Netilat Yadayim upon Waking Up: Difference between revisions
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Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit to clean the hands before praying, purify them of any hint of death that comes from sleeping, and prepare ourselves for holiness the way the Kohanim did in the Beit HaMikdash. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit to clean the hands before praying, purify them of any hint of death that comes from sleeping, and prepare ourselves for holiness the way the Kohanim did in the Beit HaMikdash. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | ||
==Reasons for Washing One's Hands== | ==Reasons for Washing One's Hands== | ||
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#Before pouring the water, the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 4:10, Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> | #Before pouring the water, the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 4:10, Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> | ||
#Even a lefty should begin by washing his right hand first.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22, Mishna Brurah 4:22 explains that the lefty should also follow the practice of a righty since it is reflective of how the middah of Chesed should increase.</ref> | #Even a lefty should begin by washing his right hand first.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22, Mishna Brurah 4:22 explains that the lefty should also follow the practice of a righty since it is reflective of how the middah of Chesed should increase.</ref> | ||
#One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 4:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4. See Biur Halacha 338:8 s.v. assur how it is still considered usable.</ref> | # The water must enter in between the fingers, at least a little bit, otherwise it does not fulfill the requirement. <ref> Halichot Olam, Volume 1, Page 324. Hacham Ovadia Yosef writes that the beracha is considered levatala in a case where water does not enter in between fingers even slightly. </ref> | ||
# One who is obligated in netilat yadayim may receive assistance from one who is not obligated in netilat yadayim and still fulfill the obligation. <ref> Yalkut Yosef, page 48. S"A 159:13 says that even a monkey can help one fulfill the obligation of netilat yadayim. </ref> | |||
#One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 4:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4. See Biur Halacha 338:8 s.v. assur how it is still considered usable. Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or Letzion 2:1:6) argues that nowadays we usually pour more than a reviit each time, so there is no ruach raah and one may recite berachot and learn Torah by the water.</ref> | |||
#One should wash one's hands with a bracha in the middle even if one only slept after Chatzot.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Toldot no. 16)</ref> | #One should wash one's hands with a bracha in the middle even if one only slept after Chatzot.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Toldot no. 16)</ref> | ||
# As a rabbinic mitzvah one should intention for the mitzvah of netilat yadayim when washing one's hands.<ref>Pri Megadim M"Z 4:15 writes that according to those who hold that there's no need for intention for rabbinic mitzvot then netilat yadayim doesn't need intention. According to those who hold that there is a need generally, potentially netilat yadayim shouldn't require intention since it is similar to tevilah which doesn't require intention (according to most, see S"A YD 198:48). However, the Pri Megadim distinguishes and says that only for optional mitzvot such as tevilah and shechita don't require kavana but netilat yadayim in the morning is an obligatory mitzvah and as such requires kavana. (This distinction of the Pri Megadim is highlighted by the Ramban Chullin 31b s.v. vha who says that mitzvot tzerichot kavana is for any obligatory mitzvah but not for a matir.) Yet, the Veyashev Hayam 1:2 (Rav Yakov Moshe Hillel) argues that it doesn't require kavana since it is less severe than tevilah and even tevilah doesn't require intention. This is relevant to the practice of the Chaye Adam (cited by Biur Halacha 4:1) to wash twice, once before going to the bathroom and once afterwards.</ref> | # As a rabbinic mitzvah one should intention for the mitzvah of netilat yadayim when washing one's hands.<ref>Pri Megadim M"Z 4:15 writes that according to those who hold that there's no need for intention for rabbinic mitzvot then netilat yadayim doesn't need intention. According to those who hold that there is a need generally, potentially netilat yadayim shouldn't require intention since it is similar to tevilah which doesn't require intention (according to most, see S"A YD 198:48). However, the Pri Megadim distinguishes and says that only for optional mitzvot such as tevilah and shechita don't require kavana but netilat yadayim in the morning is an obligatory mitzvah and as such requires kavana. (This distinction of the Pri Megadim is highlighted by the Ramban Chullin 31b s.v. vha who says that mitzvot tzerichot kavana is for any obligatory mitzvah but not for a matir.) Yet, the Veyashev Hayam 1:2 (Rav Yakov Moshe Hillel) argues that it doesn't require kavana since it is less severe than tevilah and even tevilah doesn't require intention. This is relevant to the practice of the Chaye Adam (cited by Biur Halacha 4:1) to wash twice, once before going to the bathroom and once afterwards.</ref> | ||
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==Netilat Yadayim in the Bathroom== | ==Netilat Yadayim in the Bathroom== | ||
#One shouldn't wash Netilat Yadayim in a bathroom unless there is no other option such as on an airplane.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 3:1, [Rabbi Mansour www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2517], Mayan Omer v. 1 p. 25</ref> | #One shouldn't wash Netilat Yadayim in a bathroom unless there is no other option such as on an airplane.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 3:1, [Rabbi Mansour www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2517], Mayan Omer v. 1 p. 25. Yabia Omer 4:5 permits netilat yadayim in a bathroom in the case of sha'at hadhak. </ref> | ||
# One may do netilat yadayim in a room which has a bath and no toilet. <ref> Yabia Omer 7:27 explains that this is because these rooms are generally kept clean and used for storing items. </ref> | |||
==When Should One Wash One's Hands?== | ==When Should One Wash One's Hands?== | ||
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==What Is Permissible before Washing Hands?== | ==What Is Permissible before Washing Hands?== | ||
