Anonymous

When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia
no edit summary
No edit summary
Line 40: Line 40:
===Fixed Minutes===
===Fixed Minutes===


*The most standard of these positions is that a mil is 18 minutes.<ref>Based on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim Siman 459:2. Dor Hamelaktim Shabbat v. 1 261:2:2 p. 409 organizes the three approaches to the amount of time a mil takes. The first approach holds 18 minutes. Those who hold this include Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 69:6, O.C. 459:2, Rama O.C. 261:1, Shach YD 69:25, and Halichot Olam v. 6 p. 7. The second approach holds it is 24 minutes. Those who hold this include the Pri Chadash YD 69:26, OC 459. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 36:11 and Chayei Adam 30:9 mention it as one opinion. The third approach is 22.5 minutes. Those who hold that include the Chok Yakov 459:10 and Gra 459:1. See Mishna Brurah 459:15 who follows that approach but in other places he follows 18 minutes including in Mishna Brurah 92:3, 184:20, and 235:4.</ref> Therefore, there are individuals and communities who end Shabbat only after 72 fixed minutes after natural sunset.<ref>18 min/mil x 4 mil = 72 mins. Biur Halacha 261:2 s.v. sh'hu advocates for the position of the Minchat Cohen to follow shaot zmaniyot, seasonal minutes, for the opinion of Rabbeinu Tam, as opposed to the Pri Megadim who held it was 72 fixed minutes. Yet, in a letter the Chofetz Chaim (Dated winter 1916 and copied in [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51651&st=&pgnum=105 Sefer Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 95]) wrote that the minhag of Klal Yisrael is only to wait 72 fixed minutes. Aruch Hashulchan 293:1 also writes that the minhag is to keep 72 fixed minutes. Rabbi Meir Mazuz (Bayit Neeman 1:28) writes that we're strict for Rabbenu Tam but only for 72 fixed minutes and the source for observing Rabbenu Tam with shaot zmaniyot is based on a mistake.<br>This was the position advocated by R' Moshe Feinstein for Bnei Torah (even though he said 50 minutes was sufficient).</ref>
*The most standard of these positions is that a mil is 18 minutes.<ref>Based on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim Siman 459:2. Dor Hamelaktim Shabbat v. 1 261:2:2 p. 409 organizes the three approaches to the amount of time a mil takes. The first approach holds 18 minutes. Those who hold this include Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 69:6, O.C. 459:2, Rama O.C. 261:1, Shach YD 69:25, and Halichot Olam v. 6 p. 7. Rav Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai Shabbat siman 2) accepts this position for calculating the Gra. The second approach holds it is 24 minutes. Those who hold this include the Pri Chadash YD 69:26, OC 459. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 36:11 and Chayei Adam 30:9 mention it as one opinion. The third approach is 22.5 minutes. Those who hold that include the Chok Yakov 459:10 and Gra 459:1. See Mishna Brurah 459:15 who follows that approach but in other places he follows 18 minutes including in Mishna Brurah 92:3, 184:20, and 235:4.</ref> Therefore, there are individuals and communities who end Shabbat only after 72 fixed minutes after natural sunset.<ref>18 min/mil x 4 mil = 72 mins. Biur Halacha 261:2 s.v. sh'hu advocates for the position of the Minchat Cohen to follow shaot zmaniyot, seasonal minutes, for the opinion of Rabbeinu Tam, as opposed to the Pri Megadim who held it was 72 fixed minutes. Yet, in a letter the Chofetz Chaim (Dated winter 1916 and copied in [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51651&st=&pgnum=105 Sefer Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 95]) wrote that the minhag of Klal Yisrael is only to wait 72 fixed minutes. Aruch Hashulchan 293:1 also writes that the minhag is to keep 72 fixed minutes. Rabbi Meir Mazuz (Bayit Neeman 1:28) writes that we're strict for Rabbenu Tam but only for 72 fixed minutes and the source for observing Rabbenu Tam with shaot zmaniyot is based on a mistake.<br>This was the position advocated by R' Moshe Feinstein for Bnei Torah (even though he said 50 minutes was sufficient).</ref>


===Interpretations and Derivatives of Rabbeinu Tam's Position===
===Interpretations and Derivatives of Rabbeinu Tam's Position===


*There are those fundamentally agree with Rabbeinu Tam's 4 mil opinion, but instead of the standard definition of a mil as 18 minutes<ref>Rambam Pirush Mishnayot Brachot 1:1, Trumat Hadeshen, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 459:1, and Rama 261:1.</ref> they define a mil as 22.5 minutes, making Tzeit HaKochavim 90 minutes after sunset.<ref>Gra 459:1 and Zmanim Khalacha pp. 19-20.</ref> Others define a mil as 24 minutes, making Shabbat end 96 minutes after sunset.<ref>96 minutes- Satmar Rebbe (Zemirot Divrei Yoel) and Shu"t Beit Avi (3:117). The 24 minute mil is based on the opinion of the Rambam (Rambam Korban Pesach 5:8 and Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1) described below.</ref>  
*There are those fundamentally agree with Rabbeinu Tam's 4 mil opinion, but instead of the standard definition of a mil as 18 minutes<ref>Rambam Pirush Mishnayot Brachot 1:1, Trumat Hadeshen, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 459:1, and Rama 261:1.</ref> they define a mil as 22.5 minutes, making Tzeit HaKochavim 90 minutes after sunset.<ref>Gra 459:1 and Zmanim Khalacha pp. 19-20. Rav Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai Shabbat siman 2) accepts Zmanim Khalacha's approach to show that the Ramban, Rashba, Ritva, Raah, Meiri, and Shulchan Aruch really held a 22.5 minute mil for Rabbenu Tam.</ref> Others define a mil as 24 minutes, making Shabbat end 96 minutes after sunset.<ref>96 minutes- Satmar Rebbe (Zemirot Divrei Yoel) and Shu"t Beit Avi (3:117). The 24 minute mil is based on the opinion of the Rambam (Rambam Korban Pesach 5:8 and Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1) described below.</ref>  
* Finally, some of those of who hold of a 24 minute mil maintain Tzeit HaKochavim occurs two hours after sunset.<ref>Uvdot V'Hanhagot L'Beit Brisk (Vol. 4, page 54) in the name of the Brisker Rav.</ref> This position is based on the Rambam's position that a mil is 24 minutes and on those who maintain there are not four but five mil for Tzeit HaKochavim.<ref>24 mins/mil * 5 mil = 120 mins. The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1 and Korban Pesach 5:8) holds of the 24 minute mil and that there is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet. Tosfot Pesachim 11b s.v. echad also has the text that it is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet but the Gra OC 459 emends the text of Tosfot to say 4 mil. Those who have 4 mil: Tosfot Zevachim s.v. minyan, Tosfot Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Ramban Torat Adam, Rashba Shabbat 34b, and most of the all the rishonim who agree with Rabbenu Tam.</ref>
* Finally, some of those of who hold of a 24 minute mil maintain Tzeit HaKochavim occurs two hours after sunset.<ref>Uvdot V'Hanhagot L'Beit Brisk (Vol. 4, page 54) in the name of the Brisker Rav.</ref> This position is based on the Rambam's position that a mil is 24 minutes and on those who maintain there are not four but five mil for Tzeit HaKochavim.<ref>24 mins/mil * 5 mil = 120 mins. The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1 and Korban Pesach 5:8) holds of the 24 minute mil and that there is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet. Tosfot Pesachim 11b s.v. echad also has the text that it is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet but the Gra OC 459 emends the text of Tosfot to say 4 mil. Those who have 4 mil: Tosfot Zevachim s.v. minyan, Tosfot Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Ramban Torat Adam, Rashba Shabbat 34b, and most of the all the rishonim who agree with Rabbenu Tam.</ref>


Line 69: Line 69:
*The more lenient positions held that Shabbat ends 24 minutes after sunset in the winter and 30 in the summer in Israel.<ref>Ketzot HaShulchan 93:2. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (ch. 20 fnt. 45) cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as saying that the minhag is to consider it Ben Hashemashot for 25 minutes.</ref>  
*The more lenient positions held that Shabbat ends 24 minutes after sunset in the winter and 30 in the summer in Israel.<ref>Ketzot HaShulchan 93:2. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (ch. 20 fnt. 45) cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as saying that the minhag is to consider it Ben Hashemashot for 25 minutes.</ref>  
* Some say Shabbat ends 36 minutes after sunset on the equinox and 38 in the summer.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=6656&st=&pgnum=52 Rav Tukachinsky p. 51] writes that for ending Shabbat we follow the small stars and for the equinox it was 36 minutes and in the summer 38 minutes.</ref>
* Some say Shabbat ends 36 minutes after sunset on the equinox and 38 in the summer.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=6656&st=&pgnum=52 Rav Tukachinsky p. 51] writes that for ending Shabbat we follow the small stars and for the equinox it was 36 minutes and in the summer 38 minutes.</ref>
*Some say 40 minutes.<ref>Minhag of the printed calendars as recorded in Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 96</ref>
*Some say 40 minutes.<ref>Minhag of the printed calendars as recorded in [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51651&st=&pgnum=106 Sefer Birur Halacha Tinyana OC 293 v. 2 p. 96]</ref>
*Those who were more stringent held that Shabbat should end 45-50 minutes after sunset in Israel.<ref>Dinim V'Hanhagot 8:7 in the name of the Chazon Ish. Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel. Bayit Neeman 1:28 deals with how the oral reports that the Chazon Ish for only 45 minutes after sunset fits with the letter of the Chazon Ish (Igrot 2:41) that seems to advocate following Rabbenu Tam.</ref>
*Those who were more stringent held that Shabbat should end 45-50 minutes after sunset in Israel.<ref>Dinim V'Hanhagot 8:7 in the name of the Chazon Ish. Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel. Bayit Neeman 1:28 deals with how the oral reports that the Chazon Ish for only 45 minutes after sunset fits with the letter of the Chazon Ish (Igrot 2:41) that seems to advocate following Rabbenu Tam.</ref>
'''America'''
'''America'''
Anonymous user