When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions

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==The Source in the Gemara for Bein Hashemashot==
==The Source in the Gemara for Bein Hashemashot==
#The Gemara <ref> [[Shabbat]] 34b </ref> discusses what is considered to be "Bein Hashemashot" / בין השמשות, or literally, "between the suns"--i.e. the time period that is after sunset, but before nightfall. It is uncertain whether or not this time is day or night, so it is treated with the stringency of both days.
#Night-time begins with "צאת הכוכבים / When the Stars Come Out". <ref> The Gemara ([[Megillah]] 20b) proves this from Nechemya 4 </ref>.
#The Gemara <ref> [[Shabbat]] 34b </ref> discusses what is considered to be "[[Bein Hashemashot]]" / בין השמשות, or literally, "between the suns"--i.e. the time period that is after sunset, but before nightfall. It is uncertain whether or not this time is day or night, so it is treated with the stringency of both days.
#R. Nechemya holds it is the time it takes to walk 1/2 of a "[[Mil]]", or 1,000 amos, while R. Yehuda holds it is the time to: -walk 2/3 of a "[[Mil]]" (1,334 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, or -3/4 of a "[[Mil]]" (1,500 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, after sunset. Rabbi Yose holds it is a few seconds (the time it takes to blink an eye softly) <ref> Rashi [[Shabbos]] 34b ד"ה כהרף עין. Tosafos ד"ה רבי יוסי points out that R. Yose doesn't claim that he knows precisely when it is, but just that the period of time that is doubtful is much smaller than the other Tannaim think. </ref> after the end of R. Yehuda's time; before then, it is still day.
#R. Nechemya holds it is the time it takes to walk 1/2 of a "[[Mil]]", or 1,000 amos, while R. Yehuda holds it is the time to: -walk 2/3 of a "[[Mil]]" (1,334 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, or -3/4 of a "[[Mil]]" (1,500 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, after sunset. Rabbi Yose holds it is a few seconds (the time it takes to blink an eye softly) <ref> Rashi [[Shabbos]] 34b ד"ה כהרף עין. Tosafos ד"ה רבי יוסי points out that R. Yose doesn't claim that he knows precisely when it is, but just that the period of time that is doubtful is much smaller than the other Tannaim think. </ref> after the end of R. Yehuda's time; before then, it is still day.
#The Gemara rules that, since it is doubtful who is correct, we treat all of R. Yehuda's period on Friday afternoon as [[Shabbos]]. Rashi <ref> 35a ד"ה בשלמא הלכה כר' יהודה לענין שבת לחומרא </ref> implies that following [[Shabbos]], we treat R. Yose's period stringently.
#The Gemara rules that, since it is doubtful who is correct, we treat all of R. Yehuda's period on Friday afternoon as [[Shabbos]]. Rashi <ref> 35a ד"ה בשלמא הלכה כר' יהודה לענין שבת לחומרא </ref> implies that following [[Shabbos]], we treat R. Yose's period stringently.
#However, the Gemara rules on [[Shabbos]] 35b that when one star is visible, it is still day; when two stars are visible, it is Bein Hashemashos; when three stars are visible, it is night-time. These are only stars of medium size, neither so big as to only be visible during the day, nor too small to only be visible during the night.
#However, the Gemara rules on [[Shabbos]] 35b that when one star is visible, it is still day; when two stars are visible, it is Bein Hashemashos; when three stars are visible, it is night-time. These are only stars of medium size, neither so big as to only be visible during the day, nor too small to only be visible during the night.
#The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam Hil' [[Shabbos]] 5:4. This is because: if one treats Bein Hashemashot as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats Bein Hashemashot as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref>
#The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam Hil' [[Shabbos]] 5:4. This is because: if one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref>
#Therefore, one can do no Melacha during Bein Hashemashot <ref> Mishnah [[Shabbos]] 34b </ref>.
#Therefore, one can do no Melacha during [[Bein Hashemashot]] <ref> Mishnah [[Shabbos]] 34b </ref>.


== Rabbeinu Tam ==
== Rabbeinu Tam ==
#According to R. Tam (Tosafos [[Shabbos]] 35a), there are two "sunsets". <ref> The Gemara in [[Shabbos]] 34b, as mentioned, states that at most, the length of time between Sunset and Tzeis Hakochavim (night-fall) is the length of time it takes to walk 1,500 Amos. The Gemara in Pesachim 94a, however, also going according to R. Yehuda, indicates that this time is the length of time it takes to walk 4 [[mil]] (8,000 Amos)!
  R. Tam answers the contradiction by stating: there are two "sunsets": the "beginning of Shekiah/sunset"--i.e. that is what Pesachim 94a refers to--and "the end of Shekiah", after the sun enters the "עובי הרקיע" / thickness of the sky--which is referred to in Shabbos 34b, and only then does Bein Hashemashot begin. </ref>
# According to Sephardim, a Yireh Shamayim should be strict to refrain from Melacha until 72 minutes after sunset like Rabbenu Tam.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 293:3</ref>
# According to Sephardim, a Yireh Shamayim should be strict to refrain from Melacha until 72 minutes after sunset like Rabbenu Tam.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 293:3</ref>
# According to Sephardim, it is permitted for someone who keeps Rabbenu Tam time to ask someone who doesn't keep Rabbenu Tam time to do Melacha for him.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 293:11</ref>
# According to Sephardim, it is permitted for someone who keeps Rabbenu Tam time to ask someone who doesn't keep Rabbenu Tam time to do Melacha for him.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 293:11</ref>

Revision as of 22:08, 2 February 2014

This article is a stub. It needs to be expanded to include more halacha's and broader sources.

The Source in the Gemara for Bein Hashemashot

  1. Night-time begins with "צאת הכוכבים / When the Stars Come Out". [1].
  2. The Gemara [2] discusses what is considered to be "Bein Hashemashot" / בין השמשות, or literally, "between the suns"--i.e. the time period that is after sunset, but before nightfall. It is uncertain whether or not this time is day or night, so it is treated with the stringency of both days.
  3. R. Nechemya holds it is the time it takes to walk 1/2 of a "Mil", or 1,000 amos, while R. Yehuda holds it is the time to: -walk 2/3 of a "Mil" (1,334 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, or -3/4 of a "Mil" (1,500 Amos), according to Rav Yosef, after sunset. Rabbi Yose holds it is a few seconds (the time it takes to blink an eye softly) [3] after the end of R. Yehuda's time; before then, it is still day.
  4. The Gemara rules that, since it is doubtful who is correct, we treat all of R. Yehuda's period on Friday afternoon as Shabbos. Rashi [4] implies that following Shabbos, we treat R. Yose's period stringently.
  5. However, the Gemara rules on Shabbos 35b that when one star is visible, it is still day; when two stars are visible, it is Bein Hashemashos; when three stars are visible, it is night-time. These are only stars of medium size, neither so big as to only be visible during the day, nor too small to only be visible during the night.
  6. The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on Shabbos for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated Shabbos, and must bring a sin-offering [5]
  7. Therefore, one can do no Melacha during Bein Hashemashot [6].

Rabbeinu Tam

  1. According to R. Tam (Tosafos Shabbos 35a), there are two "sunsets". [7]
  2. According to Sephardim, a Yireh Shamayim should be strict to refrain from Melacha until 72 minutes after sunset like Rabbenu Tam.[8]
  3. According to Sephardim, it is permitted for someone who keeps Rabbenu Tam time to ask someone who doesn't keep Rabbenu Tam time to do Melacha for him.[9]

Sources

  1. ↑ The Gemara (Megillah 20b) proves this from Nechemya 4
  2. ↑ Shabbat 34b
  3. ↑ Rashi Shabbos 34b ד"ה כהרף עין. Tosafos ד"ה רבי יוסי points out that R. Yose doesn't claim that he knows precisely when it is, but just that the period of time that is doubtful is much smaller than the other Tannaim think.
  4. ↑ 35a ד"ה בשלמא הלכה כר' יהודה לענין שבת לחומרא
  5. ↑ Shabbos 35b, Rambam Hil' Shabbos 5:4. This is because: if one treats Bein Hashemashot as day, one broke Shabbos on Saturday evening. If one treats Bein Hashemashot as night, one violated Shabbos on Friday evening.
  6. ↑ Mishnah Shabbos 34b
  7. ↑ The Gemara in Shabbos 34b, as mentioned, states that at most, the length of time between Sunset and Tzeis Hakochavim (night-fall) is the length of time it takes to walk 1,500 Amos. The Gemara in Pesachim 94a, however, also going according to R. Yehuda, indicates that this time is the length of time it takes to walk 4 mil (8,000 Amos)! R. Tam answers the contradiction by stating: there are two "sunsets": the "beginning of Shekiah/sunset"--i.e. that is what Pesachim 94a refers to--and "the end of Shekiah", after the sun enters the "עובי הרקיע" / thickness of the sky--which is referred to in Shabbos 34b, and only then does Bein Hashemashot begin.
  8. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 293:3
  9. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 293:11
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