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Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions

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* This section is from [http://rabbienkin.com/product/shut-hashulchani-halachic-insights-and-responsa-vol-5/ Shut Hashulchani by Rabbi Enkin].
* This section is from [http://rabbienkin.com/product/shut-hashulchani-halachic-insights-and-responsa-vol-5/ Shut Hashulchani by Rabbi Enkin].


==Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur==
===Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur===


#After [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Mincha]] on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should say Vidduy as printed in the machzor (siddur) before Elokai Netsor and according Sephardim after Yehiyu LeRatzon and before Elokai Netsor. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 607:1, Mishna Brurah 607:2, Yalkut Yosef 607:1 </ref>
#After [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Mincha]] on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should say Vidduy as printed in the machzor (siddur) before Elokai Netsor and according Sephardim after Yehiyu LeRatzon and before Elokai Netsor. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 607:1, Mishna Brurah 607:2, Yalkut Yosef 607:1 </ref>
#The Sephardic minhag is to say Avinu Malkenu at [[Mincha]] before Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 453, #44). Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 75. </ref>
#The Sephardic minhag is to say Avinu Malkenu at [[Mincha]] before Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 453, #44). Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 75. </ref>
#The syrian minhag is to wear tefillin during Mincha on erev yom Kippur. <ref>[[http://menachemmendel.net/blog/tefillin-at-minha-on-erev-yom-kippur/]] </ref>
#The syrian minhag is to wear tefillin during Mincha on erev yom Kippur. <ref>[[http://menachemmendel.net/blog/tefillin-at-minha-on-erev-yom-kippur/]] </ref>
 
==The Beginning of Yom Kippur==
==Hadlakat Nerot of Yom Kippur==
===Hadlakat Nerot of Yom Kippur===


#The minhag is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 610:1 writes that in places where there's a minhag to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]], one should do so, and in places where the minhag is not to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should also follow that practice. Shulchan Aruch 610:2 writes that there is an opinion that says one should make a bracha upon lighting candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. The Rama 610:2 and Yalkut Yosef 610:1 write that the widespread minhag in Klal Yisrael is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha.</ref> However, the minhag of the Syrian Jews is not to recite the beracha. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2946 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref>
#The minhag is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 610:1 writes that in places where there's a minhag to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]], one should do so, and in places where the minhag is not to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should also follow that practice. Shulchan Aruch 610:2 writes that there is an opinion that says one should make a bracha upon lighting candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. The Rama 610:2 and Yalkut Yosef 610:1 write that the widespread minhag in Klal Yisrael is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha.</ref> However, the minhag of the Syrian Jews is not to recite the beracha. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2946 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref>
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#If a woman is going to recite Shehechiyanu when lighting the candles for Yom Kippur she should be careful not to be wearing leather shoes at the time since the recital of Shehechiyanu is an acceptance of Yom Kippur.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (Intro ch. 3 n. 8)</ref>
#If a woman is going to recite Shehechiyanu when lighting the candles for Yom Kippur she should be careful not to be wearing leather shoes at the time since the recital of Shehechiyanu is an acceptance of Yom Kippur.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (Intro ch. 3 n. 8)</ref>


==The mitzvah of accepting Yom Kippur early==
===The mitzvah of accepting Yom Kippur early===


#It is a mitzvah to accept Yom Kippur early in order to add from the week onto Yom Kippur. <ref>Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto Yom Kippur called Tosefet Yom Kippur. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). Shulchan Aruch 263:2 brings this as halacha. </ref>
#It is a mitzvah to accept Yom Kippur early in order to add from the week onto Yom Kippur. <ref>Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto Yom Kippur called Tosefet Yom Kippur. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). Shulchan Aruch 263:2 brings this as halacha. </ref>
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*Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a [[mil]] (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does Shabbat start?]]. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like Shulchan Aruch but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy.</ref>
*Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a [[mil]] (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does Shabbat start?]]. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like Shulchan Aruch but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy.</ref>
#Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref>
#Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref>
 
==Yom Kippur Prayers==
==Nighttime prayers of Yom Kippur==
===Nighttime prayers of Yom Kippur===


#If a congregation didn’t say Kol Nidrei until after nightfall of Yom Kippur the congregation may say it. <ref>Rav Avigdor Neventzal in BeYitzchak Yikare on S”A 306:12 because it’s a need for the congregation even though one usually can’t do Hatarat Nedarim on [[Shabbat]] (S”A 341:1). </ref>
#If a congregation didn’t say Kol Nidrei until after nightfall of Yom Kippur the congregation may say it. <ref>Rav Avigdor Neventzal in BeYitzchak Yikare on S”A 306:12 because it’s a need for the congregation even though one usually can’t do Hatarat Nedarim on [[Shabbat]] (S”A 341:1). </ref>


==Yom Kippur morning prayers==
===Yom Kippur morning prayers===


#According to some poskim, the beracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Ben Ish Chai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320),  </ref>
#According to some poskim, the beracha "Sheasa Li Kol Tzorki" should not be recited on [[Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Ben Ish Chai, Vayeshev, 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> Others disagree. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320),  </ref>
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#Some Ashkenazim have the practice to kneel four times including the last paragraph of Hakohanim VeHa'am of LaHashem Chatat.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/885574/rabbi-hershel-schachter/inyonei-yom-kippur-5778-1-tosefes-vidui-letaher-atzmo-baregel-kol-nidrei-seder-haavodah-aleinu-birkas-kohanim-neilah-hadlakas-neiros/ Rav Schachter (Hilchot Yom Kippur, min 46)] citing the practice of Rav Soloveitchik</ref>
#Some Ashkenazim have the practice to kneel four times including the last paragraph of Hakohanim VeHa'am of LaHashem Chatat.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/885574/rabbi-hershel-schachter/inyonei-yom-kippur-5778-1-tosefes-vidui-letaher-atzmo-baregel-kol-nidrei-seder-haavodah-aleinu-birkas-kohanim-neilah-hadlakas-neiros/ Rav Schachter (Hilchot Yom Kippur, min 46)] citing the practice of Rav Soloveitchik</ref>


==Making one hundred Brachot==
===Reciting One Hundred Berachot ([[Meah Berachot]]) on Yom Kippur===


#It’s a mitzvah to smell [[Besamim]] (nice smelling spices) and make the Bracha on them in order to get 100 [[Brachot]] on Yom Kippur. One may make this Bracha several times in the day as long as one had an interruption of thought. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 283) </ref>
#It’s a mitzvah to smell [[Besamim]] (nice smelling spices) and make the Bracha on them in order to get 100 [[Brachot]] on Yom Kippur. One may make this Bracha several times in the day as long as one had an interruption of thought. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 283) </ref>
#On [[Yom Kippur]] even though one can't make a hundred [[brachot]] by himself, it's preferable to have in mind to listen to the [[brachot]] made during the chazara of the shaliach tzibbur. Some suggest that there's no obligation to get to a hundred [[brachot]] on [[Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Rav Chizkiyah Dachvash (author of Shtilei Zaytim) in HaMeor (Vol. 61 No. 4 Sivan 5768 pg. 29) suggests from the language of the Rambam that there's no obligation on [[Yom Kippur]]. However, Mishna Brurah 46:14 (quoted by Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 19:11:3:9) writes that on [[Yom Kippur]] one should have intent to fulfill this mitzvah from the [[brachot]] on the Torah reading and repetition of [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. </ref>
#On [[Yom Kippur]] even though one can't make a hundred [[brachot]] by himself, it's preferable to have in mind to listen to the [[brachot]] made during the chazara of the shaliach tzibbur. Some suggest that there's no obligation to get to a hundred [[brachot]] on [[Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Rav Chizkiyah Dachvash (author of Shtilei Zaytim) in HaMeor (Vol. 61 No. 4 Sivan 5768 pg. 29) suggests from the language of the Rambam that there's no obligation on [[Yom Kippur]]. However, Mishna Brurah 46:14 (quoted by Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 19:11:3:9) writes that on [[Yom Kippur]] one should have intent to fulfill this mitzvah from the [[brachot]] on the Torah reading and repetition of [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. </ref>
#For other details about making one hundred [[Brachot]] on Yom Kippur, see the [[Making one hundred Brachot daily]] page.
#For other details about making one hundred [[Brachot]] on Yom Kippur, see the [[Making one hundred Brachot daily]] page.
===Neilah===
#The Chazzan should make sure to finish Birchat Cohanim before sunset, however, after the fact it can be made with a bracha even after sunset as long as it's [[Bein HaShemashot]] and not certain night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112) </ref>
#The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. <ref>Darchei Moshe 623:2, Chemdat Yamim, page 98 </ref>
#Before neilah, the congregation should recitethe piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the [[prayer]] of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi [[Kaddish]] should be recited. <ref>Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369 </ref>
#Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112 </ref>
#If one mistakenly said "Kotvenu" instead of the proper nusach of "Chotmenu" during neilah one need not go back and repeat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>
#The Keter [[Kedusha]] is recited in Neilah, just like in [[Mussaf]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>
#The congregation should continue to recite [[selichot]] until 20 minutes after sunset and then blow the [[shofar]] so that there is no concern that people will eat immediately afterwards because they think that Yom Kippur has already ended. <ref>Chazon Ovadia, Yamim Noraim, page 376 </ref>


==Prohibitions of Yom Kippur==
==Prohibitions of Yom Kippur==
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#One should not prepare food on Yom Kippur for after Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 611:2 </ref>
#One should not prepare food on Yom Kippur for after Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 611:2 </ref>


==Eating on Yom Kippur==
===Eating on Yom Kippur===


#It is absolutely forbidden to eat or drink any amount of food on Yom Kippur.  <ref>S”A 216:5 </ref>
#It is absolutely forbidden to eat or drink any amount of food on Yom Kippur.  <ref>S”A 216:5 </ref>
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#One may not brush one's teeth on Yom Kippur.<ref>The Pitchei Teshuva YD 98:1 quotes a Tzemach Tzedek 47 who writes that it is permitted to taste something non-kosher if it isn't edible and only rabbinic. Nodeh Beyehuda YD 2:52 seems to agree. Accordingly since a person doesn't swallow toothpaste it is similar to tasting food. See article on [https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-kosher/kashruth-issues-of-toothpaste/#fn118960673450cf4c71832c6 OUKosher.org] and Har Tzvi 95. Regarding Yom Kippur the Mishna Brurah 567:11 clarifies that it is forbidden to taste something and spit it out.</ref>
#One may not brush one's teeth on Yom Kippur.<ref>The Pitchei Teshuva YD 98:1 quotes a Tzemach Tzedek 47 who writes that it is permitted to taste something non-kosher if it isn't edible and only rabbinic. Nodeh Beyehuda YD 2:52 seems to agree. Accordingly since a person doesn't swallow toothpaste it is similar to tasting food. See article on [https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-kosher/kashruth-issues-of-toothpaste/#fn118960673450cf4c71832c6 OUKosher.org] and Har Tzvi 95. Regarding Yom Kippur the Mishna Brurah 567:11 clarifies that it is forbidden to taste something and spit it out.</ref>


===Those Who Must Eat===
====Those Who Must Eat====


#In cases when one needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) one should eat less than a 2/3 of a [[KeBaytzah]] and then wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] (according to some this is 9 minutes) before eating again, and for drinks less than a Meloh Lugmav and wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] or at least Kedi Shtiyat [[Revi'it]] before drinking again. If the doctors assess that this is insufficient (after consultation with the doctor and Rabbi) one may eat as much as needed. <ref>S”A 618:7-8, Mishna Brurah 618:21.  </ref>
#In cases when one needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) one should eat less than a 2/3 of a [[KeBaytzah]] and then wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] (according to some this is 9 minutes) before eating again, and for drinks less than a Meloh Lugmav and wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] or at least Kedi Shtiyat [[Revi'it]] before drinking again. If the doctors assess that this is insufficient (after consultation with the doctor and Rabbi) one may eat as much as needed. <ref>S”A 618:7-8, Mishna Brurah 618:21.  </ref>
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#A pregnant woman who is suffering from bleeding must drink on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 81 </ref>
#A pregnant woman who is suffering from bleeding must drink on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 81 </ref>


==Surgery before Yom Kippur==
====Surgery before Yom Kippur====


#One must postpone a non-emergency surgery until after Yom Kippur in order to be able to fast on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 43 </ref>
#One must postpone a non-emergency surgery until after Yom Kippur in order to be able to fast on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 43 </ref>


==Washing on Yom Kippur==
===Washing on Yom Kippur===


#It’s forbidden to wash oneself in hot or cold water and even to stick one’s finger in water on Yom Kippur is forbidden. <ref>S”A 611:1, 613:1 </ref>
#It’s forbidden to wash oneself in hot or cold water and even to stick one’s finger in water on Yom Kippur is forbidden. <ref>S”A 611:1, 613:1 </ref>
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#A bride for the first thirty days after her wedding may wash her face. <ref>S”A 613:10, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 312) </ref>
#A bride for the first thirty days after her wedding may wash her face. <ref>S”A 613:10, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 312) </ref>


==Anointing on Yom Kippur==
===Anointing on Yom Kippur===


#It is forbidden to anoint even a part of one’s body with oil or ointment even if one is only doing so just to remove a bad smell. <ref>S”A 614:1, Mishna Brurah 614:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313). Nitei Gavriel 46:5 writes that this prohibition applies equally to women as men and references Minchat [[Chinuch]] 313. </ref>
#It is forbidden to anoint even a part of one’s body with oil or ointment even if one is only doing so just to remove a bad smell. <ref>S”A 614:1, Mishna Brurah 614:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313). Nitei Gavriel 46:5 writes that this prohibition applies equally to women as men and references Minchat [[Chinuch]] 313. </ref>
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#Using liquid soap isn't considered anointing but is rather similar to washing. It is permitted to use liquid soap if one's hands are dirty.<ref>Or Letzion 4:12:5 p. 101 explains that the liquid soap is very thin and is therefore more similar to washing than anointing.</ref>
#Using liquid soap isn't considered anointing but is rather similar to washing. It is permitted to use liquid soap if one's hands are dirty.<ref>Or Letzion 4:12:5 p. 101 explains that the liquid soap is very thin and is therefore more similar to washing than anointing.</ref>


==Wearing leather shoes==
===Wearing leather shoes===


#It’s forbidden to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 614:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313) </ref>
#It’s forbidden to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 614:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313) </ref>
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#Even though it is permissible for a child to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur it is better to get them non-leather shoes.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 616:1 writes that children may not wear non-leather shoes. However, the poskim including Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim p. 340) and Minchat Shlomo 2:60:21 write that today since the children don't go around barefoot it is permitted but better to avoid.</ref>
#Even though it is permissible for a child to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur it is better to get them non-leather shoes.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 616:1 writes that children may not wear non-leather shoes. However, the poskim including Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim p. 340) and Minchat Shlomo 2:60:21 write that today since the children don't go around barefoot it is permitted but better to avoid.</ref>


==Interaction between Husband and Wife==
===Interaction between Husband and Wife===


#It is forbidden for a husband to sleep with his wife on Yom Kippur and furthermore, it is forbidden for them to sleep in the same bed. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 615:1, Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>
#It is forbidden for a husband to sleep with his wife on Yom Kippur and furthermore, it is forbidden for them to sleep in the same bed. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 615:1, Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>
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#It is forbidden for a man and wife to hug or kiss on Yom Kippur. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>
#It is forbidden for a man and wife to hug or kiss on Yom Kippur. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>


==Neilah==
==The Conclusion of Yom Kippur==
 
See [[Yom_Kippur#Neilah|''Neilah'']] above.
#The Chazzan should make sure to finish Birchat Cohanim before sunset, however, after the fact it can be made with a bracha even after sunset as long as it's [[Bein HaShemashot]] and not certain night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112) </ref>
#The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. <ref>Darchei Moshe 623:2, Chemdat Yamim, page 98 </ref>
#Before neilah, the congregation should recitethe piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the [[prayer]] of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi [[Kaddish]] should be recited. <ref>Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369 </ref>
#Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112 </ref>
#If one mistakenly said "Kotvenu" instead of the proper nusach of "Chotmenu" during neilah one need not go back and repeat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>
#The Keter [[Kedusha]] is recited in Neilah, just like in [[Mussaf]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>
#The congregation should continue to recite [[selichot]] until 20 minutes after sunset and then blow the [[shofar]] so that there is no concern that people will eat immediately afterwards because they think that Yom Kippur has already ended. <ref>Chazon Ovadia, Yamim Noraim, page 376 </ref>


==Havdalah==
===Havdalah===


#For sephardim, there is no [[Besamim]] bracha in the [[Havdalah]] even if Yom Kippur falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 624:3, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:28, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 384) </ref> Nevertheless, it is proper that after drinking from the wine of [[havdala]] that the beracha on [[besamim]] should be said and then smell the [[besamim]]. <ref>Sh"t Yabia Omer 10: footnotes to Rav Pealim 3:38 </ref>
#For sephardim, there is no [[Besamim]] bracha in the [[Havdalah]] even if Yom Kippur falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 624:3, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:28, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 384) </ref> Nevertheless, it is proper that after drinking from the wine of [[havdala]] that the beracha on [[besamim]] should be said and then smell the [[besamim]]. <ref>Sh"t Yabia Omer 10: footnotes to Rav Pealim 3:38 </ref>
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