Transportation on Shabbat: Difference between revisions

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==Car==
# If a person is caught on Friday afternoon because of traffic or the like and can't reach one's destination before sunset, according to some poskim, it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to drive them during Ben Hashemashot (13.5 halachic minutes) even if it means going beyond the techum.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 282, Shevet Halevi 7:45. See, however, Rabbi Heber in [http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/89/eruv-shabbos-gridlock/#_ftnref17 Kosher Kurrents (Winter 2013)] based on Rabbi Heinemann writes that after sunset one may not get in a taxi that will exit the techum. For the purposes of bein hashemashot he approximate it to be 30 minutes.</ref>
# Having a Shabbos Bus run by a non-Jew picking up Jews on Shabbat is forbidden.<ref>Bikvei Hatzoan (p. 34), see [http://hirhurim.blogspot.com/2010/03/shabbos-bus.html Hirhurim.blogspot.com] discussing "Shabbat: The Right Way"</ref>
==Running==
==Running==
# See [[Recreation_on_Shabbat#Running]].
# One should not run or even take big steps on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Rama 301:1, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 29:4 </ref>
 
# One may run because of the rain, a fear, or another extreme need. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 29:5 </ref>
# It's permissible for children to play a game that involves running because it is their oneg [[shabbat]]. <ref> S"A 301:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 29:6 </ref>
# It's permissible to run for the purpose of a mitzvah such as running to shul for [[davening]] or learning. <Ref>S"A 301:1, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 29:7 </ref>
==Bike==
==Bike==
{{Bike on Shabbat}}
# The Minhag is not to ride a bike on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 42, note 1), Sh"t Yabia Omer 10:54(12), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 56). The Ben Ish Chai in Rav Pealim 1:25 permits it but some say that later on he retracted from that ruling. (Sh"t Yechave Daat 2:48). [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2337 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] discusses and clarifies that Rav Ovadyah Yosef's opinion on this topic is that it is not proper to ride bikes on [[Shabbat]].
 
* '''Ashkenazi Poskim:''' [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14506&st=&pgnum=154 Tzitz Eliezer (7:30:1)]- Riding a bike on [[Shabbat]] is an issue of [[Uvda DeChol]].
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=22674&st=&pgnum=90&hilite= Rav Azriel Hildesheimer (siman 49)] - Riding a bike on [[Shabbat]] is an issue of [[Choresh]].
* Rav Yitzchak Schmelkish (Tshuvos Beis Yitzchak)- the gezerah against riding an animal was a broad gezerah against all transportation on [[shabbos]].
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14667&st=&pgnum=65 Chasam Sofer (6:97)] - Riding a train is a violation of “shabbason.”
* '''Sephardi Poskim:''' The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1401&st=&pgnum=56 Ben Ish Chai (Rav Poalim 1:25)] says it's muttar.
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9085&st=&pgnum=310&hilite= Kaf HaChaim (5:404:8)] quotes the Ben Ish Chai, but then he says the minhag is not to ride bikes and he brings many reasons why (it might break and he’ll come to fix it, he might ride outside the [[techum]], he might get to a hill where he’ll need to get off and carry the bike.)
* The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=961&st=&pgnum=51 Yaskil Avdi (OC 3:12:5:4)] says it's assur because it might break and you might come to fix it like musical instruments. And he claims the Ben ish chai was chozer. Big discussion what Ben ish chai actually held.
* Rav Ovadiah Yosef (Yabia Omer 10 OC 54:12, and 55) doesn't think Ben ish chai changed his mind and he argues with yaskil avdi because we can't invent gzeiros nowadays. But he concludes that it’s proper to be stringent not to ride a bike on [[shabbos]].</ref>
==Boat==
==Boat==
# See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]]
# See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]]
==Electric Subway and Train==
==Electric Subway and Train==
# It is forbidden to travel in any train or subway which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. One <ref>Chatom Sofer 6:97, Biur Halacha 404:1, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55), VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21.
# It is forbidden to travel in an electric train which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55)ת VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 </ref>
* Chatom Sofer writes that going on a train beyond the techum is forbidden since the bottom of the train is within 10 tefachim of the ground, so it isn't considered above 10 tefachim. That is based on Raavan, Ritva, Bet Yosef, and Magen Avraham who hold that going in a wagon beyond techum is forbidden even if he's sitting above 10 tefachim. However, even according to Yereyim that since he's moving and he's above 10 tefachim he isn't violating techum, he cannot rely on that to go beyond 12 mil which according to many poskim is deoritta. Also, this is only for getting on before Shabbat and going beyond the techum on Shabbat. But getting on Shabbat is forbidden because Rashba holds that there's techum above 10 tefachim since he already has a techum when Shabbat started.
# If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before [[Shabbat]] and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private. <Ref> Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 130) </ref>
*Chazon Ovadia v. 1 pp. 127-130 argues that going on a train is a violation of techum since it is like a wagon and Ritva and Bet Yosef hold that it is considered within 10 tefachim. In Yachava Daat 3:36 makes this point tersely.
* Besides techum, Chatom Sofer writes that going on a train on Shabbat is a biblical violation of Shabbaton, and if it for business it is also a rabbinic prohibition of mimso chefsacha.
*Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 forbids riding on a train or even intracity subways which do not go beyond the techum. His reasons are: 1) It is forbidden to go beyond the techum. 2) There is a concern that he won't realize and go beyond the techum. 3) Since he's moving he can't rest properly and this violates Shabbaton. 4) Since he is renting his seat and a non-Jew is driving it appears as though he asked the non-Jew to drive the train (see Rama 246:1). 5) Going on an intracity train is an issue of public display of melacha (avsha milta). 6) Going on a train is an activity that is designated for the weekday (uvda d'chol). </ref>
# If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before [[Shabbat]] and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private.<Ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 1 pg 130) </ref>
 
==Airplane==
==Airplane==
# One may not travel by airplane over [[Shabbat]] whether or not the plane departs before [[Shabbat]].<ref>Tzitz Eliezer 1:21, Igrot Moshe 3:97, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52).
# One may not travel by airplane over [[Shabbat]] whether or not the plane departs before [[Shabbat]]. However, if the plane arrives after [[Shabbat]] there is some opinion which is lenient, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26) and Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seem to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on [[Shabbat]].
* Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 writes that it is absolutely forbidden to travel on an airplane on Shabbat or even go before Shabbat and land on Shabbat for several reasons. 1) The airplane travels more than the techum and even though it is above 10 tefachim from the ground it is still forbidden since it is for more than 12 mil (Rama 404:1). [In terms of techum, see Seridei Esh 1:99:3 who suggests that it isn't issue beyond 12 mil.] 2) Being on an airplane on Shabbat is forbidden because he can't enjoy Shabbat normally and is a violation of Shabbaton, resting. His precedent is the Chatom Sofer 6:97 regarding trains (see Ramban Vayikra 23:24). 3) Since he rented a seat and the non-Jew is flying the plane it appears as though he asked the non-Jew to do melacha with his property (see Rama 246:1). </ref> However, if the plane departs before Shabbat and arrives after [[Shabbat]] is over there is an opinion which allows it, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26). Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seems to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on [[Shabbat]]. Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 3:161:2 writes that one shouldn't board an airplane if one knows that it will continue to fly on [[Shabbat]]. He quotes Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21, Mishev Shalom 76, and Minchat Elazar 2:106 who agree to this. </ref>
Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 3:161:2 writes that one shouldn't board an airplane if one knows that it will continue to fly on [[Shabbat]]. He quotes Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:51, Mishev Shalom 76, and Minchat Elazar 2:106 who agree to this. </ref>
# If an airplane arrived on [[Shabbat]], one shouldn't get off the plane until after [[Shabbat]], however, if one is unable to do so one should stay in the airport.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 53), Tiferet 248:22 quoting Halacha Brurah 248:11 </ref>
# If an airplane arrived on [[Shabbat]], one shouldn't get off the plane until after [[Shabbat]], however, if one is unable to do so one should stay in the airport.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 53) </ref>


==Traveling in a dangerous area==
==Traveling in a dangerous area==
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[[Category:Shabbat]]
[[Category:Shabbat]]
{{Shabbat Table}}

Revision as of 20:55, 25 December 2013

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Running

  1. One should not run or even take big steps on Shabbat. [1]
  2. One may run because of the rain, a fear, or another extreme need. [2]
  3. It's permissible for children to play a game that involves running because it is their oneg shabbat. [3]
  4. It's permissible to run for the purpose of a mitzvah such as running to shul for davening or learning. [4]

Bike

  1. The Minhag is not to ride a bike on Shabbat. [5]

Boat

  1. See Taking a cruise over Shabbat

Electric Subway and Train

  1. It is forbidden to travel in an electric train which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. [6]
  2. If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before Shabbat and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private. [7]

Airplane

  1. One may not travel by airplane over Shabbat whether or not the plane departs before Shabbat. However, if the plane arrives after Shabbat there is some opinion which is lenient, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi. [8]
  2. If an airplane arrived on Shabbat, one shouldn't get off the plane until after Shabbat, however, if one is unable to do so one should stay in the airport.[9]

Traveling in a dangerous area

  1. If by traveling in a caravan in the desert and one will certainly come to violate Shabbat because of a Pikuach Nefesh (life threatening) situation, according to Sephardim one may begin the trip during the first three days of the week. However, according to Ashkenazim one should not begin should that trip any day of the week. [10]

Taking a Cruise

Taking a cruise over Shabbat

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama 301:1, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:4
  2. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:5
  3. ↑ S"A 301:2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:6
  4. ↑ S"A 301:1, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:7
  5. ↑ Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 42, note 1), Sh"t Yabia Omer 10:54(12), Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 5, pg 56). The Ben Ish Chai in Rav Pealim 1:25 permits it but some say that later on he retracted from that ruling. (Sh"t Yechave Daat 2:48). Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com discusses and clarifies that Rav Ovadyah Yosef's opinion on this topic is that it is not proper to ride bikes on Shabbat.
    • Ashkenazi Poskim: Tzitz Eliezer (7:30:1)- Riding a bike on Shabbat is an issue of Uvda DeChol.
    • Rav Azriel Hildesheimer (siman 49) - Riding a bike on Shabbat is an issue of Choresh.
    • Rav Yitzchak Schmelkish (Tshuvos Beis Yitzchak)- the gezerah against riding an animal was a broad gezerah against all transportation on shabbos.
    • Chasam Sofer (6:97) - Riding a train is a violation of “shabbason.”
    • Sephardi Poskim: The Ben Ish Chai (Rav Poalim 1:25) says it's muttar.
    • Kaf HaChaim (5:404:8) quotes the Ben Ish Chai, but then he says the minhag is not to ride bikes and he brings many reasons why (it might break and he’ll come to fix it, he might ride outside the techum, he might get to a hill where he’ll need to get off and carry the bike.)
    • The Yaskil Avdi (OC 3:12:5:4) says it's assur because it might break and you might come to fix it like musical instruments. And he claims the Ben ish chai was chozer. Big discussion what Ben ish chai actually held.
    • Rav Ovadiah Yosef (Yabia Omer 10 OC 54:12, and 55) doesn't think Ben ish chai changed his mind and he argues with yaskil avdi because we can't invent gzeiros nowadays. But he concludes that it’s proper to be stringent not to ride a bike on shabbos.
  6. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55)ת VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21
  7. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 1 pg 130)
  8. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26) and Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seem to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on Shabbat. Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 3:161:2 writes that one shouldn't board an airplane if one knows that it will continue to fly on Shabbat. He quotes Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:51, Mishev Shalom 76, and Minchat Elazar 2:106 who agree to this.
  9. ↑ Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 53)
  10. ↑ The Rivash 1:17-8 originates based on the Baal HaMoer’s concept that it would be permissible to travel with a caravan into a desert as long as one leaves during the first three days of the week even though it will certainly come to a violation of Shabbat because of a life threatening situation. Shulchan Aruch 248:4 codifies the Rivash as halacha that even when there’s certain violation of Shabbat it’s permitted if one begins in the first three days of the week. [Mishna Brurah 248:26 quotes the Radvaz who argues that if there’s certain violation of Shabbat even for Pikuach Nefesh it’s forbidden to begin any day of the week and the Mishna Brurah seems to side with the Radvaz. However, the Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:5) and Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 5:23(1) rule like Shulchan Aruch.]
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