Kaddish: Difference between revisions

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# The Rabbis' Kaddish (Kaddish Derabanan)--the same as the Mourners' Kaddish with the added line "Al Yisrael..."
# The Rabbis' Kaddish (Kaddish Derabanan)--the same as the Mourners' Kaddish with the added line "Al Yisrael..."
# The Final Kaddish (Kaddish De'itchadeta)--similar to the Rabbis' Kaddish with the insertion "Be'alma di'itchadeta..." in place of "be'alma di'bera chirutei ve'yamlich malchutei." This Kaddish is recited at a Siyum as well as at a funeral.
# The Final Kaddish (Kaddish De'itchadeta)--similar to the Rabbis' Kaddish with the insertion "Be'alma di'itchadeta..." in place of "be'alma di'bera chirutei ve'yamlich malchutei." This Kaddish is recited at a Siyum as well as at a funeral.
==Who should say Kaddish==
==Who Should Say Kaddish==
# The midrashim speak how a child saying Kaddish for a parent could save the parent from a harsh judgement in heaven. Therefore, the minhag is to say Kaddish for a parent as well as get the Aliyah of Maftir and to pray as the Shaliach Tzibur especially for [[Arvit]]. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:1</reF>
# The midrashim speak of how a child saying Kaddish for a parent could save the parent from a harsh judgement in heaven. Therefore, the minhag is to say Kaddish for a parent as well as get the Aliyah of Maftir and to pray as the Shaliach Tzibur especially for [[Arvit]]. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:1</reF>
# The Sephardic minhag is that anyone who wants may say Kaddish even if that is a number of people together. <ref> Kaf HaChaim 132:16. The Chatam Sofer YD 2:345 records this as the Sephardic minhag as well.</ref> For a discussion on the Ashkenazic minhag see [http://www.torahmusings.com/2014/01/may-multiple-people-say-kaddish-simultaneously/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz]  
# The Sephardic minhag is that anyone who wants may say Kaddish even if that means it will be a number of people reciting Kaddish together. <ref> Kaf HaChaim 132:16. The Chatam Sofer YD 2:345 records this as the Sephardic minhag as well.</ref> For a discussion on the Ashkenazic minhag see [http://www.torahmusings.com/2014/01/may-multiple-people-say-kaddish-simultaneously/ Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz]  
# Although saying Kaddish and [[prayers]] in the merit of one's parents, the primary merit for parents is that a child follows in the just and proper way.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:22</reF>
# Although we say Kaddish and [[prayers]] in the merit of our parents, the primary merit for parents is that a child follows in the just and proper way.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:22</reF>
# It is permissible to recite kaddish in memory of a non-Jew as long as the one who you are saying it for was a moral individual. <ref> Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:60 </ref>
# It is permissible to recite Kaddish in memory of a non-Jew as long as the one who you are saying it for was a moral individual. <ref> Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:60 </ref>


==Requirements for Kaddish==
==Requirements for Kaddish==
# One may only say Kaddish in a congregation of 10 men above the age of [[Bar Mitzvah]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1, Kitzur S"A of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 15:1</ref> The person saying Kaddish is included in the [[minyan]], meaning that there has to be 9 people listening to Kaddish besides for the one saying Kaddish. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7</ref>
# One may only say Kaddish in a congregation of 10 men above the age of [[Bar Mitzvah]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 15:1</ref> The person saying Kaddish is included in the [[minyan]], meaning that there has to be 9 people listening to Kaddish besides for the one saying Kaddish. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7</ref>
# If one cannot find ten men, it is permissible to use one katan, 9 or 10 years old, who has reached the age of [[chinuch]], for it is better than completely nullifying kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1 </ref>
# If one cannot find ten men, it is permissible to use one katan, 9 or 10 years old and has reached the age of [[chinuch]], for it is better than completely nullifying kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1 </ref>
#  If there is up to four people in the [[minyan]] saying [[Shemona Esreh]] and will not be able to answer Kaddish, nonetheless, one may say Kaddish because there is a majority of the [[minyan]] who can answer.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7, Ben Ish Chai, Perashat Vayechi, 5</ref>
#  One is required to have the majority of the [[minyan]] be able to answer one's Kaddish, in order to recite Kaddish. There may be up to four people who are not able to answer one's Kaddish, due to them being engaged in reciting [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. As long as the majority of the [[minyan]] are able to answer one, one may say Kaddish.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7, Ben Ish Chai, Perashat Vayechi, 5</ref>  
# If one began Kaddish with 10 men and one left, one may nonetheless finish kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 7 </ref>
# If one began Kaddish with 10 men and one left, one may nonetheless finish Kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 7 </ref>
# One need not be meticulous and strict with regard to making sure that everyone is the [[minyan]] had 2 pubic hairs. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 11 </ref>
# One need not be meticulous and strict in making sure that everyone in the [[minyan]] has 2 pubic hairs. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 11 </ref>
# If there are 10 men and one of the [[minyan]] is unable to answer to kaddish, kaddish may nonetheless be recited. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12 </ref>
# If there are 10 men and one of the [[minyan]] is unable to answer to Kaddish, Kaddish may nonetheless be recited. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12 </ref>
# If there are 10 men and one of the [[minyan]] is sleeping, kaddish may nonetheless be recited. Nevertheless, one should wake up the sleeper. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12 </ref>
# If there are 10 men and one of them is sleeping, Kaddish may nonetheless be recited. Nevertheless, one should wake up the sleeper. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12 </ref>
# A deaf man and a mute man may be counted for a [[minyan]], however, a deaf mute man is treated as a katan with regard to [[minyan]]. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 14 </ref>
# A deaf man and a mute man may be counted for a [[minyan]], however, a deaf mute man is treated as a katan with regard to [[minyan]]. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 14 </ref>


==When Kaddish may be said==
==When Kaddish May Be Said==
# If there's no [[minyan]] when the congregation reaches the end of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]], they should wait for a [[minyan]] prior to saying Yishtabach because if they say Yishtabach and only get a [[minyan]] afterwards they shouldn't say Kaddish until they first say some pesukim.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1</ref>
# If there is no [[minyan]] by the time the congregation reaches the end of [[Pesukei DeZimrah]], one should wait for a [[minyan]] prior to saying Yishtabach. If one says Yishtabach and only gets a [[minyan]] afterwards the congregation should not say Kaddish until it  first says some pesukim.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1</ref>
# A congregation may learn pesukim of Torah and then say kaddish yehe shelama. <ref> BI"H, Vayechi, 9 </ref>
# A congregation may learn pesukim of Torah and then say kaddish yehe shelama. <ref> BI"H, Vayechi, 9 </ref>
# A congregation may learn words of the Oral Torah and then say kaddish al yisrael. <ref> BI"H, Vayechi, 8 </ref>
# A congregation may learn words of the Oral Torah and then say kaddish al yisrael. <ref> BI"H, Vayechi, 8 </ref>


==Answering to Kaddish==
==Answering Kaddish==
# It is proper to wait a little bit in between answering "[[amen]]" and "yehe sheme raba" when answering to kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of answering to kaddish, seif 11 </ref>
# It is proper to wait a little bit in between answering "[[amen]]" and "yehe sheme raba" when answering to Kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of answering to kaddish, seif 11 </ref>


==Proper practices of the congregation during Kaddish==
==Proper Practices of the Congregation during Kaddish==
# One should face Eretz Yisrael during the recitation of Kaddish. <ref>  Machzor Vitri Siman 278 </ref>
# One should face Eretz Yisrael during the recitation of Kaddish. <ref>  Machzor Vitri Siman 278 </ref>
# The congregants should listen carefully and answer the appropriate responses with kavana. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5</ref>
# The congregants should listen carefully and answer appropriately with kavana. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5</ref>
# Anyone who answers "[[Amen]] Yehey Sheme Rabba..." with all of his strength and kavana any heavenly bad decree against him is ripped up.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5</ref>
# Anyone who answers "[[Amen]] Yehey Sheme Rabba..." with all of his strength and kavana, will have any heavenly bad decree against him nullified.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5</ref>
# Just like of does not walk in front of one who is praying, so too one should not walk in front of someone who is reciting kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 2; Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 10) </ref>
# Just like one does not walk in front of someone who is praying, so too one should not walk in front of someone who is reciting Kaddish. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 2; Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 10) </ref>
# If Kaddish began while one was standing, he/she should remain standing until after answering "[[Amen]] yehe sheme raba..." <ref> Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 8) </ref>
# If Kaddish began while one was standing, he/she should remain standing until after answering "[[Amen]] yehe sheme raba..." <ref> Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 8) </ref>
# The Sephardic custom is to respond "Amen yehe sheme raba..." until the word "Be'alma," and one should not answer "Amen" after the Hazzan says "Berich hu" unless one has completed the full response.  
# The Sephardic custom is to respond "Amen yehe sheme raba..." until the word "Be'alma," and one should not answer "Amen" after the Chazzan says "Berich hu" unless one has completed the full response.  
<ref> BI"H, Vayehi, 2; Rav Pealim, chelek 2, 13 </ref>
<ref> BI"H, Vayehi, 2; Rav Pealim, chelek 2, 13 </ref>


Revision as of 08:35, 17 August 2015

5 Different Types of Kaddish

  1. Half Kaddish (Chatzi Kaddish)--this is the shortest of all of the Kaddishes ending with the words "da'amiran bialma vi'imru amen." This Kaddish is recited as a break between different parts of the service.
  2. The Mourners' Kaddish (Kadish Yatom)--this Kaddish is the same as the Half Kaddish with the additional insertions of the lines "Yehei shlama..." and "Oseh shalom..." This Kaddish is recited during the 11th month period following the passing of a parent and on the parent's Yahrzeit.
  3. The Full Kaddish (Kadish Shalem)--the same as the Mourners Kaddish with the additional line "Titkabel..." In this line we ask Hashem to accept the prayers of all of the Jewish people. This Kaddish is recited at the conclusion of Chazarat Hashatz and Slichot.
  4. The Rabbis' Kaddish (Kaddish Derabanan)--the same as the Mourners' Kaddish with the added line "Al Yisrael..."
  5. The Final Kaddish (Kaddish De'itchadeta)--similar to the Rabbis' Kaddish with the insertion "Be'alma di'itchadeta..." in place of "be'alma di'bera chirutei ve'yamlich malchutei." This Kaddish is recited at a Siyum as well as at a funeral.

Who Should Say Kaddish

  1. The midrashim speak of how a child saying Kaddish for a parent could save the parent from a harsh judgement in heaven. Therefore, the minhag is to say Kaddish for a parent as well as get the Aliyah of Maftir and to pray as the Shaliach Tzibur especially for Arvit. [1]
  2. The Sephardic minhag is that anyone who wants may say Kaddish even if that means it will be a number of people reciting Kaddish together. [2] For a discussion on the Ashkenazic minhag see Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz
  3. Although we say Kaddish and prayers in the merit of our parents, the primary merit for parents is that a child follows in the just and proper way.[3]
  4. It is permissible to recite Kaddish in memory of a non-Jew as long as the one who you are saying it for was a moral individual. [4]

Requirements for Kaddish

  1. One may only say Kaddish in a congregation of 10 men above the age of Bar Mitzvah.[5] The person saying Kaddish is included in the minyan, meaning that there has to be 9 people listening to Kaddish besides for the one saying Kaddish. [6]
  2. If one cannot find ten men, it is permissible to use one katan, 9 or 10 years old and has reached the age of chinuch, for it is better than completely nullifying kaddish. [7]
  3. One is required to have the majority of the minyan be able to answer one's Kaddish, in order to recite Kaddish. There may be up to four people who are not able to answer one's Kaddish, due to them being engaged in reciting Shmoneh Esrei. As long as the majority of the minyan are able to answer one, one may say Kaddish.[8]
  4. If one began Kaddish with 10 men and one left, one may nonetheless finish Kaddish. [9]
  5. One need not be meticulous and strict in making sure that everyone in the minyan has 2 pubic hairs. [10]
  6. If there are 10 men and one of the minyan is unable to answer to Kaddish, Kaddish may nonetheless be recited. [11]
  7. If there are 10 men and one of them is sleeping, Kaddish may nonetheless be recited. Nevertheless, one should wake up the sleeper. [12]
  8. A deaf man and a mute man may be counted for a minyan, however, a deaf mute man is treated as a katan with regard to minyan. [13]

When Kaddish May Be Said

  1. If there is no minyan by the time the congregation reaches the end of Pesukei DeZimrah, one should wait for a minyan prior to saying Yishtabach. If one says Yishtabach and only gets a minyan afterwards the congregation should not say Kaddish until it first says some pesukim.[14]
  2. A congregation may learn pesukim of Torah and then say kaddish yehe shelama. [15]
  3. A congregation may learn words of the Oral Torah and then say kaddish al yisrael. [16]

Answering Kaddish

  1. It is proper to wait a little bit in between answering "amen" and "yehe sheme raba" when answering to Kaddish. [17]

Proper Practices of the Congregation during Kaddish

  1. One should face Eretz Yisrael during the recitation of Kaddish. [18]
  2. The congregants should listen carefully and answer appropriately with kavana. [19]
  3. Anyone who answers "Amen Yehey Sheme Rabba..." with all of his strength and kavana, will have any heavenly bad decree against him nullified.[20]
  4. Just like one does not walk in front of someone who is praying, so too one should not walk in front of someone who is reciting Kaddish. [21]
  5. If Kaddish began while one was standing, he/she should remain standing until after answering "Amen yehe sheme raba..." [22]
  6. The Sephardic custom is to respond "Amen yehe sheme raba..." until the word "Be'alma," and one should not answer "Amen" after the Chazzan says "Berich hu" unless one has completed the full response.

[23]

Sources

  1. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:1
  2. ↑ Kaf HaChaim 132:16. The Chatam Sofer YD 2:345 records this as the Sephardic minhag as well.
  3. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:22
  4. ↑ Sh"t Yechave Daat 6:60
  5. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 15:1
  6. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7
  7. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 1
  8. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:7, Ben Ish Chai, Perashat Vayechi, 5
  9. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 7
  10. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 11
  11. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12
  12. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 12
  13. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 14
  14. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:1
  15. ↑ BI"H, Vayechi, 9
  16. ↑ BI"H, Vayechi, 8
  17. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of answering to kaddish, seif 11
  18. ↑ Machzor Vitri Siman 278
  19. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5
  20. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:5
  21. ↑ Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 12, laws of kaddish, seif 2; Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 10)
  22. ↑ Ben Ish Chai (Vayechi, 8)
  23. ↑ BI"H, Vayehi, 2; Rav Pealim, chelek 2, 13
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