The Four Cups of Wine and Shabbat HaGadol: Difference between pages

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There is a Rabbinic mitzvah to drink four cups of wine at [[the Seder]]. <ref> Chazon Ovadia ([[pesach]] page 1). However, Rav Shlomo Kluger in Sh"t Kinat Sofrim 95 holds that the obligation of the four cups of wine is from the Torah. </ref>
==Why is it called Shabbat HaGadol?==


==What type of wine==
#Some explain that it's called [[Shabbat]] HaGadol because that was the [[Shabbat]] when a miracle occurred for the Jews in Egypt that the Egyptians didn't say anything when the Jews took sheep, which was the Egyptian god, in order to slaughter them for [[Pesach]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 430:1, Mishna Brurah 430:1 </ref>
# It's preferable to use red wine. <ref> S"A 472:11. Mishna Brurah 472:38 says that this is in commemoration of the Jewish blood that was spilled in Mitzrayim. </ref> If there's white wine that's better than the red wine, Ashenazim say that one should have the white wine, while Sephardic practice is to have red wine anyway. <Ref> Rama 472:11 writes that if the white wine is better one can have that instead of the red wine. Kitzur S"A 118:1 concurs. Kitzur S"A 118:1 adds that in countries where there is a fear of a blood libel, the minhag is not to use red wine. However, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 11) writes that the Sephardic custom is to use red wine anyway. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (cited by Mikrei Kodehs (4:15, n. 52) says that the "tirosh" grape juice in [[Israel]] that has a yellowish color is considered in this regard red wine.</ref>
#As Am Yisrael left Mitzrayim on the 15th of Nissan (Thursday),<ref name=":0">Shabbat 87b</ref> the previous Shabbat would have been the 10th of Nissan, the same day Moshe asks K'lal Yisrael that "''they shall take every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for a house''." <ref>[https://www.aish.com/tp/i/moha/48942426.html#4 Aish.com] citing Shemot 12:3</ref> Tosfot <ref name=":0" /> explains that this action interested and angered the Egyptians, and so the firstborn pleaded to Pharaoh to free Am Yisrael, but he refused. And so, as a result, the firstborn attacked their fathers. The greatness is derived from the damage Hashem did to Egyptian society in this sense.<ref>[https://www.aish.com/tp/i/moha/48942426.html#5 Aish.com] citing Midrash Tehilim 136:6 and Ancient Tanchuma Bo 18</ref>
# If one hates wine or if it gives him a headache (but not if it's going to make him sick in bed), nonetheless, he should try to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah of [[the four cups of wine]]. <ref> S"A 472:10 says that even if one hates wine or it is harmful to his health one should push himself to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah. Mishna Brurah 472:35 explains that one only has to have it if it gives one a headache but not if makes one sick in bed. </ref>
#See Sfat Emet Shabbat HaGadol for more.
# Many authorities say that one may not use grape juice for [[the Seder]], however, if one hates wine or will become ill, then there's is what to rely on to have grape juice. <ref> Mikrei Kodesh 2:35 (pg 130), Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah (in the note on pg 99-100), Halachos of [[Pesach]] (chapter 20, Sec B 5, pg 222) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein rule that one doesn't fulfill חירות- having wine as a free man by having grape juice. However, Halachos of [[Pesach]] concludes that if one is unable to have wine one should have grape juice. Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:243 writes that the Chazon Ish, Brisker Rav, and other Gedolim used grape juice at the end of their lives when they were unable to drink wine. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and the Chazon Ish held that one could use grape juice (Haggadah of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach).</ref> Others, however, permit having grape juice and adds that lechatchila women and children can use grape juice. <ref> Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 10:87, Nefesh HaRav (p. 185) in name of Rav Soloveitchik </ref>
# It wasn't established on the date of the 10th because it was the date of Miriam's death and we don't want to establish a holiday for that day.<ref>Magen Avraham 430:1</ref>


==Making Brachat HaGafen==
==Haftarah==
# The Ashkenazi minhag is to make HaGen on each cup of wine and a [[Bracha Achrona]] only on the last one. <Ref>Rama 474:1 </ref>
# The Sephardi minhag is to make HaGen on the first and third cup of wine and a [[Bracha Achrona]] only on the last one. <Ref>S”A 474:1 </ref>
# There’s no [[Bracha Achrona]] on the first cup even if one knows that one will take longer than Shuir Ikul in explaining the Haggadah. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo 9:24 </ref>


==Drinking at other times in the seder==
#There are a number of Minhagim about which Haftara to read when Erev Pesach is on Shabbat HaGadol, and each community should follow its own custom.<ref>Yechave Daat 1:3</ref>
# One may drink wine in between the first, second, and third cups of wine but not between the third and fourth cups. <ref> The Mishna (Pesachim 117b) states that it is permitted to drink wine between the 4 cups of wine, except between the third and fourth cups. The Rashbam (108a s.v. Bein Shelishi) explains that one may drink wine between the first, second, and third cups because it serves as an appetizer for the [[Matzah]]. However, after [[Birkat HaMazon]], when there’s no more need to eat [[Matzah]], drinking an extra cup appears as though one is adding on to the established 4 cups of wine. See Reshimot [[Shiurim]] ([[Sukkah]] p. 139) for an explanation of why it only appears as adding but does not violate Bal Tosif.
* The Yerushalmi (Pesachim 10:6), however, explains that one should not drink between the third and fourth cups so as not to get drunk, which would prevent a person from saying [[Hallel]]. Drinking between the earlier cups is not an issue because during a meal, wine is not as intoxicating.
* Rambam (Chametz U'[[Matza]] 7:10), Tur, and S”A 473:3 and 479:1 codify the Mishna. Mishna Brurah 479:5 writes that based on the Yerushalmi, one also may not drink any intoxicating drink, and as a stringency according to the Rashbam, one may not drink Chamar Medina (which is valid for the 4 cups). </ref>
# Even though one is permitted to drink between the first and second cup, one should be strict not to wine too much wine so as not to get drunk (and not be able to say the whole Haggadah). <ref> S”A 473:3 writes that even though it’s permitted to drink but one should be careful not to drink too much wine so as not to become intoxicated and become unable to finish the Haggaddah. Darkei Moshe and Mishna Brurah 473:14 write that such is our minhag. </ref>
# According to Ashkenazim, in order to be permitted to drink between the first and second cup one must have had in mind to drink anything that comes later or that the wine was in front of them when he made the bracha (as long one didn’t have in mind not to cover that drink) because in this case no new bracha is needed on the wine between the first and second cup. <ref> Mishna Brurah 473:13 writes that according to Ashkenazim that make a bracha on each cup of wine and making a bracha on wine unnecessarily is forbidden because it looks like one is adding to the established number of cups of the night. Therefore, if the wine was on the table as one made the bracha or one had intention to cover anything that comes later, it’s permitted to drink the cups. </ref>
# It’s totally permissible to drinks other than wine or intoxicating beverages between the first and second cup. <ref> Mishna Brurah 473:16 </ref>
# It’s permissible to drink between the second and third cup. <ref> Mishna Brurah 473:12 </ref>


==If four cups are drunk all at once==
==Drasha of the Rabbi==
# If all four cups are drunk at once and not dispersed throughout [[the Seder]] in their proper place one doesn't fulfill his obligation. <ref> S"A 472:8 </ref>


==Amount to Drink==
#The minhag is for the Rabbi of the community to give a Drasha on [[Shabbat]] HaGadol on Hilchot [[Pesach]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 429:2, Chazon Ovadia page 32 </ref> However, if [[Shabbat]] HaGadol falls out on [[Erev Pesach]], the Drasha should take place a week earlier. <ref>Mishna Brurah 430:1, Chazon Ovadia page 32 </ref>
# See the [[Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder]] page.  
#If the Rabbi who usually gives the Drasha on [[Shabbat]] HaGadol is in [[mourning]] and there’s no other Rabbi to make a Drasha, it’s permissible to give the Drasha. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 2:7) </ref>
 
==Greetings on Shabbat Hagadol==
 
#The minhag is to greet one another saying "[[Shabbat]] Hagadol Mevorach" on Shabat Hagadol. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 29 </ref>
 
==Reading the Haggadah in advance==
 
#On [[Shabbat]] HaGadol, the minhag is to read the Haggadah from Avadim Hayinu until LeChaper Al Avonotanu. <ref>Rama 430:1 based on Ravyah 225 writes that the minhag is to read the Haggadah from Avadim Hayinu until LeChaper Al Avonotanu on [[Shabbat]] HaGadol. This is quoted by Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 107:3. However, Beiur Halacha s.v. BeMincha quotes the Gra (Maaseh Rav #173) who didn't have the minhag to read the Hagadah on [[Shabbat]]. </ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Shabbat]]

Revision as of 19:14, 14 September 2020

Why is it called Shabbat HaGadol?

  1. Some explain that it's called Shabbat HaGadol because that was the Shabbat when a miracle occurred for the Jews in Egypt that the Egyptians didn't say anything when the Jews took sheep, which was the Egyptian god, in order to slaughter them for Pesach.[1]
  2. As Am Yisrael left Mitzrayim on the 15th of Nissan (Thursday),[2] the previous Shabbat would have been the 10th of Nissan, the same day Moshe asks K'lal Yisrael that "they shall take every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for a house." [3] Tosfot [2] explains that this action interested and angered the Egyptians, and so the firstborn pleaded to Pharaoh to free Am Yisrael, but he refused. And so, as a result, the firstborn attacked their fathers. The greatness is derived from the damage Hashem did to Egyptian society in this sense.[4]
  3. See Sfat Emet Shabbat HaGadol for more.
  4. It wasn't established on the date of the 10th because it was the date of Miriam's death and we don't want to establish a holiday for that day.[5]

Haftarah

  1. There are a number of Minhagim about which Haftara to read when Erev Pesach is on Shabbat HaGadol, and each community should follow its own custom.[6]

Drasha of the Rabbi

  1. The minhag is for the Rabbi of the community to give a Drasha on Shabbat HaGadol on Hilchot Pesach. [7] However, if Shabbat HaGadol falls out on Erev Pesach, the Drasha should take place a week earlier. [8]
  2. If the Rabbi who usually gives the Drasha on Shabbat HaGadol is in mourning and there’s no other Rabbi to make a Drasha, it’s permissible to give the Drasha. [9]

Greetings on Shabbat Hagadol

  1. The minhag is to greet one another saying "Shabbat Hagadol Mevorach" on Shabat Hagadol. [10]

Reading the Haggadah in advance

  1. On Shabbat HaGadol, the minhag is to read the Haggadah from Avadim Hayinu until LeChaper Al Avonotanu. [11]

Sources

  1. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 430:1, Mishna Brurah 430:1
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shabbat 87b
  3. ↑ Aish.com citing Shemot 12:3
  4. ↑ Aish.com citing Midrash Tehilim 136:6 and Ancient Tanchuma Bo 18
  5. ↑ Magen Avraham 430:1
  6. ↑ Yechave Daat 1:3
  7. ↑ Mishna Brurah 429:2, Chazon Ovadia page 32
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 430:1, Chazon Ovadia page 32
  9. ↑ Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 2:7)
  10. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 29
  11. ↑ Rama 430:1 based on Ravyah 225 writes that the minhag is to read the Haggadah from Avadim Hayinu until LeChaper Al Avonotanu on Shabbat HaGadol. This is quoted by Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 107:3. However, Beiur Halacha s.v. BeMincha quotes the Gra (Maaseh Rav #173) who didn't have the minhag to read the Hagadah on Shabbat.
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