Milk and Meat: Difference between revisions

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== The Biblical Prohibition ==
== The Biblical Prohibition ==
* Please take note that we are only speaking in terms of the Torah prohibition here. There are many cases where it is rabbinically forbidden to have meat and milk even though there is no Biblical prohibition. For example it is Rabbinically forbidden to eat milk and meat together if they were not cooked together and to cook milk with meat without using fire and water (e.g. roasting).<ref> S"A Y"D 87:2 (needs to be checked) </ref>
# The Torah states three times "לֹא-תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ-You shall not cook a kid (baby goat) in its mother's milk" (Exod. 23:19; 34:26; Deut. 14:21). Our Sages learn that the repitition teachs us the prohibitions of cooking, eating, and have any type of (monetary included) benefit of milk cooked with meat (or vice versa).<ref> S"A Y"D 87:1. Maimonides in Ma'akhalot 'Asorot 9:2 explains that when the Torah only mentions the prohibition of ''cooking'' milk and meat together it means to say that in addition to not eating or having benefit from it, cooking is ''also'' prohibited. Rendering it unnecessary to mention the consumption of and the benefit from milk and meat. Similar to how the verse only prohibits one to have relations with his daughter's daughter, but makes no mention of not having relations with one's own daughter; the latter, unmentioned portion, is taken as a given. </ref>
# Our Sages teach us that the language of "לא תבשל"-"You shall not cook" implies that the ''Biblical'' prohibitions only apply if the meat and milk are cooked together. There is discussion whether frying meat and milk together is included in the biblical prohibition. <ref>Chullin 108a, S"A YD 87:1. Sefer Kashrut HaShulchan (Baser BeChalev 6:1) writes that there is a dispute between the Pri Chadash and the Machaneh Yehuda whether frying milk and meat is included in the biblical prohibition or is only rabbinically prohibited. He concludes by quoting the Ben Ish Chai Bahalotcha who rules like the Pri Chadash that it is biblically forbidden. </ref>
# The Torah only refers to a "גדי"; however, our Sages have taught us that a "kid" refers to all kosher domesticated animals (e.g. sheep, cows). We were also taught that all types of milk are prohibited to cook with, not only the milk of the mother. Rather, the reason why the Torah was so specific is because it was speaking in the present (i.e. that the verse spoke in terms which are similar to the way the world functioned at the time).<ref>S"A Y"D 87:2. Maimonides in Guide to the Perplexed 3:48 even suggests that the practice of cooking a kid in its mother's milk may have been an idolatrous one.</ref>


==Sink for meat and milk==
# If one is cleaning meat dishes in the same sink in which one cleaned milk dishes if there's still some dairy remnant in the sink it's forbidden to pour hot water there because at the time one pours the water the meat and milk are halachically cooked together even though one has no intention of using those remnants. <ref>Sefer Kashrut HaShulchan (Baser BeChalav 6:3) quoting Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:3 </ref>


 
==Microwave for meat and milk==
'''Nature of the Prohibition'''
# If one uses a microwave for meat and for dairy (at different times), some authorities hold that one should preferably double wrap all foods<ref> [http://www.oukosher.org/index.php/common/article/is_your_oven_kosher_what_every_kosher_cook_must_know/ The OU] quotes Rav Yisrael Belsky who says that preferably one should double wrap food put in a microwave if it's used for meat and dairy (at different times). </ref>, however, some authorities hold that covering it well with one covering is sufficient. Some also advise using different trays one should dairy and one for meat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Isser Veheter, vol 3, pg 167) rules that if the microwave works only on radiation (without a heater) one should make sure to cover all food very well and then it would be permissible to use it for meat and dairy one after another. This is also the opinion of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=8/9/2004 Rabbi Mansour] at Dailyhalach.com [http://www.bknw.org/pafiledb/uploads/Kashrus%20of%20a%20Microwave%20-%20new.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] writes that one covering should suffice to inhibit the splattering of food and steam from being released, however, he adds that it is advisable to use separate plates for dairy than for meat. </ref>
 
The Torah states three times "לֹא-תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ-You shall not cook a kid (baby goat) in its mother's milk" (Exod. 23:19; 34:26; Deut. 14:21). Our Sages learn that the repitition teachs us the prohibitions of cooking, eating, and have any type of (monetary included) benefit <ref>
Maimonides in Ma'akhalot 'Asorot 9:2 explains that when the Torah only mentions the prohibition of ''cooking'' milk and meat together it means to say that in addition to not eating or having benefit from it, cooking is ''also'' prohibited. Rendering it unnecessary to mention the consumption of and the benefit from milk and meat. Similar to how the verse only prohibits one to have relations with his daughter's daughter, but makes no mention of not having relations with one's own daughter; the latter, unmentioned portion, is taken as a given. </ref> of milk cooked with meat (or vice versa).<ref>
S"A Y"D 87:1 </ref>
 
 
'''"Derekh Bishul"'''
 
Our Sages teach us that the language of "לֹא-'''תְבַשֵּׁל'''-You shall not '''cook'''" implies that the ''Biblical''
 
The above concept is referred to in the Talmudic phrase: "''Derekh Bishul Asera Torah''-The Torah only forbade [milk and meat in] a cooking manner". Included in the law of "''derekh bishul''" is the qualification that only cooking with fire (similar to the prohibtion of cooking on Shabbat) is considered "cooking" from the Torah's point of view. <ref> Hullin 108A </ref>  prohibition only applies to milk and meat '''cooked''' together.<ref> Ibid </ref> For example: If a piece of meat was soaking in milk for 24 hours; it would not be Biblically prohibited (even though soaking or pickling something for 24 hours is generally considered cooking Halakhically <ref> ''Requires source'' </ref>).
 
Please take note that we are only speaking in terms of the Torah prohibition here. It is Rabbinically forbidden to eat milk and meat together if they were not cooked together <ref> S"A, ibid </ref>, and to cook milk with meat without using fire and water (e.g. roasting).
 
 
'''Ambuguity of the Torah'''
 
The Torah only refers to a "גדי"; however, our Sages have taught us that a "kid" refers to all kosher domesticated animals (e.g. sheep, cows). We were also taught that all types of milk are prohibited to cook with, not only the milk of the mother. Rather, the reason why the Torah was so specific is because it was speaking in the present <ref>
Maimonides in Guide to the Perplexed 3:48 even suggests that the practice of cooking a kid in its mother's milk may have been an idolatrous one.</ref>  (i.e. that the verse spoke in terms which are similar to the way the world functioned at the time).<ref>
S"A Y"D 87:2 </ref>
 
 
== Contemporary Issues ==
 
If one uses a microwave for meat and for dairy (at different times), some authorities hold that one should preferably double wrap all foods<ref> [http://www.oukosher.org/index.php/common/article/is_your_oven_kosher_what_every_kosher_cook_must_know/ The OU] quotes Rav Yisrael Belsky who says that preferably one should double wrap food put in a microwave if it's used for meat and dairy (at different times). </ref>, however, some authorities hold that covering it well with one covering is sufficient. Some also advise using different trays one should dairy and one for meat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Isser Veheter, vol 3, pg 167) rules that if the microwave works only on radiation (without a heater) one should make sure to cover all food very well and then it would be permissible to use it for meat and dairy one after another. This is also the opinion of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=8/9/2004 Rabbi Mansour] at Dailyhalach.com [http://www.bknw.org/pafiledb/uploads/Kashrus%20of%20a%20Microwave%20-%20new.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] writes that one covering should suffice to inhibit the splattering of food and steam from being released, however, he adds that it is advisable to use separate plates for dairy than for meat. </ref>


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 04:10, 10 October 2011

The Biblical Prohibition

  • Please take note that we are only speaking in terms of the Torah prohibition here. There are many cases where it is rabbinically forbidden to have meat and milk even though there is no Biblical prohibition. For example it is Rabbinically forbidden to eat milk and meat together if they were not cooked together and to cook milk with meat without using fire and water (e.g. roasting).[1]
  1. The Torah states three times "לֹא-תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ-You shall not cook a kid (baby goat) in its mother's milk" (Exod. 23:19; 34:26; Deut. 14:21). Our Sages learn that the repitition teachs us the prohibitions of cooking, eating, and have any type of (monetary included) benefit of milk cooked with meat (or vice versa).[2]
  2. Our Sages teach us that the language of "לא תבשל"-"You shall not cook" implies that the Biblical prohibitions only apply if the meat and milk are cooked together. There is discussion whether frying meat and milk together is included in the biblical prohibition. [3]
  3. The Torah only refers to a "גדי"; however, our Sages have taught us that a "kid" refers to all kosher domesticated animals (e.g. sheep, cows). We were also taught that all types of milk are prohibited to cook with, not only the milk of the mother. Rather, the reason why the Torah was so specific is because it was speaking in the present (i.e. that the verse spoke in terms which are similar to the way the world functioned at the time).[4]

Sink for meat and milk

  1. If one is cleaning meat dishes in the same sink in which one cleaned milk dishes if there's still some dairy remnant in the sink it's forbidden to pour hot water there because at the time one pours the water the meat and milk are halachically cooked together even though one has no intention of using those remnants. [5]

Microwave for meat and milk

  1. If one uses a microwave for meat and for dairy (at different times), some authorities hold that one should preferably double wrap all foods[6], however, some authorities hold that covering it well with one covering is sufficient. Some also advise using different trays one should dairy and one for meat. [7]

References

  1. ↑ S"A Y"D 87:2 (needs to be checked)
  2. ↑ S"A Y"D 87:1. Maimonides in Ma'akhalot 'Asorot 9:2 explains that when the Torah only mentions the prohibition of cooking milk and meat together it means to say that in addition to not eating or having benefit from it, cooking is also prohibited. Rendering it unnecessary to mention the consumption of and the benefit from milk and meat. Similar to how the verse only prohibits one to have relations with his daughter's daughter, but makes no mention of not having relations with one's own daughter; the latter, unmentioned portion, is taken as a given.
  3. ↑ Chullin 108a, S"A YD 87:1. Sefer Kashrut HaShulchan (Baser BeChalev 6:1) writes that there is a dispute between the Pri Chadash and the Machaneh Yehuda whether frying milk and meat is included in the biblical prohibition or is only rabbinically prohibited. He concludes by quoting the Ben Ish Chai Bahalotcha who rules like the Pri Chadash that it is biblically forbidden.
  4. ↑ S"A Y"D 87:2. Maimonides in Guide to the Perplexed 3:48 even suggests that the practice of cooking a kid in its mother's milk may have been an idolatrous one.
  5. ↑ Sefer Kashrut HaShulchan (Baser BeChalav 6:3) quoting Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:3
  6. ↑ The OU quotes Rav Yisrael Belsky who says that preferably one should double wrap food put in a microwave if it's used for meat and dairy (at different times).
  7. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Isser Veheter, vol 3, pg 167) rules that if the microwave works only on radiation (without a heater) one should make sure to cover all food very well and then it would be permissible to use it for meat and dairy one after another. This is also the opinion of Rabbi Mansour at Dailyhalach.com Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz writes that one covering should suffice to inhibit the splattering of food and steam from being released, however, he adds that it is advisable to use separate plates for dairy than for meat.
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