excluding Lag BaOmer, while others observe this practice by mourning from the first day of Rosh Chodesh Iyar until 3 days before Shavuot.
    Based on this tradition, Shu"t Igrot Moshe 1:159 writes, there is a minhag to mourn for 33 non-consecutive days during the sefira.
  69. ↑ Mishna Brurah 489:5
  70. ↑ Magen Avraham 489:5, Mishna Brurah 493:15
  71. ↑ Rama 493:3, Magen Avraham 489:5
  72. ↑ Mishna Brurah 489:15 quoting the Siddur Derech Chaim
  73. ↑ Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:159 explains that the reason for this minhag is that it holds that the students of Rabbi Akiva died on all the days between Pesach and Shavuot except for the 16 days when one can not say Tachanun (7 days of Pesach, 6 Shabbatot, 3 days of Rosh Chodesh) and so the minhag forbids getting married and cutting hair the entire Sefira except for Rosh Chodesh Iyar and Sivan (and Pesach and Shabbat are already forbidden to get married).
  74. ↑ Arizal quoted by Shaarei Teshuva 493:8
  75. ↑ In analyzing the different practices, Rav Moshe Feinstein (OC 1:159) notes that those who observe 33 non-consecutive days are all of the same opinion but they choose different days to observe. Therefore, in theory, one may choose to observe a different set of 33 days from one year to the next. The reason why specific days are chosen for these various minhagim is because there must be uniformity within the same city. In New York, where the inhabitants originate from many different cities and all of the various minhagim are represented, the concern for the violation of lo titgodidu is mitigated and one may follow any of the minhagim. Therefore, one who has the tradition to observe 33 non-consecutive days, may switch from one minhag to another from year to year. Additionally, since the Bach thinks the Rama follows Tosafot, one can, in theory, switch to the minhag of counting the first 33 days. However, one should only do so under extenuating circumstances.
    For longer discussion regarding Rav Moshe's allowance to change your minhag, see Rabbi Avrohom Blumenkrantz zt”l’s annual Kovetz Hilchos Pesach (in his Chapter on Sefiras HaOmer, ex. 5766 / 2006, pg. 257), Kovetz L’Torah V’Hora’ah (Sefer Zikaron for Rav Moshe 5749, pg. 211; article by Rav Elimelech Bluth), Shu”t V’Debarta Bam (141 s.v. v’shamati; quoting Rav Dovid Feinstein), and Mesores Moshe (pg. 153, 319).
    see Rav Dovid Feinstein as quoted in Shu”t V’Debarta Bam (141 s.v. v’shamati), who says Rav Moshe’s intent with his allowance bishat hadchak gadol refers to an unavoidable situation such as chattan who was drafted to the army before Shavuot, that he can rely on ‘First Sefirah’ and get married after Lag B’Omer.
    see Rabbi Yehuda Spitz who discusses this at length
  76. ↑ Rabbi Shimon Eider’s Sefer Halachos of Pesach (vol. 2, Ch. 19, pg. 332) who quotes Rav Aharon Kotler as holding that one may not switch ‘Sefirahs’ unless in case of necessity and with Hatarat Nedarim.
  77. ↑ Rav Doniel Neustadt Daily Halacha Discussion page 219
  78. ↑ Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 428 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 493:1), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 253-254)and Yabia Omer 3:26. See Nisuin Kehilchatam 5:19 for lengthier discussion.
  79. ↑ Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 256), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 429), Rav Elyashiv (Piskei Shemuot pg. 59). However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 questions this, as following the customs of the husband would only apply after marriage.
  80. ↑ Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:159), Rav Soloveitchik (quoted in Nefesh Harav pg. 192), Rav Schachter (Minhagei Sefirah at ~20 minutes), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Simcha page 84 and Halichos Shlomo 11:19), Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 3:65:30), Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (Emet L’yaakov 493: note 465), Rav Shalom Messas (Shemesh U’Magen OC 68). Rav Moshe’s rationale is that once a marriage has taken place, it creates an obligation of simcha. For example, a couple who gets married at the end of Nisan is allowed to continue with sheva berachot festivities, which should have been forbidden for the other participants. Additionally, Shulchan Aruch writes that we don’t penalize those who violate the minhag, and there would be no greater penalty than having nobody to celebrate with.
    Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9 quotes Rav Belsky who points out that one who attends a wedding during the time he is observing the restrictions of sefira may only dance after the chattan and kallah come out because before they come out the dancing is not considered to be making them happy.
    However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 disagrees and feels that one may not attend a wedding during their Sefira.
    Rav Shmuel Vosner (Piskei Shemuot pg. 58) says that one should just go to wish a Mazel Tov but not participate.
  81. ↑ Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 2:95) writes that unless being unable to shave will prevent you from going, it is not permissible to shave. However, if he realized earlier that he would be attending a wedding, he could plan accordingly by changing his custom for just that year, as per the teshuva mentioned above (OC 1:159)
  82. ↑ Yalkut Yosef - Shavuot, page 573
  83. ↑ Mishna Brura 493:3
  84. ↑ Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 51:5), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #45), Hanisuin Kihilchatam pg. 122 and Halichot Shlomo Moadim 2:11:18
  85. ↑ Shulchan Aruch HaRav 493:1
  86. ↑ Shulchan HaLevi pg. 135
  87. ↑ *The Gemara Yevamot 62b records the tragic story of Rabbi Akiva’s student passing away between Pesach and Shavuot. The Tur 493:1 records the minhag not to take hair cuts during sefirat HaOmer in order to mourn the death of Rabbi Akiva’s students. The Tur writes that some would cut their hair from Lag BaOmer and on because there’s a tradition that the students of Rabbi Akiva stopped dying on Lag BaOmer. The Tashbetz 1:178, however, says that they died until 15 days before Shavuot (Pros HaAseret), which is the 34th of the Omer. S”A 493:2 follows the Tashbetz, while the Rama quotes some who follow the Tur and some who don’t take a hair cut from Rosh Chodesh Iyar until Shavuot.
    • Bet Yosef 493:3 quotes the Ri Ibn Shoiv who records another tradition that Rabbi Akiva’s students only died on the 33 days during the Sefira when there’s no Tachanun. According to this tradition, Beiur Halacha 493 s.v. Yesh the minhag developed to mourn 33 days during the sefira corresponding to the days they died. Kitzur S”A 120:6-7 writes that some mourn the last 33 days of sefira starting after Rosh Chodesh Iyar excluding Lag BaOmer and a variant minhag is to mourn from the first day of Rosh Chodesh Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala excluding Lag BaOmer.
    • S”A 493:2 writes that the minhag is to mourn from the beginning of the sefira until the morning of the 34th of the Omer. Kaf HaChaim 493:12 and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 253) agree that this is the common minhag among Sephardim. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 430) and Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #48) agree. Kaf HaChaim 493:12-3 adds that some follow the Arizal’s practice not to cut one’s hair the entire Sefira.
    • Although the Mishna Brurah 493:15 records the Ashkenazic minhag to mourn from the first day of Rosh Chodesh Iyar until the Shelosha Yemei Hagbala, Peninei Halacha (Hilchot Sefirat HaOmer) writes that nowadays the common Ashkenazic minhag is like the Rama to mourn from the beginning of the Omer until Lag BaOmer in the morning.
    • Mishna Brurah 493:6 explains S”A as saying that one may only cut one’s hair starting from the 34th in the morning because Miksat HaYom KeKulo only operates starting in the daytime. In 493:10 he writes that the same for the Rama regarding the 33rd. However, Mishna Brurah 493:11 quotes some achronim who argue that one may even cut one’s hair from the nighttime. Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Halichot Shlomo p 364, note 80) once permitted taking a hair cut on Lag BeOmer at night.
  88. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431-2)
  89. ↑ Sh"t Igrot Moshe YD 2:137. See Halachically Speaking article on Sefirah. See Nitei Gavriel (Pesach 49:11) who writes that the minhag not to cut one's hair during sefirah also applies to women.
  90. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Yom Tov pg 261)
  91. ↑ Sh"t Or Litzion 3:page 184
  92. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 432)
  93. ↑ Bein Pesach Lishavuot page 241 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Shmuel Wosner.
  94. ↑ Mishna Brurah 551:20
  95. ↑ Tur 493 says that some have the custom "lo lihistaper." Masekhet Semachot (7:11) in regards to mourning writes that lihistaper means to cutting the hair of one's head, mustache, beard, and all other hair. Nitei Gavriel (Pesach vol 3, 49:2) and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 262) write that including in the minhag not to take a hair cut is not to shave.
  96. ↑ Rav Soloveitchik (cited by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav pg 191-2) compared the Sefira to the 12 months of mourning in which a person who shaves daily may shave after waiting a few days. Rav Soloveitchik felt that this was the case because all customs have to be based on some opinion or patterned after another halacha. Therefore, he argues that the mourning of the Omer is parallel to the mourning during the year of mourning for a parent. Therefore since the halacha says that it is permissible to shave during the year once one's friends scold him to tell him that his hair is too long ("ad she-yig'aru bo chaveirav": Moed Katan 22b, Rambam Hilkhot Evel 6:3), it would be permissible during the omer also.
    • Rav Schachter (“Hilchos Chol HaMoed”, min 67-70) clarified that not shaving for 3 or 5 days is sufficient. Rabbi Willig (“Hilchos Pesach and Sefira#1”, min 85-90) also quotes Rav Soloveitchik. Rav Aharon Lictenstein vbm.org says that it is even an obligation to shave for kavod shabbat on Friday incorporating Rav Soloveitchik's approach.
  97. ↑ *The Bet Yosef 493:3 writes that those who cut their hair on Rosh Chodesh Iyar because they consider it a Yom Tov are mistaken because the minhag is not to cut their hair on Rosh Chodesh Iyar. He adds that they may have mistakenly thought it was permitted based on another minhag which would mourn another 33 days during the sefira. Similarly, Mishna Brurah 493:14 summarizes that according to those who don’t cut their hair the first 33 days of the Sefira, it would be contradictory to shave on Rosh Chodesh Iyar.
    • However, the Radvaz 2:687 permits cutting one’s hair on Rosh Chodesh Iyar if not cutting one’s hair causes one’s pain based on the halacha that one who is pain is exempt from the mitzvah of Sukkah. Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1, pg 55) clarifies that although the halacha of Sukkah is based on Teshvu Kein Taduro, the Radvaz means that it’s logical that one can be lenient if it’s bothersome since sefira is only a minhag. Chida in Yosef Ometz 40:2 and Kaf HaChaim 493:40 write that some rely on this Radvaz. Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) and Chazon Ovadyah (pg 262) writes that one should be careful not to shave during sefira and if it’s difficult not to shave, one may shave on Rosh Chodesh Iyar.
    • The Bach 493 quotes the Minhagim who says that it’s permitted to get married on Rosh Chodesh Iyar if it falls out on Shabbat and explains that it’s based on the fact that there’s a combination of the kedusha of rosh chodesh and kedusha of Shabbat to override mourning of Sefira. Pri Megadim (E”A 493:2) clarifies that the Bach means getting married on Friday because it’s forbidden to get married on Shabbat. Regarding this Bach, the Pri Chadash 493:3 writes that the same is true for haircuts. Thus, Mishna Brurah 493:5 writes that if Rosh Chodesh Iyar falls out on Shabbat one may cut one’s hair on Friday. Kitzur S”A 120:6 and S”A HaRav 493:8 agree. It seems clear from the above achronim that Rosh Chodesh alone isn’t sufficient to permit cutting one’s hair.
  98. ↑ Mishna Brurah 493:12, matzav.com
  99. ↑ Kaf Hachaim 493:12
  100. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 493:12. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 431) cites the Yosef Ometz 40:2 who says that one can rely upon the Radvaz to shave on Rosh Chodesh Iyar or beforehand to be strict for Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid's will who advised not shaving on Rosh Chodesh itself. Yalkut Yosef applies it to a case of Rosh Chodesh on Sunday for the honor of Shabbat and Rosh Chodesh.
  101. ↑ *Rav Shlomo Zalman (cited by Shalmei Moed pg 449-450) and Rav Yacov Kamenetsky (Emet L’Yaakov 493 note 467) hold that one may not shave during the sefira for Kavod Shabbat. (It seems evident from the Mishna Brurah 493:5 that one may not cut one’s hair because of Kavod Shabbat alone.)
    • However, Rav Lichtenstein (vbm.org) ruled that not only is it permitted but an obligation to shave for kavod Shabbat during sefira just like Kavod Shabbat theoretically overrides the nine days (see Mishna Brurah 551:32).
    • Similarly, Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Yom Tov pg 262) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 431) writes that if there is a great need one may shave every Friday. Kaf Hachaim 493:17 and Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 49:7) write that if one gets headaches from not shaving one may shave every Friday.
  102. ↑ Rabbi Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halacha "Yom HaAtzmaut") writes that those who shave regularly should shave prior to Yom HaAtzmaut in order to look presentable for the holiday. However, someone who looks fine is only allowed to take a haircut only Yom Haatzmaut itself and not beforehand. He also quotes Rav Yitzchak Nissim and Rav Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook who agreed. Shana Beshana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank as agreeing. Shana B’shana (5752, p. 145) quotes Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank as agreeing. Rav Shaul Yisraeli in Mareh HaBezek 4:54 permits shaving from after midday prior to Yom HaAtzmaut even for those living outside Israel. However, Yaskil Avdi 6:10 and Rav Soloveitchik (quoted by Rav Schachter in Nefesh HaRav p. 94) argue.
  103. ↑ *Rav Moshe in Igrot Moshe 4:102 rules that if one will lose money by not shaving, one may shave during sefira, because the minhag never applied in a case of monetary loss. In 5:24(9), he explains his position and says that only a person who is concerned about losing his income for the duration of the sefira is permitted to shave. If, however, he can simply borrow money and then repay it with later income, this leniency wouldn’t apply. See Maadanei Shlomo (p. 54) who quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman as also being lenient.
    • Similarly, Sh”t Zera Emet 69 writes that for parnasa it is permitted, but each case should be judged independently. Chida in Machzik Bracha 493:4, Kaf Hachaim 493:19, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi 6:5, and Nitei Gavriel (49:8) agree.
    • However, Piskei Shemuot (p. 62) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that nowadays it is forbidden to shave for parnasa because it’s not considered strange to go unshaven.
  104. ↑ Halachically Speaking quoting Rav Belsky, Piskei Shmuos (pg 62-63) quoting Rav Elyashiv
  105. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 531:13 permits trimming one's mustache during the shevua shechal bo and nine days if it is interfering with one's eating. Piskei Teshuvot 493:7 writes that the same should apply to sefirat haomer. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 and Rav Avraham Yosef agree.
  106. ↑ Biur Halacha 493:2 writes that anyone who can shave on chol hamoed can also do so during sefira. Since Shulchan Aruch 531:8 permits trimming a mustache on chol hamoed even if it isn't interfering with eating it would follow that the same is true of sefira. Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 3 p. 280 leaves this unresolved. The same equation is made by Yalkut Avrech 5754 p. 200 and here and conclude to be lenient. din.org.il and Rabbi Meir Mazuz only permit if it is interfering with eating.
  107. ↑ Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #54), Kaf Hachayim 493:16, Chazon Ovadia Hilchot Yom Tov page 261, Sh"t Rivivot Ephrayim 4:126:5
  108. ↑ Mishna Brurah 493:2. The minhag not to is quoted in the Eliyahu Zuta 493:1 quoting Rabbeinu Yerucham and Leket Yosher page 97 quoting the Terumat Hadeshen.
  109. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 433).
  110. ↑ The Mishna Berura (493:2) writes that it is permissible to recite the bracha of shehechiyanu during sefira.Thus, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Mesoras Moshe, p. 156), Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky (Emes L’Yaakov O.C. 493), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichos Shlomo, Sefiras Haomer 11:53, Shalmei Moed pg. 441 and Aleihu Lo Yibol 286), and Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (Ashrei HaIsh, Moadim 65:12) rule that it is completely permissible to buy new clothing if it is not your minhag not to. See Taamei Haminhagim page 251.
  111. ↑ Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #55)
  112. ↑ Yechave Daat 1:24.
  113. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 493:3
  114. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434), Rav Elyashiv quoted in Mivakshei Torah 19
  115. ↑ Yachava Daat 3:30, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434). Rav Ovadia reasons that since one may recite shehechiyanu during the omer one could move into a new house during the omer and it isn't similar to the three weeks.
  116. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 493: note 6 quoting the Satmar Rebbe, Mevakshei Torah 19 quoting Rav Elyashiv, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who quote this minhag.
  117. ↑ Yechave Daat 3:30, Tzitz Eliezer 11:41. Piskei Teshuvot 493:1 quotes several poskim who cite this minhag as well.
  118. ↑ Iggerot Moshe OC 1:166, YD 2:137, Minhag Yisrael Torah 493:8, Aruch Hashulchan 493:2, Yechave Daat 3:30 based on a Magen Avraham 493:1 that prohibits dancing during sefira because the two come together. Mishneh Halachot 8:118, Yachava Daat 6:34, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Maamar Mordechai 20:40), and Hilchot Chag BeChag (p. 67) agree that during sefirat ha’omer, it is forbidden to listen to musical instruments. Kapei Aharon 52 contends that although listening to music certainly is forbidden during sefirat ha’omer, the three weeks, and the 12 months of mourning for a parent, it was never mentioned by Shulchan Aruch or the commentaries because it is forbidden to listen to music all year round. Minchat Yitzchak 1:111 adds that even if there is no proof for this ruling, the minhag is to be strict.
    • Rav Mordechai Willig quoted by Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz says that music is not necessarily forbidden, the prohibition was only placed on things that lead to excessive joy, which music doesn't necessarily accomplish. Similarly, Rabbi Jachter (Gray Matter vol 3 p. 5) quotes Rav Aharon Lichtenstein, who in turn cited Rav Soloveitchik as saying that music wasn’t prohibited at all during sefirat ha’omer or the three weeks, but most poskim do not accept this position.
  119. ↑ Az Nidberu 8:58, Iggerot Moshe OC 1:166, Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:34, Tzitz Eliezer 15:33, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 434, Maamar Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu Sefirat Haomer #40. Chelkat Yaakov 1:62 argues that a device which didn't exist at the time of the decree cannot be included. In his article at [1] Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz says that this argument can only be made for music in general, but during sefira this would not apply because there was never a formal ban placed on music specifically during sefira. See http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Listening_to_Music for the discussion about music during the year.
  120. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 434), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #40),
  121. ↑ * see matzav.com that Rav Yisrael Belsky (see also Shulchan Halevi 13:6 of Rav Belsky) and Rav Shlomo Miller differentiate between different types of a cappella, only permitting choirs which simply sound like a group of people singing and nothing more. Rav Binyamin Zilber in Az Nidberu 8:58 discussing music during the year says that a recorded voice is considered like an instrument.
    • Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 2:57 and 8:128, however, considers recorded vocal music like a musical instrument, which he says is forbidden all year round. Additionally, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 15:33 writes that even though he considers recorded vocal music like vocal music, it is forbidden during the three weeks and sefirat ha’omer based on the minhag not to dance. Nitei Gavriel 15:1 agrees.
  122. ↑ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz quotes Sefer Eleh Heim Moadai quoting Rav Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg and Rav Eliyahu Schlesinger.
  123. ↑ Hilchot Chag B’chag p.63, Halichot Shlomo, Moadim 2:11:14.
  124. ↑ Iggerot Moshe OC 3:87.
  125. ↑ Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov page 258
  126. ↑ Piskei Halacha of Rav Yisrael Belsky pg. 106
  127. ↑ Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 333
  128. ↑ Rav Elyashiv (Piskei Shemuot p. 48-49)
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