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Transportation on Shabbat: Difference between revisions

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==Car==
==Car==
# If a person is caught on Friday afternoon because of traffic or the like and can't reach one's destination before sunset, according to some poskim, it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to drive them during Ben Hashemashot (13.5 halachic minutes) even if it means going beyond the techum.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 282, Shevet Halevi 7:45. See, however, Rabbi Heber in [http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/89/eruv-shabbos-gridlock/#_ftnref17 Kosher Kurrents (Winter 2013)] based on Rabbi Heinemann writes that after sunset one may not get in a taxi that will exit the techum. For the purposes of bein hashemashot he approximate it to be 30 minutes.</ref>
# If a person is caught on Friday afternoon because of traffic or the like and can't reach one's destination before sunset, according to some poskim, it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to drive them during Ben Hashemashot (13.5 halachic minutes) even if it means going beyond the techum.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 282, Shevet Halevi 7:45. See, however, Rabbi Heber in [http://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/89/eruv-shabbos-gridlock/#_ftnref17 Kosher Kurrents (Winter 2013)] based on Rabbi Heinemann writes that after sunset one may not get in a taxi that will exit the techum. For the purposes of bein hashemashot he approximate it to be 30 minutes.</ref>
# Having a Shabbos Bus run by a non-Jew picking up Jews on Shabbat is forbidden.<ref>Bikvei Hatzoan (p. 34), see [http://hirhurim.blogspot.com/2010/03/shabbos-bus.html Hirhurim.blogspot.com] discussing "Shabbat: The Right Way"</ref>


==Running==
==Running==
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==Bike==
==Bike==
# The Minhag is not to ride a bike on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Or Letzion (vol 2, chap 42, note 1), Sh"t Yabia Omer 10:54(12), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 56). The Ben Ish Chai in Rav Pealim 1:25 permits it but some say that later on he retracted from that ruling. (Sh"t Yechave Daat 2:48). [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2337 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] discusses and clarifies that Rav Ovadyah Yosef's opinion on this topic is that it is not proper to ride bikes on [[Shabbat]].
{{Bike on Shabbat}}
* '''Ashkenazi Poskim:''' [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14506&st=&pgnum=154 Tzitz Eliezer (7:30:1)]- Riding a bike on [[Shabbat]] is an issue of [[Uvda DeChol]].
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=22674&st=&pgnum=90&hilite= Rav Azriel Hildesheimer (siman 49)] - Riding a bike on [[Shabbat]] is an issue of [[Choresh]].
* Rav Yitzchak Schmelkish (Tshuvos Beis Yitzchak)- the gezerah against riding an animal was a broad gezerah against all transportation on [[shabbos]].
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14667&st=&pgnum=65 Chasam Sofer (6:97)] - Riding a train is a violation of “shabbason.”
* '''Sephardi Poskim:''' The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1401&st=&pgnum=56 Ben Ish Chai (Rav Poalim 1:25)] says it's muttar.
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9085&st=&pgnum=310&hilite= Kaf HaChaim (5:404:8)] quotes the Ben Ish Chai, but then he says the minhag is not to ride bikes and he brings many reasons why (it might break and he’ll come to fix it, he might ride outside the [[techum]], he might get to a hill where he’ll need to get off and carry the bike.)
* The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=961&st=&pgnum=51 Yaskil Avdi (OC 3:12:5:4)] says it's assur because it might break and you might come to fix it like musical instruments. And he claims the Ben ish chai was chozer. There is a big discussion as to what the Ben ish chai actually held.
* Rav Ovadiah Yosef (Yabia Omer 10 OC 54:12, and 55) doesn't think Ben ish chai changed his mind and he argues with yaskil avdi because we can't invent gzeiros nowadays. But he concludes that it’s proper to be stringent not to ride a bike on [[shabbos]]. Rav Matzliach Mazuz (Sh"t Ish Matzliach OC 1:35) agrees that it should not be permitted to ride a bike on Shabbat or Yom Tov, even in a place with an eruv.</ref>


==Boat==
==Boat==
# See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]]
# See [[Taking a cruise over Shabbat]]
==Electric Subway and Train==
==Electric Subway and Train==
# It is forbidden to travel in an electric train which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55)ת VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 </ref>
# It is forbidden to travel in an electric train which will make scheduled stops whether it's a intercity or within the city train.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 55), VaDaber Davar (Rabbi Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:21), Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 1:21 </ref>
# If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before [[Shabbat]] and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private. <Ref> Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 130) </ref>
# If one needs to travel for a mitzvah (such as a doctor to the hospital, or a Mohel to a Brit) it is permissible to take an electric subway, where the driver is non-Jewish, majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, and it only travels within the city, as long as one pays before [[Shabbat]] and is let on without giving money or a card. Additionally, as much as possible a person should do this in private.<Ref> Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 130) </ref>
 
==Airplane==
==Airplane==
# One may not travel by airplane over [[Shabbat]] whether or not the plane departs before [[Shabbat]]. However, if the plane arrives after [[Shabbat]] there is some opinion which is lenient, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26) and Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seem to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on [[Shabbat]].
# One may not travel by airplane over [[Shabbat]] whether or not the plane departs before [[Shabbat]]. However, if the plane arrives after [[Shabbat]] there is some opinion which is lenient, but in any case one should consult one's Orthodox Rabbi. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 52). See also VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:26) and Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72) seem to forbid whether or not the plane arrives on [[Shabbat]].
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