Tosfet Shabbat

From Halachipedia

Obligation

  1. One must add on a short amount of time to Shabbat before nightfall. [1]

How long should one add to Shabbat?

  1. From the ikar halacha, one doesn't have to add 18 minutes to Shabbat, however the minhag is to add 18 minutes to Shabbat. [2]
  2. The minhag of yerushalim is to add 45 minutes to Shabbat. However, women don't need to abide by this minhag. [3]

What are the laws of the addition to Shabbat?

  1. It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted Shabbat
  2. If it's necessary to do a Melacha one needs to have a Heiter Nederim, nullification of one's vows before 3 people.
  3. One is permitted to do Kiddish and the Friday night meal before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a Kezayit of food after nightfall. [4]

Accepting Shabbat before praying Mincha

  1. Once one accepts Shabbat one may not pray mincha of Friday but rather one must pray Mariv twice (for Tashlumin). [5]
  2. If one arrived in Shul which was up to Barchu of Mariv on Friday night and one still didn't pray mincha, one should say mincha in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying Mincha. [6]
  3. If the Tzibur did not yet reach Barchu one may pray mincha in the shul even if they will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha, nonetheless it's preferable to say it outside the Shul (if the Tzibbur will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha). [7]
  4. If one accepted Shabbat early and majority of the community has not yet accepted Shabbat one may ask another Jew to perform a melacha on one's behalf. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Yoma 81b learns from the pasuk that one must add a bit of the 9th day of tishrei onto yom kippur. The gemara goes on to compare Shabbat to Yom Kippur. Since the Tosfet Yom Kippur is Deorittah it would seem that so is Tosfet Shabbat. S"A 263:2 rules that there's an obligation of Tosfet Shabbat. https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.yutorah.org/_materials/Tosefet%2520Shabbat%2520Part%2520I.pdf
  2. ↑ Mishna Brurah 261 writes that one should be concerned for the opinion of the Yereyim that Shabbat starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset. However, Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh"t Yabea Omer writes that according to halacha one isn't obligated to be strict for the opinion of the Yereyim, rather the addition to shabbat of 18 minutes is only a minhag.
  3. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata chap 46 note 20.
  4. ↑ Bach 473 writes that one can't have the Shabbat meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam (Shabbat 6:2) and Mishna Berurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a Kezayit of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach.
  5. ↑ S"A 263:15
  6. ↑ S"A 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58
  7. ↑ S"A 263:16, Mishna Brurah 263:63
  8. ↑ S"A 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64
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