Tashlumin: Difference between revisions

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==Basic==
# If one forgot to say Shacharit one should say mincha twice, the first for mincha and the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of shacharit. <Ref> The basic halacha that there is an ability to makeup a prayer is found in the Tur and S”A 108:1 quoting the Briatta on Gemara Brachot 26a. The Halacha Brurah (Shaar HaTzion 108:1) writes that the rabbis instituted Tashlumin as an obligation and it’s not just voluntary. </ref>
# If one forgot to say Mincha one should say Arvit twice, the first for Arvit, the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of Mincha. <Ref>S”A 108:2 based on the Gemara Brachot 26a </ref>
# If one forgot to say Arvit one should say Shacharit twice, the first for Shacharit, the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of Arvit. <Ref>S”A 108:2 based on the Gemara Brachot 26a </ref>
==What’s called unintentionally missing a Tefillah?==
# If one forgot to pray
Aruch HaShulchan 108:5 writes that it includes even if one mistakenly thought that there’d be time to pray later and in the meantime he missed the time to pray. Additionally, it includes someone who was busy with a job. Magan Avraham 108:11 says that if one planned on praying later and then forgot he too can pray Tashlumin. Aruch HaShulchan 108:5 agrees.
==Having intent to specify the second as Tashlumin==
# Preferably, one should have intent to specify the first one to be for the current Tefillah and the second as the makeup (Tashlumin) of the previous Tefillah.
# If one had no specific intent when praying the two Shemona Esrehs one fulfills one’s obligation. <ref>Biur Halacha 108:1 D”H VeIm Hiyfech, Kaf HaChaim 108:3, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 108:1) </ref>
# If one mistakenly had intent that the first one would be Tashlumin and the second for current Tefillah one didn’t fulfill one’s obligation with the Tashlumin. However, some say that one should stipulate that if one isn’t obligated that one is praying a voluntary prayer.  <Ref>
* The halacha that the first one is supposed to be Mincha and the second Tashlumin for Shacharit is based on the Briatta on the top of Brachot 26b which says that if one forgot to say mincha of Shabbat one should say Arvit on Motzei Shabbat twice the first one with havdalah (Atta Chonatanu) and the second without havdalah and if one switched the order one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. The implication is that whenever one makes Tashlumin one should put the Shemona Esreh one is obligated in presently first and then the Tashlumin and if one did the opposite one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation. This is the ruling of the Tur, Darkei Moshe, and S”A 108:1. Many Achronim agree with this opinion including Eliyah Rabba 108:1, Ben Ish Chai (Mishpatim #9), and Nahar Shalom 108:2.
* However, the Magan Avraham 108:2 questions S”A saying that explicit intent isn’t indicative but rather the only time when one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation is when one adds a prayer into one of the Shemona Esrehs which clearly reveals that one meant the Tashlumin to be first. The Taz 108:2, Chaye 27:4, Chida in Kesher Gudal 22:11 agree with the Magan Avraham.
* In conclusion, the S”A HaRav 108:1 and Pri Megadim (A”A 108:2) write that one should be concerned for the opinion of the Magan Avraham and if one makes a mistake and has intent that the first one should be the Tashlumin then one should pray again voluntarily. However, the Biur Halacha 108:1 D”H VeIm Hiyfech writes that the halacha follows S”A. The Yalkut Yosef (108:1, Tefillah pg 566, Sherit Yosef vol 3 pg 75) writes that the primary halacha follows the S”A however it’s preferable to stipulate that if one isn’t obligated that one is praying a voluntary prayer. </ref>
==Tashlumin for Mussaf==
# There is no makeup (Tashlumin) if one missed saying Mussaf. <Ref> Tosfot (Brachot 26a D”H Iybah): there’s no tashlumin for mussaf because you can’t say the (pesukim or iyan of) Korbanot at night and mussaf was instituted as a remembrance of Korbanot and not a request of mercy. Rabbenu Yonah 18a D”G Taah(2), and Rosh 4:1 agree. This is the ruling of Tur and S”A 108:6. </ref>
==Women==
# A woman who usually prays three times a day and misses a prayer unintentionally the same halacha of Tashlumin applies and she should pray the next Tefillah twice, the second as the makeup (Tashlumin). <Ref>Halacha Brurah 108:3 </ref>
==Using Chazarat HaShatz==
# If the Shaliach Tzibbur has to pray a second prayer as Tashlumin, he should intend that the Chazarat HaShatz should counts as Tashlumin. <Ref>Magan Avraham 108:1, Mishna Brurah 108:4, Halacha Brurah 108:4 </ref>
# According to Ashkenazim, an individual who has to pray Tashlumin listening to Chazarat HaShatz will not fulfill one’s obligation rather one must pray oneself. However, after the fact one does fulfill one’s obligation for Tashlumin of Arvit/Mariv but not for any other prayer. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 108:5 </ref>
# According to Sephardim, an individual who has to pray Tashlumin has the option to listen intently (to every word) to Chazarat HaShatz with intent to fulfill his obligation of Tashlumin, however, it’s preferable to pray Tashlumin (a second prayer) oneself. <Ref>Halacha Brurah 108:5 </ref>
## If one does listen to the Chazarat HaShatz to fulfill one’s obligation one should answer Kedusha and Amen but not answer Baruch Hu UBaruch Shemo. <Ref>Halacha Brurah 108:5 </ref>
==If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday afternoon==
==If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday afternoon==
# If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday one should say Arvit on Friday night, two Shemona Esrehs of Shabbat, the first one for Arvit and the second as a makeup for Mincha (Tashlumin). <Ref>S”A 108:9 </ref>
# If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday one should say Arvit on Friday night, two Shemona Esrehs of Shabbat, the first one for Arvit and the second as a makeup for Mincha (Tashlumin). <Ref>S”A 108:9 </ref>

Revision as of 19:13, 29 July 2011

Basic

  1. If one forgot to say Shacharit one should say mincha twice, the first for mincha and the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of shacharit. [1]
  2. If one forgot to say Mincha one should say Arvit twice, the first for Arvit, the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of Mincha. [2]
  3. If one forgot to say Arvit one should say Shacharit twice, the first for Shacharit, the second as a makeup (Tashlumin) of Arvit. [3]

What’s called unintentionally missing a Tefillah?

  1. If one forgot to pray

Aruch HaShulchan 108:5 writes that it includes even if one mistakenly thought that there’d be time to pray later and in the meantime he missed the time to pray. Additionally, it includes someone who was busy with a job. Magan Avraham 108:11 says that if one planned on praying later and then forgot he too can pray Tashlumin. Aruch HaShulchan 108:5 agrees.

Having intent to specify the second as Tashlumin

  1. Preferably, one should have intent to specify the first one to be for the current Tefillah and the second as the makeup (Tashlumin) of the previous Tefillah.
  2. If one had no specific intent when praying the two Shemona Esrehs one fulfills one’s obligation. [4]
  3. If one mistakenly had intent that the first one would be Tashlumin and the second for current Tefillah one didn’t fulfill one’s obligation with the Tashlumin. However, some say that one should stipulate that if one isn’t obligated that one is praying a voluntary prayer. [5]

Tashlumin for Mussaf

  1. There is no makeup (Tashlumin) if one missed saying Mussaf. [6]

Women

  1. A woman who usually prays three times a day and misses a prayer unintentionally the same halacha of Tashlumin applies and she should pray the next Tefillah twice, the second as the makeup (Tashlumin). [7]

Using Chazarat HaShatz

  1. If the Shaliach Tzibbur has to pray a second prayer as Tashlumin, he should intend that the Chazarat HaShatz should counts as Tashlumin. [8]
  2. According to Ashkenazim, an individual who has to pray Tashlumin listening to Chazarat HaShatz will not fulfill one’s obligation rather one must pray oneself. However, after the fact one does fulfill one’s obligation for Tashlumin of Arvit/Mariv but not for any other prayer. [9]
  3. According to Sephardim, an individual who has to pray Tashlumin has the option to listen intently (to every word) to Chazarat HaShatz with intent to fulfill his obligation of Tashlumin, however, it’s preferable to pray Tashlumin (a second prayer) oneself. [10]
    1. If one does listen to the Chazarat HaShatz to fulfill one’s obligation one should answer Kedusha and Amen but not answer Baruch Hu UBaruch Shemo. [11]

If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday afternoon

  1. If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday one should say Arvit on Friday night, two Shemona Esrehs of Shabbat, the first one for Arvit and the second as a makeup for Mincha (Tashlumin). [12]

If one forgot to say Mincha before Rosh Chodesh

  1. If one forgot to say Mincha before Rosh Chodesh one should say Arvit on Rosh Chodesh, two Shemona Esrehs with Yaaleh VeYavo, the first one for Arvit and the second as a makeup for Mincha (Tashlumin). [13]
  2. If one forgot to say Mincha before Rosh Chodesh one should say Arvit on Rosh Chodesh, two Shemona Esrehs with Yaaleh VeYavo. However, if one did said Yaaleh VeYavo in the second but not the first, one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. [14] However, according to Sephardim some say that one should make a stipulation that if one isn’t obligated that one prays voluntarily. [15]

Mourner

  1. A person who became a mourner after the time for Shacharit or Mincha began and didn’t yet pray, some say that one is obligated to make Tashlumin (after the burial), and some say that one isn't obligated. [16]

References

  1. ↑ The basic halacha that there is an ability to makeup a prayer is found in the Tur and S”A 108:1 quoting the Briatta on Gemara Brachot 26a. The Halacha Brurah (Shaar HaTzion 108:1) writes that the rabbis instituted Tashlumin as an obligation and it’s not just voluntary.
  2. ↑ S”A 108:2 based on the Gemara Brachot 26a
  3. ↑ S”A 108:2 based on the Gemara Brachot 26a
  4. ↑ Biur Halacha 108:1 D”H VeIm Hiyfech, Kaf HaChaim 108:3, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 108:1)
  5. ↑
    • The halacha that the first one is supposed to be Mincha and the second Tashlumin for Shacharit is based on the Briatta on the top of Brachot 26b which says that if one forgot to say mincha of Shabbat one should say Arvit on Motzei Shabbat twice the first one with havdalah (Atta Chonatanu) and the second without havdalah and if one switched the order one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. The implication is that whenever one makes Tashlumin one should put the Shemona Esreh one is obligated in presently first and then the Tashlumin and if one did the opposite one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation. This is the ruling of the Tur, Darkei Moshe, and S”A 108:1. Many Achronim agree with this opinion including Eliyah Rabba 108:1, Ben Ish Chai (Mishpatim #9), and Nahar Shalom 108:2.
    • However, the Magan Avraham 108:2 questions S”A saying that explicit intent isn’t indicative but rather the only time when one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation is when one adds a prayer into one of the Shemona Esrehs which clearly reveals that one meant the Tashlumin to be first. The Taz 108:2, Chaye 27:4, Chida in Kesher Gudal 22:11 agree with the Magan Avraham.
    • In conclusion, the S”A HaRav 108:1 and Pri Megadim (A”A 108:2) write that one should be concerned for the opinion of the Magan Avraham and if one makes a mistake and has intent that the first one should be the Tashlumin then one should pray again voluntarily. However, the Biur Halacha 108:1 D”H VeIm Hiyfech writes that the halacha follows S”A. The Yalkut Yosef (108:1, Tefillah pg 566, Sherit Yosef vol 3 pg 75) writes that the primary halacha follows the S”A however it’s preferable to stipulate that if one isn’t obligated that one is praying a voluntary prayer.
  6. ↑ Tosfot (Brachot 26a D”H Iybah): there’s no tashlumin for mussaf because you can’t say the (pesukim or iyan of) Korbanot at night and mussaf was instituted as a remembrance of Korbanot and not a request of mercy. Rabbenu Yonah 18a D”G Taah(2), and Rosh 4:1 agree. This is the ruling of Tur and S”A 108:6.
  7. ↑ Halacha Brurah 108:3
  8. ↑ Magan Avraham 108:1, Mishna Brurah 108:4, Halacha Brurah 108:4
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah 108:5
  10. ↑ Halacha Brurah 108:5
  11. ↑ Halacha Brurah 108:5
  12. ↑ S”A 108:9
  13. ↑ Bet Yosef 422:2 quotes the Kol Bo who says that one only needs to say Yaaleh VeYavo in the first Shemona Esreh. The Levush 108:9, Olot Tamid 108:12, and the Bet Yosef (as it seems from the Bet Yosef there) agree with the Kol Bo. However, the Darkei Moshe 422:2 argues that one needs to say Yaaleh VeYavo Magan Avraham (108:7, 10, and 12), Kitzur S”A 21:6, Chaye Adam, and other Achronim including Mishna Brurah 108:26 hold that one should say Yaaleh VeYavo in both Shemona Esrehs. Halacha Brurah 108:27 (quotingn his father Rav Ovadyah) also agrees with Mishna Brurah.
  14. ↑ The Rama 108:9 writes that if one said Yaaleh VeYavo in the second but not first Shemona Esreh one has no fulfilled one’s obligation of Tashlumin and must repeat it because one has revealed that it was one’s intent to put the Tashlumin first. The Rama is based on a comparison to the law of the Gemara Brachot 26b that if one forgot mincha on Shabbat one should say Arvit twice on Motzei Shabbat and if one said havdalah in the second and not the first one has not fulfilled one’s obligation (because one has revealed one’s intent was to put the Tashlumin Shemona Esreh first). This is also found in the Kol Bo (siman 11, quoted in Bet Yosef 422:2) and is accepted by many Achronim including Mishna Brurah 108:27.
  15. ↑ The Yeshuot Yacov 108:11 argues that one has fulfilled one’s obligation because one only said Yaaleh VeYavo in the second Shemona Esreh because initially it is the proper thing to say Yaaleh VeYavo in the second Shemona Esreh. According to this one could answer (Halacha Brurah, Birur Halacha 108:22) that the Kol Bo only said that one should repeat Tashlumin since he holds that one should only say Yaaleh VeYavo in the first Shemona Esreh. Therefore, the Halacha Brurah 108:27 writes that one should repeat one’s Shemona Esreh on condition that if one isn’t obligated that it should be a voluntary prayer.
  16. ↑ Mishna Brurah 71, Magan Giborim and Derech HaChaim hold that a person is chayav, while the Yad Efrayim (Aninut 29), Birkei Yosef 341:17, Chachmat Shlomo 71, and Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 6:11 hold that one is exempt from Tashlumin.
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