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| [[File:[[Shabbat]]_candles.jpg|200px|right]]
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| There’s an obligation upon every household to have a candle lit for [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1) and S”A 263:2 rule that there’s an obligation to have a candle lit in the house for [[Shabbat]]. </ref>
| | ==Practical Applications== |
| | # Regarding removing a band aid on [[Shabbat]] and how it relates to Gozez, see the [[Medicine on Shabbat]] page. |
| | # Regarding combing one's hair on [[Shabbat]], see the [[Getting_Dressed_on_Shabbat]]. |
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| ==Women and candle lighting== | | ===Cutting Nails=== |
| #The obligation is greater upon women in the house than the men. <Ref>Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 32a D”H Hareni) writes in name of Beresheet Rabba that women are more obligated in lighting candles since they were involved in the sin of extinguishing the light of the world in the sin of Etz HaDaat. Rashi gives a second reason that the women are more obligated in this mitzvah is because they deal with the needs of the house. The S”A 263:3 and Rambam only gives that second reason of Rashi. This reason is brought by Mishna Brurah 263:12. </ref> If the man and woman both want to lit, the preference is given to the women. <Ref> S”A 263:3 brings this reasons and rules that the woman of the house is more obligated and so, if the man wants to lit, the women can prevent him. </ref> | | # It is forbidden to cut one's nails on Shabbat. <ref> The shulchan aruch (340:1) says one who cuts nails on shabbos is chayav. Many ask: how can it be that the shulchan aruch holds chayav if he holds milachah sheayna tzricha ligufa is patur? The magen avraham (340:1) says we must be talking about a case where the guy wants the nails and hair which makes it a milachah shetzricha ligufo and is why the shulchan aruch says chayav. The vilna goan disagrees and says that the shulchan aruch really just feels milachah sheayna tzricha ligufo is chayav. The biur halachah proves from other milachos that this pshat of the gra is not possible. He explains the pshat in the shulchan aruch is that he is holding like the rivash. The rivash (siman 394) explains that milachah sheayna tzricha ligufo is not relevant in this discussion here. Milachah sheayna tzricha ligufo is all determined by the mishkan and in the mishkan there was sometimes hair removal to beautify the oros tichashim so this is a milachah shetzricha ligufo. Only because it is a milachah shetzricha ligufo will it be chayav. </ref> If one has a hangnail that is causing him pain, he may remove it with his fingers or his teeth. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=749 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> |
| # However, the obligation of setting up the wicks and oil should be done by the men of the house. <Ref> Shaar HaKavanot 61d, Magan Avraham 263:7, Mishna Brurah 263:12 </ref>
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| # The minhag is that the husband of a woman, who gave birth that week, lights [[Shabbat]] candles for his wife.<Ref> Mishna Brurah 263:11. Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 15:32:7 writes that essentially the woman who gave birth can light but the minhag is not to. </ref>
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| # A women who is going into surgery and knows she will be unconscious until after the [[Shabbat]] candles brunt out should light [[Shabbat]] candles with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 15:32:6 writes that this case would be the same as a blind person who is allowed to light candles because the blind get benefit in that others will be able to see and help the blind. </ref>
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| ==Who's obligated?== | | ==Links== |
| # A student in Yeshiva also has an obligation to light [[Shabbat]] candles and doesn't fulfill one's obligation with one's parent's if one is not at home. Preferably, one should lit in the room one sleeps in, however, if that's impossible, a student can fulfill their obligation if there's one student or women who lights in the cafeteria with intent to fulfill the obligation of everyone. <ref> Piskei Teshuvot 263:11. See there where he adds that if the student isn't eating in the cafeteria but is eating in someone's house, seemingly one can't fulfill one's obligation with the candles lit in the cafeteria. Nonetheless, concludes the Piskei Teshuvot, that there's what to rely on the S"A HaRav who holds that by eating at someone's house one becomes like a family member. See the Sanctity of [[Shabbat]] (pg 10; by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen) who quotes Rabbi Pinchas Shienberg who are lenient. </ref>
| | * [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/775005/Rabbi_Daniel_Z_Feldman/gozez Gozez] by Rabbi Daniel Feldman |
| | * [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol3Issue11.pdf The Melacha of Gozez] on Halachically Speaking |
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| ==Time to light candles== | | ==Sources== |
| # One should light [[Shabbat]] candles a "short hour" before Shekiyah each place according to its minhag. If there's no minhag in that place, one should light a half hour before shekiyah or at least 20 minutes. <ref> Mishna Brurah 261:23 writes that one should stop doing melacha a half hour or at least 20 minutes before Melacha. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:11 writes that this amount of time is when one should light candles. See Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (43 note 57) where he discusses the minhag in Yerushalim to light 40 minutes before Shekiyah.</ref>
| | <References/> |
| # One should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. <ref> How early can one light [[Shabbat]] candles? The Rosh (Brachot 4:6) writes that the earliest time to light [[Shabbat]] candles is Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours). The Tur 267:2 writes that this is also the opinion of Tosfot and the Bet Yosef 263:4 writes that this is the opinion of the Rabbenu Yonah and Mordechai. S"A 263:4 rules that one should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. </ref>
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| ==The Bracha==
| | [[Category:Orach Chaim]] |
| # A man should have the match ready in hand, make the bracha, and then light the candles; however, women should light the candles, and then make the bracha while covering her eyes or the flame so as not to benefit from the light. <ref> Rama 263:5 writes that the minhag was to light and then make the bracha while covering the flame so as not to benefit from the flame before making the bracha. Buir Halacha D"H Achar Hadlaka brings a dispute whether a man does the same process as a women or not. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:30 rules that a man should first make the bracha and then light. </ref>
| | [[Category:Shabbat]] |
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| ==What should be used for candles?==
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| # Even though all oil that is drawn after wick is kosher for [[Shabbat]] candles, it’s preferable to use olive oil. <Ref> S”A 264:6 </ref>
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| # If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref>
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| # If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on the electric lights with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 </ref>
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| # It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> S"A 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. So rules Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:4 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 187). </ref>
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| # If no candles are available one may light with electric bulbs (incandescent) and make a bracha. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make the bracha on an electric bulb with the qualification that it's lit for kavod shabbat. Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 188, Yabea Omer OC 2:17) agrees that one can make a bracha on it but emphasizes that it's a last option and that preferably one should have a designation that the bulb is for [[Shabbat]] candles. </ref>
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| ==How many candles?==
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| # The minimum requirement is to have one candle. <Ref> implied for the language of Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1) and S”A 263:2. </ref> However, the minhag is to have two candles. <Ref> S”A 263:1 rules that one should have two candles, one for Shamor and one for Zachor. </ref>
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| # Some have the minhag to have 7 candles and some have the mninhag to have 10 candles. <ref>Magan Avraham 263:2 in name of the Shlah </ref>
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| ==The order of candle lighting==
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| #The practice is the women says a prayer for her children grow to become Torah scholars. <Ref> The practice to pray for children that will be Torah scholars is based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 23b that says in reward for keeping [[Shabbat]] candles, one get children who lighten the world with their Torah. The Magan Avraham 263:11 in name of Rabbenu BeChay says that it is proper for a person to pray for children that will be Torah scholars when lighting the [[Shabbat]] candles. This brought as Halacha in Kaf HaChaim 263:1 and Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3). </ref>
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| # The Ashkenzi practice is to say the Bracha of Hadlakat Nerot after lighting the candles. <Ref> Rama 263:5 </ref> However, even though many Sephardim also practice to make the Bracha after the lighting, the Halacha is that to avoid a possible Bracha Levatala one should make the bracha prior to lighting. <Ref> Sh”T Yechava Daat 2:33, Sh”t Yabe Omer 2 O”C 16, Menuchat Ahava (Vol 1, 4:5) </ref>
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| ==References==
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