Erev Pesach: Difference between revisions

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==Davening==
==Davening==
# The Ashkenazi minhag is not to say Mizmor LeTodah on Erev [[Pesach]].<Ref>Rama 429:2, Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] v. 2, p. 222) </ref> However, the Sephardic minhag is to say it even on Erev [[Pesach]].<Ref>Yalkut Yosef 468:14</ref>
# The Ashkenazi minhag is not to say Mizmor LeTodah on Erev [[Pesach]].<Ref>Rama 429:2, Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] v. 2, p. 222) </ref> However, the Sephardic minhag is to say it even on Erev [[Pesach]].<Ref>Yalkut Yosef 468:14</ref>
# There is no [[Tachanun]] on Erev [[Pesach]] just like the rest of the [[month of Nissan]].<reF>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 429:1, Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] v. 2, p. 222) </ref>
# There is no [[Tachanun]] on Erev [[Pesach]] just like the rest of the [[month of Nissan]]. <reF>Shulchan Aruch 429:1, Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] v. 2, p. 222) </ref>
==Latest Time to Eat Chametz==
==Latest time to eat Chametz==
# From the beginning of the fifth hour (halachic hours) Chametz is forbidden to eat.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 443:1 </ref>
# From the beginning of the fifth hour (halachic hours) Chametz is forbidden to eat.<Ref>S”A 443:1 </ref>
#One should brush his teeth before the prohibited time for chametz arrives.<ref>Chazon Ovadia part 1 page 63, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Tzav halacha 8, Kaf Hachayim 444:32, Yechave Daat 1:91:8. </ref>


==Latest time to remove one's Chametz==
==Latest time to remove one's Chametz==
# From the beginning of the sixth hour, one may not derive benefit from Chametz.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 443:1 </ref>
# From the beginning of the sixth hour, one may not derive benefit from Chametz. <Ref>S”A 443:1 </ref>
==Eating [[Matzah]] before Pesach==
==Eating [[Matzah]] before Pesach==
# One shouldn’t eat [[Matzah]] on Erev [[Pesach]]<ref>Yerushalmi Pesachim 10:1, Rif Pesachim 16a, Tosfot Pesachim 99b s.v. lo yochal, Maharam Chalavah 99b, Rosh Pesachim 3:7, Ritva Pesachim 99b, Meiri Pesachim 99b, Rama 471:2. When does the prohibition to have matzah begin? Baal Hameor 15b writes that it begins from the 6th hour when chametz is forbidden, while the Ramban argues that it is all day. Ran 16a defends the Baal Hameor. Rosh agrees with Baal Hameor.</ref> including the nighttime.<Ref>Magen Avraham 471:6. The Chok Yaakov 471:7 quotes the Shiyarei Knesset Hagedola that some have the custom to refrain from eating [[matza]] from [[rosh chodesh]] nissan. </ref>
# One shouldn’t eat [[Matzah]] on Erev [[Pesach]] <ref> Rama 471:2 </ref> including the nighttime. <Ref>Magen Avraham 471:6. The Chok Yaakov 471:7 quotes the Shiyarei Knesset Hagedola that some have the custom to refrain from eating [[matza]] from [[rosh chodesh]] nissan. </ref>
# One should be strict not to have baked goods which include [[matzah]] meal such as [[Pesach]] cakes.<Ref>Rama 471:2, Mishna Brurah 471:20, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:117, Piskei Teshuvot 471:3. See Halichot Shlomo 8:4 who writes that it’s permissible if in the [[kneading]] the dough lost its form as bread.</ref> It is permissible to eat matzah in a cooked dish such as a matzah ball on Erev Pesach,<ref>Shaar Hatziyun 471:16, Shevet Halevi 8:117</ref> however, some say that the minhag is to refrain.<ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:10). [https://www.star-k.org/articles/uncategorized/371/a-guide-to-shabbos-erev-pesach/ Rabbi Dovid Heber] writes that it is permissible to eat matza balls on Erev Pesach and does not write that there is any minhag otherwise.</ref>
# One should be strict not to have baked goods which include [[matzah]] meal such as [[Pesach]] cakes. <Ref>Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:117, Piskei Teshuvot 471:3. See Halichot Shlomo 8:4 who writes that it’s permissible if in the [[kneading]] the dough lost its form as bread. </ref> It is permissible to eat matzah in a cooked dish such as a matzah ball on Erev Pesach, however, the minhag is to refrain. <ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:10) </ref>
# Some have the minhag not to eat [[Matzah]] from 30 days before [[Pesach]],<ref>Mishna Brurah 471:12, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 </ref> some have the minhag not to eat [[Matzah]] from the beginning of the month<ref>Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 says that such is the minhag of individuals </ref> and some have the minhag to eat it until Erev [[Pesach]].<Ref>Orchot Chaim Safinka 471:5 </ref>
# Some have the minhag not to eat [[Matzah]] from 30 days before [[Pesach]] <ref>Mishna Brurah 471:12, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 </ref>, some have the minhag not to eat [[Matzah]] from the beginning of the month <ref>Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 says that such is the minhag of individuals </ref>and some have the minhag to eat it until Erev [[Pesach]]. <Ref>Orchot Chaim Safinka 471:5 </ref>
# One shouldn’t eat [[Matzah]] before [[Pesach]] which was made without intent for the mitzvah of eating [[Matzah]].<Ref>Halichot Shlomo 8:3, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=2115 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]. See however, Machasit Hashekel 471:5 who implies otherwise. Meiri Pesachim 99b is also lenient.</ref>
# One shouldn’t eat [[Matzah]] before [[Pesach]] which was made without intent for the mitzvah of eating [[Matzah]]. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo 8:3, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=2115 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref>
#Regarding eating egg matzah see the next section.
# Sephardim allow eating egg matzah on Erev Pesach, while some Ashkenazim forbid.<Ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:7). See Rama 462:4</ref>
==Eating on Erev Pesach==
# It is forbidden to eat Matzah on Erev Pesach as described above [[#Eating Matzah before Pesach]].
# It is forbidden to eat Chametz after the beginning of the 5th hour as described above [[#Latest Time to Eat Chametz]]
# It is forbidden to eat egg matzah after the 10th hour.<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 99b, Rosh Pesachim 10:2, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 471:1. From the Gra 444:7 it seems that according to the Rambam and Zohar it is forbidden all day. Maharam Chalavah Pesachim 99b seems to agree.</ref> There is a difference of opinions whether Ashkenazim who have a minhag not to have egg matzah all of Pesach may eat it on Erev Pesach.<ref>See Rama 462:4. Pri Megadim E”A 444:2 thinks that the Rama holds that the minhag is not to have matzah ashira even on Erev Pesach. Aruch Hashulchan 444:5 permits having matzah ashira on Erev Pesach. [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46448&pgnum=240 Nitai Gavriel Pesach 2:44:7] cites both opinions. Igrot Moshe OC 1:155 allows matzah ashira until the fifth halachic hour.</ref>
# Sephardim allow eating egg matzah on Erev Pesach,<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 99b s.v. lo yochal, Rosh Pesachim 10:2, Ritva Pesachim 99b, Meiri Pesachim 99b, Tur and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 471:2. Magen Avraham 471:5 implies that matzah ashirah is flour made with fruit juice and sometimes even with water and can be eaten until the 10th hour on Erev Pesach. Mishna Brurah 471:10 agrees.</ref> while some Ashkenazim forbid.<Ref>Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:7). </ref>
# Although it is permitted to eat meat, fish, eggs, fruits, or vegetables even after the 10th hour one shouldn't fill oneself up.<ref>Rambam Chametz 6:12, Shulchan Aruch 471:1, Magen Avraham 471:2, Mishna Brurah 471:3</ref>
# It is permitted to have cooked vegetables after the tenth hour, such as potatoes as long as one doesn't fill oneself up.<ref>Magen Avraham 471:3 based on Tosfot Eruvin 55b s.v. kol forbids having cooked vegetables since they are more filling than raw vegetables. Chok Yaakov 471:3 questions this Magen Avraham while the Eliya Rabba defends him. Mishna Brurah 471:4 is lenient.</ref>


==Forbidden Work on Erev Pesach==
==Forbidden work on Erev Pesach==
{{Melacha_on_Erev_Pesach}}
<p class="indent">On Erev [[Pesach]], one must refrain from performing melacha beginning at midday (and in some communities this prohibition begins already from sunrise)<ref>The Shulchan Aruch 468:3 cites both of these opinions and writes that the correct practice depends upon the custom of one’s community.</ref>.  The explanation for this ruling is found in the Yerushalmi<ref>Cited in the Biur Halacha 468:1</ref> which says that the day a personal korban is brought is treated as a [[Yom Tov]]. Since on Erev [[Pesach]] all Jews would offer a Korban [[Pesach]] they would treat the day as a [[Yom Tov]] by abstaining from melacha.  Thus, even in the absence of [[korbanot]] today, the prohibition to perform melacha on Erev [[Pesach]] remains.<ref>Mishna Brurah 468:1</ref>  Nonetheless, because this is a rabbinic prohibition the laws of forbidden melacha are no more stringent than those of Chol Ha’moed<ref>Mishna Brurah 468:6</ref>. Complete melachot are forbidden even if they are being performed for [[Pesach]]. Thus, for example, one should ensure to complete his laundry<ref>Nonetheless, Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yalkut Yosef 468:10) rules that ironing clothes and shining one’s shoes are permitted in preparation for [[Yom Tov]]. Likewise, he rules that one may start a washing machine before midday although it will certainly continue to run after midday (468:13).</ref> and haircutting before midday.</p>
 
<p class="indent">The Shulchan Aruch cites two opinions regarding whether one may have a non-Jew perform melacha on his behalf on Erev [[Pesach]].  The Rama rules leniently.<ref>Rama 468:1</ref>  Accordingly, the Mishna Berura writes that one may have a non-Jew cut his hair<ref>Mishna Brurah 458:5 The Mishna Brurah explains that tilting one’s head in this case is not a problem of mesayea (supporting the non-Jew in the melacha).</ref> or wash his clothes even after midday.<ref>Mishna Brurah 458. This is in contrast to Chol Ha’moed where melacha performed by a non-Jew is typically prohibited.</ref></p>
==Erev Pesach That Falls out on Shabbat==
===After Midday===
*[[Erev Pesach That Falls out on Shabbat]]
#It is forbidden to do melacha on erev [[pesach]] after mid-day ([[Chatzot]]). <ref> Shulchan Aruch 468:1. Mishna Brurah 468:1 says based on a Yerushalmi quoted by Tosafot Pesachim 50a "makom shenahagu" that the reason for this is that it is when we brought korban [[pesach]] and the day which you bring a korban is a [[yom tov]] and work is forbidden midirabanan, and this prohibition applies nowadays even though we don't have the korban. Rashi there gives a different reason that we want people to be free to prepare for the seder and get rid of their chametz. Pnei Yehoshua there explains that it is because the rabbis gave erev [[pesach]] the status of [[chol hamoed]]. Beiur Halacha "mechatzot u'limala"  says that according to Tosafot's reason if [[Pesach]] falls out on erev [[shabbat]], melacha is not prohibited until [[mincha]]. But he adds that for Rashi the prohibition would still apply even when [[Pesach]] falls out on erev [[shabbat]] it would still be forbidden after mid-day, but concludes that most poskim hold like tosafot so one doesn't need to be machmir. </ref>
==Links==
#It is also forbidden to get a haircut or a shave unless by a non-Jew <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5 </ref>, to sew new clothing <ref> Rama 468:2 </ref>, and to do laundry except by a non-jew after mid-day. <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Piskei Teshuvot 468:6 says that even for a Jew to use a washing machine is forbidden but says it is permitted to turn on the machine before mid-day even if it will do the washing afterwards. </ref> Preferably one should cut his nails <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5. Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56 says this can be done without restrictions. </ref> and polish his shoes before mid-day. <ref> Yabia Omer 1:32, Shearim HaMitzuyanim BiHalacha 133:6, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita 42 note 173, Piskei Teshuvos 468:4. Piskei Teshuvot 468:18 says polishing shoes is not allowed after [[chatzot]], as does the Kitzur HaShl"a quoted in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:301.  </ref> All of the leniencies that apply to [[chol hamoed]] in these cases apply to erev [[pesach]] also. <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Rambam Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] 8:18 says that on erev [[pesach]] after [[chatzot]] it is asur to do melacha midirabanan like [[chol hamoed]] and it is more lenient than [[chol hamoed]].  </ref>
* [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/54541 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Pesach vol. 1 (Hebrew, 5775)]
#It is permissible to iron clothes,<ref> Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita 42 note 139 says ironing is also allowed on [[chol hamoed]]. </ref> sew buttons, or perform minor mending even in a skilled manner. <ref> Rama 468:2. Mishna Brurah 468:8 writes that you can also do these things for others without pay. </ref>
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/718068/Rabbi_Baruch_Simon/Malacha_on_Erev_Pesach Malacha on Erev Pesach] by Rabbi Baruch Simon
===Before Chatzot===
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/812222/Rabbi_Ezra_Schwartz/Some_Halachot_of_Erev_Pesach Some Halachot of Erev Pesach] by Rabbi Ezra Schwartz
#If the custom in the community is not to work before [[chatzot]], then one should follow that custom. If the custom is to work, then one is permitted to work. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 468:3, Mishna Brurah 468:12. </ref> Nowadays, the minhag is to work before [[chatzot]]. <ref> Chayei Adam 129:4, Aruch Hashulchan 468:5. </ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
{{Pesach}}

Revision as of 15:42, 2 April 2015

Davening

  1. The Ashkenazi minhag is not to say Mizmor LeTodah on Erev Pesach.[1] However, the Sephardic minhag is to say it even on Erev Pesach.[2]
  2. There is no Tachanun on Erev Pesach just like the rest of the month of Nissan. [3]

Latest time to eat Chametz

  1. From the beginning of the fifth hour (halachic hours) Chametz is forbidden to eat.[4]

Latest time to remove one's Chametz

  1. From the beginning of the sixth hour, one may not derive benefit from Chametz. [5]

Eating Matzah before Pesach

  1. One shouldn’t eat Matzah on Erev Pesach [6] including the nighttime. [7]
  2. One should be strict not to have baked goods which include matzah meal such as Pesach cakes. [8] It is permissible to eat matzah in a cooked dish such as a matzah ball on Erev Pesach, however, the minhag is to refrain. [9]
  3. Some have the minhag not to eat Matzah from 30 days before Pesach [10], some have the minhag not to eat Matzah from the beginning of the month [11]and some have the minhag to eat it until Erev Pesach. [12]
  4. One shouldn’t eat Matzah before Pesach which was made without intent for the mitzvah of eating Matzah. [13]
  5. Sephardim allow eating egg matzah on Erev Pesach, while some Ashkenazim forbid.[14]

Forbidden work on Erev Pesach

On Erev Pesach, one must refrain from performing melacha beginning at midday (and in some communities this prohibition begins already from sunrise)[15]. The explanation for this ruling is found in the Yerushalmi[16] which says that the day a personal korban is brought is treated as a Yom Tov. Since on Erev Pesach all Jews would offer a Korban Pesach they would treat the day as a Yom Tov by abstaining from melacha. Thus, even in the absence of korbanot today, the prohibition to perform melacha on Erev Pesach remains.[17] Nonetheless, because this is a rabbinic prohibition the laws of forbidden melacha are no more stringent than those of Chol Ha’moed[18]. Complete melachot are forbidden even if they are being performed for Pesach. Thus, for example, one should ensure to complete his laundry[19] and haircutting before midday.

The Shulchan Aruch cites two opinions regarding whether one may have a non-Jew perform melacha on his behalf on Erev Pesach. The Rama rules leniently.[20] Accordingly, the Mishna Berura writes that one may have a non-Jew cut his hair[21] or wash his clothes even after midday.[22]

After Midday

  1. It is forbidden to do melacha on erev pesach after mid-day (Chatzot). [23]
  2. It is also forbidden to get a haircut or a shave unless by a non-Jew [24], to sew new clothing [25], and to do laundry except by a non-jew after mid-day. [26] Preferably one should cut his nails [27] and polish his shoes before mid-day. [28] All of the leniencies that apply to chol hamoed in these cases apply to erev pesach also. [29]
  3. It is permissible to iron clothes,[30] sew buttons, or perform minor mending even in a skilled manner. [31]

Before Chatzot

  1. If the custom in the community is not to work before chatzot, then one should follow that custom. If the custom is to work, then one is permitted to work. [32] Nowadays, the minhag is to work before chatzot. [33]

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama 429:2, Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, p. 222)
  2. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 468:14
  3. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 429:1, Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, p. 222)
  4. ↑ S”A 443:1
  5. ↑ S”A 443:1
  6. ↑ Rama 471:2
  7. ↑ Magen Avraham 471:6. The Chok Yaakov 471:7 quotes the Shiyarei Knesset Hagedola that some have the custom to refrain from eating matza from rosh chodesh nissan.
  8. ↑ Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:117, Piskei Teshuvot 471:3. See Halichot Shlomo 8:4 who writes that it’s permissible if in the kneading the dough lost its form as bread.
  9. ↑ Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:10)
  10. ↑ Mishna Brurah 471:12, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155
  11. ↑ Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:155 says that such is the minhag of individuals
  12. ↑ Orchot Chaim Safinka 471:5
  13. ↑ Halichot Shlomo 8:3, Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com
  14. ↑ Nitai Gavriel (Pesach v. 2, 44:7). See Rama 462:4
  15. ↑ The Shulchan Aruch 468:3 cites both of these opinions and writes that the correct practice depends upon the custom of one’s community.
  16. ↑ Cited in the Biur Halacha 468:1
  17. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:1
  18. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:6
  19. ↑ Nonetheless, Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yalkut Yosef 468:10) rules that ironing clothes and shining one’s shoes are permitted in preparation for Yom Tov. Likewise, he rules that one may start a washing machine before midday although it will certainly continue to run after midday (468:13).
  20. ↑ Rama 468:1
  21. ↑ Mishna Brurah 458:5 The Mishna Brurah explains that tilting one’s head in this case is not a problem of mesayea (supporting the non-Jew in the melacha).
  22. ↑ Mishna Brurah 458. This is in contrast to Chol Ha’moed where melacha performed by a non-Jew is typically prohibited.
  23. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 468:1. Mishna Brurah 468:1 says based on a Yerushalmi quoted by Tosafot Pesachim 50a "makom shenahagu" that the reason for this is that it is when we brought korban pesach and the day which you bring a korban is a yom tov and work is forbidden midirabanan, and this prohibition applies nowadays even though we don't have the korban. Rashi there gives a different reason that we want people to be free to prepare for the seder and get rid of their chametz. Pnei Yehoshua there explains that it is because the rabbis gave erev pesach the status of chol hamoed. Beiur Halacha "mechatzot u'limala" says that according to Tosafot's reason if Pesach falls out on erev shabbat, melacha is not prohibited until mincha. But he adds that for Rashi the prohibition would still apply even when Pesach falls out on erev shabbat it would still be forbidden after mid-day, but concludes that most poskim hold like tosafot so one doesn't need to be machmir.
  24. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:5
  25. ↑ Rama 468:2
  26. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:7. Piskei Teshuvot 468:6 says that even for a Jew to use a washing machine is forbidden but says it is permitted to turn on the machine before mid-day even if it will do the washing afterwards.
  27. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:5. Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56 says this can be done without restrictions.
  28. ↑ Yabia Omer 1:32, Shearim HaMitzuyanim BiHalacha 133:6, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 173, Piskei Teshuvos 468:4. Piskei Teshuvot 468:18 says polishing shoes is not allowed after chatzot, as does the Kitzur HaShl"a quoted in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:301.
  29. ↑ Mishna Brurah 468:7. Rambam Hilchot Yom Tov 8:18 says that on erev pesach after chatzot it is asur to do melacha midirabanan like chol hamoed and it is more lenient than chol hamoed.
  30. ↑ Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56. Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 139 says ironing is also allowed on chol hamoed.
  31. ↑ Rama 468:2. Mishna Brurah 468:8 writes that you can also do these things for others without pay.
  32. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 468:3, Mishna Brurah 468:12.
  33. ↑ Chayei Adam 129:4, Aruch Hashulchan 468:5.
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