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| ==Car==
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| # If a person is caught on Friday afternoon because of traffic or the like and can't reach one's destination before sunset, according to some poskim, it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to drive them during Ben Hashemashot (13.5 halachic minutes) even if it means going beyond the techum.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 282, Shevet Halevi 7:45. See, however, Rabbi Heber in [http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/89/eruv-shabbos-gridlock/#_ftnref17 Kosher Kurrents (Winter 2013)] based on Rabbi Heinemann writes that after sunset one may not get in a taxi that will exit the techum. For the purposes of bein hashemashot he approximate it to be 30 minutes.</ref>
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| # Having a Shabbos Bus run by a non-Jew picking up Jews on Shabbat is forbidden.<ref>Bikvei Hatzoan (p. 34), see [http://hirhurim.blogspot.com/2010/03/shabbos-bus.html Hirhurim.blogspot.com] discussing "Shabbat: The Right Way"</ref>
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| ==Running==
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| # See [[Recreation_on_Shabbat#Running]].
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| ==Bike== | | ==Bike== |
| {{Bike on Shabbat}}
| | # The Minhag is not to bike on Shabbat. <ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 42, note 1), Sh"t Yabea Omer 10:54(12), Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 5, pg 56) </ref> |
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| ==Boat== | | ==Boat== |
| # See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]] | | # See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]] |
| | ==Car== |
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| ==Electric Subway and Train== | | ==Electric Subway and Train== |
| # It is forbidden to travel in any train or subway which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. One <ref>Chatom Sofer 6:97, Biur Halacha 404:1, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55), VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21. | | # It is forbidden to travel in an electric train which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55)ת VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 </ref> |
| * Chatom Sofer writes that going on a train beyond the techum is forbidden since the bottom of the train is within 10 tefachim of the ground, so it isn't considered above 10 tefachim. That is based on Raavan, Ritva, Bet Yosef, and Magen Avraham who hold that going in a wagon beyond techum is forbidden even if he's sitting above 10 tefachim. However, even according to Yereyim that since he's moving and he's above 10 tefachim he isn't violating techum, he cannot rely on that to go beyond 12 mil which according to many poskim is deoritta. Also, this is only for getting on before Shabbat and going beyond the techum on Shabbat. But getting on Shabbat is forbidden because Rashba holds that there's techum above 10 tefachim since he already has a techum when Shabbat started.
| | # If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before Shabbat and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private. <Ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 1 pg 130) </ref> |
| *Chazon Ovadia v. 1 pp. 127-130 argues that going on a train is a violation of techum since it is like a wagon and Ritva and Bet Yosef hold that it is considered within 10 tefachim. In Yachava Daat 3:36 makes this point tersely.
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| * Besides techum, Chatom Sofer writes that going on a train on Shabbat is a biblical violation of Shabbaton, and if it for business it is also a rabbinic prohibition of mimso chefsacha.
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| *Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 forbids riding on a train or even intracity subways which do not go beyond the techum. His reasons are: 1) It is forbidden to go beyond the techum. 2) There is a concern that he won't realize and go beyond the techum. 3) Since he's moving he can't rest properly and this violates Shabbaton. 4) Since he is renting his seat and a non-Jew is driving it appears as though he asked the non-Jew to drive the train (see Rama 246:1). 5) Going on an intracity train is an issue of public display of melacha (avsha milta). 6) Going on a train is an activity that is designated for the weekday (uvda d'chol). </ref>
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| # If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before [[Shabbat]] and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private.<Ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 1 pg 130) </ref> | |
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| ==Airplane== | | ==Airplane== |
| # One may not travel by airplane over [[Shabbat]] whether or not the plane departs before [[Shabbat]].<ref>Tzitz Eliezer 1:21, Igrot Moshe 3:97, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). | | # One may not travel by airplane over Shabbat whether or not the plane departs before Shabbat. However, if the plane arrives after Shabbat there is some opinion which is lenient, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26) and Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seem to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on Shabbat. </ref> |
| * Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 writes that it is absolutely forbidden to travel on an airplane on Shabbat or even go before Shabbat and land on Shabbat for several reasons. 1) The airplane travels more than the techum and even though it is above 10 tefachim from the ground it is still forbidden since it is for more than 12 mil (Rama 404:1). [In terms of techum, see Seridei Esh 1:99:3 who suggests that it isn't issue beyond 12 mil.] 2) Being on an airplane on Shabbat is forbidden because he can't enjoy Shabbat normally and is a violation of Shabbaton, resting. His precedent is the Chatom Sofer 6:97 regarding trains (see Ramban Vayikra 23:24). 3) Since he rented a seat and the non-Jew is flying the plane it appears as though he asked the non-Jew to do melacha with his property (see Rama 246:1). </ref> However, if the plane departs before Shabbat and arrives after [[Shabbat]] is over there is an opinion which allows it, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26). Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seems to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on [[Shabbat]]. Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 3:161:2 writes that one shouldn't board an airplane if one knows that it will continue to fly on [[Shabbat]]. He quotes Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21, Mishev Shalom 76, and Minchat Elazar 2:106 who agree to this. </ref>
| | # If an airplane arrived on Shabbat, one shouldn't get off the plan until after Shabbat, however, if one is unable to do so one should stay in the airport.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 53) </ref> |
| # If an airplane arrived on [[Shabbat]], one shouldn't get off the plane until after [[Shabbat]], however, if one is unable to do so one should stay in the airport.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 53), Tiferet 248:22 quoting Halacha Brurah 248:11 </ref> | |
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| ==Traveling in a dangerous area==
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| # If by traveling in a caravan in the desert and one will certainly come to violate [[Shabbat]] because of a Pikuach Nefesh (life threatening) situation, according to Sephardim one may begin the trip during the first three days of the week. However, according to Ashkenazim one should not begin should that trip any day of the week. <Ref> The Rivash 1:17-8 originates based on the Baal HaMoer’s concept that it would be permissible to travel with a caravan into a desert as long as one leaves during the first three days of the week even though it will certainly come to a violation of [[Shabbat]] because of a life threatening situation. Shulchan Aruch 248:4 codifies the Rivash as halacha that even when there’s certain violation of [[Shabbat]] it’s permitted if one begins in the first three days of the week. [Mishna Brurah 248:26 quotes the Radvaz who argues that if there’s certain violation of [[Shabbat]] even for Pikuach Nefesh it’s forbidden to begin any day of the week and the Mishna Brurah seems to side with the Radvaz. However, the Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:5) and Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 5:23(1) rule like Shulchan Aruch.] </ref>
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| ==Taking a Cruise==
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| [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]]
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| ==Sources== | | ==References== |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| [[Category:Shabbat]]
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| {{Shabbat Table}}
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