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Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions
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===Kaparot=== | ===Kaparot=== | ||
# There is an old minhag (tradition) among Sephardim and Ashkenazim <ref>S"A 605:1 writes that one should prevent the minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:1 explains that the reason for this opinion is that it looks like Darkei Amori (superstitious pagan practice). However, the Rama 605:1 writes that it's an old minhag and one shouldn't stop from keeping the minhag. Mishna Brurah 605:2 explains that the minhag is justified because it's similar to a korban and it's as though the punishment one deserves is taking place on the chicken. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 75) and Sh"T Yabea Omer 2:71 writes that this practice is the minhag of all of klal yisrael and it should not be stopped. </ref> to do Kapparot during the Aseret Yamei Teshuva (ten days of Repentance) and preferably it should be done on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that it is an old minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:2 comments that if there's a concern that having everyone do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning won't give the Shochet enough time to do a proper slaughtering on all the chickens one should do Kapparot a day or two earlier because the entire period of Aseret Yamei Teshuva is a time of atonement. Therefore, Natai Gavriel 10:1 writes that it should be done during Aseret Yomei Teshuva and preferably on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. </ref> If one didn't do it before Yom Kippur one may do it on Hoshana Rabba. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:7 </ref> | # There is an old minhag (tradition) among Sephardim and Ashkenazim <ref>S"A 605:1 writes that one should prevent the minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:1 explains that the reason for this opinion is that it looks like Darkei Amori (superstitious pagan practice). However, the Rama 605:1 writes that it's an old minhag and one shouldn't stop from keeping the minhag. Mishna Brurah 605:2 explains that the minhag is justified because it's similar to a korban and it's as though the punishment one deserves is taking place on the chicken. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 75) and Sh"T Yabea Omer 2:71 writes that this practice is the minhag of all of klal yisrael and it should not be stopped. </ref> to do Kapparot during the Aseret Yamei Teshuva (ten days of Repentance) and preferably it should be done on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that it is an old minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:2 comments that if there's a concern that having everyone do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning won't give the Shochet enough time to do a proper slaughtering on all the chickens one should do Kapparot a day or two earlier because the entire period of Aseret Yamei Teshuva is a time of atonement. Therefore, Natai Gavriel 10:1 writes that it should be done during Aseret Yomei Teshuva and preferably on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. </ref> If one didn't do it before Yom Kippur one may do it on Hoshana Rabba. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:7 </ref> | ||
====What should be used for Kaparot==== | |||
# One should take a male chicken for a male, female chicken for a female, and both a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Some take two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. <ref>Rama 605:1, Mishna Brurah 605:3, Natai Gavriel 10:2 </ref> | # One should take a male chicken for a male, female chicken for a female, and both a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Some take two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. <ref>Rama 605:1, Mishna Brurah 605:3, Natai Gavriel 10:2 </ref> | ||
## A pregnant woman within 40 days of the pregnancy doesn't need to take a second chicken for Kapparot. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:3 </ref> | ## A pregnant woman within 40 days of the pregnancy doesn't need to take a second chicken for Kapparot. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:3 </ref> | ||
## A pregnant woman does not need to pick up all the chickens at once but it's sufficient to pick them up one at a time. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:4 </ref> | ## A pregnant woman does not need to pick up all the chickens at once but it's sufficient to pick them up one at a time. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:4 </ref> | ||
# If one is poor one may use a single chicken for the whole family. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 605:3, Natai Gavriel 10:16 </ref> | # If one is poor one may use a single chicken for the whole family. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 605:3, Natai Gavriel 10:16 </ref> | ||
# If one can't get a chicken one should take a goose or other animal which isn't fit for a korban. Some say one may even take a live fish. <ref>Mishna Brurah 605:4, Natai Gavriel 10:17,19 </ref> | # If one can't get a chicken one should take a goose or other animal which isn't fit for a korban. Some say one may even take a live fish. <ref>Mishna Brurah 605:4, Natai Gavriel 10:17,19 </ref> | ||
# If one can't even do that then one should take money and circle it around one's head say זה חליפתי תמורתי כפרתי and give it to Tzedaka. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:17. Similarly, Mishna Brurah 605:1 writes that if there's a concern that there'll be too many chickens for the shochet to slaughter properly one may do Kapparot early or take money, circle it around your head, and give it to Tzedaka. </ref> | # If one can't even do that then one should take money and circle it around one's head say זה חליפתי תמורתי כפרתי and give it to Tzedaka. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:17. Similarly, Mishna Brurah 605:1 writes that if there's a concern that there'll be too many chickens for the shochet to slaughter properly one may do Kapparot early or take money, circle it around your head, and give it to Tzedaka. </ref> | ||
# Some say that one should preferably use white chickens, however, many say that one shouldn't make a special effort to get a white chicken. Some say not to use a black chicken. <ref>Rama 605:1 emphasizes using a white chicken. However, the Mishna Brurah 605:4 quotes the achronim who say that one should not make a special effort to get white chickens. Natai Gavriel 10:9 agrees and adds that one should be sure not to use a black chicken. </ref> | # Some say that one should preferably use white chickens, however, many say that one shouldn't make a special effort to get a white chicken. Some say not to use a black chicken. <ref>Rama 605:1 emphasizes using a white chicken. However, the Mishna Brurah 605:4 quotes the achronim who say that one should not make a special effort to get white chickens. Natai Gavriel 10:9 agrees and adds that one should be sure not to use a black chicken. </ref> | ||
# If a man took a female chicken or a woman took a male chicken one fulfilled one's obligation yet it's preferable to repeat it with the correct gender chicken. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:11 </ref> | # If a man took a female chicken or a woman took a male chicken one fulfilled one's obligation yet it's preferable to repeat it with the correct gender chicken. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:11 </ref> | ||
====Procedure==== | |||
# When one takes the chicken and circles it around one's head one should say זה חליפתי זה תמורתי זה כפרתי. <ref>Mishna Brurah 605:3 writes that when circling the chicken around one's head one should say זה חליפתי תמורתי כפרתי </ref> For the full hebrew text click [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=6756&st=&pgnum=616&hilite= here] and for for the full english text click [http://www.chabad.org/holidays/JewishNewYear/template_cdo/aid/320228/jewish/Text-of-Kapparot.htm here]. | |||
# When proforming Kaparot a person should think about Teshuva (repentance) imagining that the 4 types of death sentences that are carried out on the chicken should be happening to me. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 76) </ref> | |||
# The minhag is to give the slaughtered chicken to a poor person or to redeem it with money and then give it to a poor person. <ref>Rama 605:1. Mishna Brurah 605:5 writes that if the poor person will be embarrassed to take the chicken because it looks like one put their sins on the chicken then one should redeem it and give the money to the poor but if the poor won't be embarrassed it's preferable to give the chicken to the poor because it requires less effort for the poor person to benefit. </ref> | |||
===Covering the blood=== | |||
# After the slaughtering the Shochet there is a unique opportunity to preform the mitzvah of Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) by covering the blood of the chicken with dirt that was set aside beforehand. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 78), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 227) </ref> | |||
# Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) should be preforming only after the shochet checks his knife to see that it was a proper slaughtering. After the check the one performing this mitzvah should make a bracha אקב''ו על כסוי הדם בעפר. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:18) </ref> | |||
# Either the Shochet should preform the covering of the blood or if the owner of the chicken is God fearing and wants to preform the mitzvah the shochet is allowed to give him the opportunity and in such a case it's preferable that originally the owner should appoint the shochet as his agent in preforming the sechita (ritual slaughtering). <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 78), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 227) </ref> | |||
# The dirt should be designated by verbally stating that this dirt is for covering of the blood of the chicken. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:17) </ref> | |||
# Dirt should be place beneath and above the blood of the chicken. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:17) </ref> | |||
==Shabbat Shuva== | ==Shabbat Shuva== | ||
