When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions
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→According to Degrees
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* However, Zmanim Bhavana also quotes many poskim who accept using degrees including Rav Dovid Tzvi Hoffman, Rav Levi Yitzchak Greenwald from Tzelem, Rav Yakov Yitzchak Neiman (Agur Bohalecha Olamim 1:30, 2:128), Rav Yechiel Michel Zilber (Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 96), Rav Sarya Debelisky. Or Hameir p. 315 by Rabbi Meir Posen also write that one can use degrees since it is more accurate to determine how much illumination is in the sky. He supports this with his understanding of the Gra OC 261 and YD 266, Rambam cited by Bet Dovid, R' Yashar from Canada cited by Tosfot Yom Tov, and Minchat Cohen 2:5. The main point is that really we're all measuring the illumination in the sky at a certain time to determine tzeit. The measurement chazal gave was using the mil because that was how they measured. The primary consideration is whether sky is dark and the stars appear and not the mil. Therefore, if we can determine the darkness in the sky and appearance of stars using degrees and apply it all year and globally that's more accurate and better. The Minchat Cohen in fact allowed following the stars even if it isn't 4 mil even according to Rabbenu Tam. | * However, Zmanim Bhavana also quotes many poskim who accept using degrees including Rav Dovid Tzvi Hoffman, Rav Levi Yitzchak Greenwald from Tzelem, Rav Yakov Yitzchak Neiman (Agur Bohalecha Olamim 1:30, 2:128), Rav Yechiel Michel Zilber (Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 96), Rav Sarya Debelisky. Or Hameir p. 315 by Rabbi Meir Posen also write that one can use degrees since it is more accurate to determine how much illumination is in the sky. He supports this with his understanding of the Gra OC 261 and YD 266, Rambam cited by Bet Dovid, R' Yashar from Canada cited by Tosfot Yom Tov, and Minchat Cohen 2:5. The main point is that really we're all measuring the illumination in the sky at a certain time to determine tzeit. The measurement chazal gave was using the mil because that was how they measured. The primary consideration is whether sky is dark and the stars appear and not the mil. Therefore, if we can determine the darkness in the sky and appearance of stars using degrees and apply it all year and globally that's more accurate and better. The Minchat Cohen in fact allowed following the stars even if it isn't 4 mil even according to Rabbenu Tam. | ||
* Birur Halacha p. 98 notes that the Aruch Hashulchan 261 and Rav Ovadia Yosef in Yabia Omer YD 2:21 work with shaot zmaniyot and not degrees below horizon. He disagrees particularly because in the winter zmaniot hours are shorter and according to degrees below the horizon the sun sets slower than an equinox day. </ref> | * Birur Halacha p. 98 notes that the Aruch Hashulchan 261 and Rav Ovadia Yosef in Yabia Omer YD 2:21 work with shaot zmaniyot and not degrees below horizon. He disagrees particularly because in the winter zmaniot hours are shorter and according to degrees below the horizon the sun sets slower than an equinox day. </ref> | ||
In degrees, the most lenient views use 4.8 degrees, which corresponds to about 15 minutes after sunset in Israel.<ref>[https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/05-07-03/ Peninei Halacha] uses 4.8 degrees below horizon for 14 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem on Tzom Gedalya which is close to the equinox. Rav Tukachinsky in [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=6656&st=&pgnum=82 Ben Hashemashot p. 72] writes 4.5 degrees below horizon for the Gra.</ref> Some use 18.6 minutes in Israel after sunset corresponding with 4.85 degrees and others use 24 minute (Baal Hatanya) corresponding with 6.00 degrees.<ref> Zmanim Khalacha (English section p. 312), myzmanim. [Note, that it seems that this calculation of the Baal Hatanya's tzeit is based on an understanding that he holds we're concerned that sunset is not until 4 minutes after sunset and then ben hashemashot begins, which takes 18 minutes according to Rabbi Yehuda and another 2 minutes for Rabbi Yosi. However, it seems in Piskei Hasiddur of the Baal Hatanya (ch. Hachnasat Shabbat) that he writes that 4 minutes is because someone who doesn't seem the sun dip below the horizon must be concerned 4 minutes earlier when the sun dips below the top of the trees. That being the case there is no reason to consider 24 minutes after sunset, only 24 minutes from the tops of the trees or 20 minutes after sunset.]</ref> | |||
==Halacha== | ==Halacha== | ||
