View source for Tosafot

=Klalim=
== Jargon ==
# Beyond the surface level understanding of their words, the Rishonim imbued layers of implicit teachings in their words. There is often what to learn from inference, in addition to the basic understanding.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 15), though, his words are somewhat cryptic also.</ref>
# [[Rashi]] is colloquially known as "Kuntress."<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 10), Shem HaGedolim (Sefarim, Kuf, Kuntress Acharon 2).</ref>
# Sometimes Tosafot will argue "Ein Lehakshot" - not to pose a question -  but not provide the reasoning, thereby leaving it to the reader to derive the answer or they find it in a parallel Tosafot.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 11)</ref>
# Even though Tosafot often poses a question with "Im Tomar" and answers it with "Yesh Lomar," there are instances where the question will be asked in the formal manner but left unanswered.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 12)</ref>
# If the primary answer presented to Tosafot's question suffers from a difficulty, an alternative answer will often be offered, prefaced by "הבה מצי לשנויי" or "הבה מצי לתרץ", that isn't subject to the other answers difficulty. This alternative answer, however, is not accepted, as it itself is vulnerable to a much greater challenge, which only the primary answer is safe from. In other words, if the main answer isn't perfect, another, weaker answer that resolves the difficulty with that answer will be suggested but not accepted, because it's subject to much stronger questions.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 19)</ref>
# In instances where two answers are offered without quoting one of the Baalei HaTosafot by name, the second answer will only be prefaced with "ועוד" if it doesn't directly contradict the previous one. If the first answer is by a named Baal HaTosafot, though, then the word "ועוד" would be appropriate regardless of the answer, to indicate that this answer is also from the aforementioned Baal HaTosafot.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 23)</ref>
# In terms of deciding which of two answers to follow, the Sheyarei Kenesset HaGedolah<ref>Klalei HaPoskim 19</ref> claims the first answer is ikar; the Chazon Nachum disagrees.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 24). Matnat Yado fn 52 has a whole list of those who agree, including Sdei Chemed (Klalei HaPoskim 9:2, Yabia Omer vol. 8 Orach Chaim vol. 4), and Taharat HaBayit vol. 3 2 page 551. See also Sdei Chamed (ibid 9:3-6) about if the answers are flipped elsewhere or if only one is presented.</ref>
# Sometimes Tosafot will pose a question with "Teimah" and leave it unanswered but not also "VeTzarich Iyun," because the answer was obvious.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 25)</ref>
# [[Rabbeinu Chananel]]'s rulings are cited as a means of resolving a sugya.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 13)</ref>

== Authorship ==
# It is not uncommon to discover contradictions between comments of Tosafot across different Masechtot. For example, in one place, Tosafot will leave a question unresolved, while, in another place, it will be answered, and stil, in another location, a different answer will be presented and the other one rejected. Each side of that contradiction is in fact representing the opinion of a different Baal HaTosafot.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 20)</ref> Similarly, when two Poskim each associate a different understanding with Tosafot, one could explain that they're referring to different Baalei HaTosafot.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 8)</ref>
# Even within a Masechet, sometimes there are missing comments of Tosafot or comments of other Baalei HaTosafot mixed in, the latter of which leads to contradictions within one set of Tosafot comments.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 22)</ref> Regardless, we try to reconcile the differences as much as possible.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei HaPoskim 25)</ref> The issue became prevalent when printers included more than one set of Tosafots on the page, and we anyway don't know for certain who the authors are to each set.
# The [[Maharshal]] has a well known illustration of how Rabbeinu Tam had around eighty students of incredible caliber.<ref>Yam Shel Shlomo (Hakdama to Bava Kamma), Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 20)</ref>
# The Tosafot commentary on most of the Masechtot studied originates with the Tosafot compiled by the [[Rash MiShantz]], a compilation known as the [[Tosafot Shantz]]. However, our version was abridged by R' Elazar Tukh, whose redaction is known as the Tosafot Tukh and whose goal was to elucidate the give and take of the Gemara, not decide Halacha. Nevertheless, we follow the Tosafot Tukh over the Tosafot Shantz, because the Tosafot Tukh came later.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 14), Shem HaGedolim (Sefarim, Taf 19). For more on the redaction of the Tosafot we have today, see Rabbi Ephraim Kanarfogel's The Intellectual History and Rabbinic Culture of Medieval Ashkenaz (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2012),[http://www.hakirah.org/Vol15Leibowitz.pdf "The Emergence and Development of Tosafot on the Talmud" (Hakira vol. 15 page 143)], [http://www.hakirah.org/Vol18Leibowitz.pdf "Redacting Tosafot on the Talmud: Part I―Sources" (Hakira vol. 18 page 235)],[http://www.hakirah.org/Vol20Leibowitz.pdf "Part II―Editing Methods" (Hakira vol. 20 page 191)], and Tosafot Tukh on the Talmud: A Critical Analysis of R. Eliezer of Tukh's Tosafot Redaction and Marginalia by Rabbi Dr. Aryeh Leibowitz</ref>. In fact, some say that we should follow the Tosafot on the more major masechtot, such as Yevamot, over the Tosafot on smaller Masechtot, because the former are from the Tosafot Tukh.<ref>Yam Shel Shlomo (Yevamot 4:34), Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 22), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 25)</ref> The Tosafot commentary on Chullin is also Tosafot Tukh.
# The Tosafot commentary to Yoma comes from the [[Maharam Rutenberg]].<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 17), Shem HaGedolim (Sefarim, Taf 19)</ref>
# The Piskei Tosafot printed at the end of each Masechet is not always based on the set of Tosafot printed on the page. As such, there are sometimes ideas that appear there but do not appear in the Tosafot. The authorship of this digest is subject to discussion.<ref>Shem HaGedolim (Sefarim, Peh 120). See Sdei Chemed (Klalei HaPoskim 9:8), discussed in Yabia Omer (vol. 2 Yoreh Deah 21:4) parenthetically.</ref>
# Other sets of Tosafots include<ref>Shem HaGedolim (Sefarim, Taf 19) and Menachem Tzion ad loc.</ref>
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Elchanan
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Eliezer MiTol
## Tosafot Gornis, which might be the same as the Tosafot Rabbeinu Peretz
## Tosafot Chitzoniot, quoted by the [[Shitah Mekubetzet]]. We are unsure of the author, but they're clearly not [[Tosafot Shantz]] or Tukh, hence he called them Chitzioniot.
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Yehudah Sir Leon on Berachot
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Yehudah MiParis
## Tosafot HaRav Rabbeinu Yosef
## Tosafot HaRav Yechiel
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Yitzchak MiDofira
## Tosafot Tosafot of the Ri HaZaken
## Tosafot Yeshanim on Yoma
## Tosafot Rav Yisrael
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Meir
## Tosafot Sephardiot
## Tosafot Rabbeinu Peretz, whose commentary is the one on the page in Masechtot Avodah Zarah, Meilah, and Nazir. Hi Talmidim also produced a set on Masechet Bava Kamma.
## [[Tosafot Rid]]
## Tosafot Shitah, quoted by the Maharik, either because the author was unknown to him or because the author wasn't one of the major ones like the Rash miShantz.
## Tosafot Talmidei R' Yitzchak bar Asher
## Tosafot Tamid, based on R' Baruch
## Tosafot on Taanit
## Tosafot Ha[[Rosh]], based on Tosafot Shantz
# There is a debate if Tosafot and Rabbeinu Tam are considered two separate entities or not with respect to Kim Li and other Halachic calculations.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 27), Shem HaGedolim (Gedolim, Mem 29)</ref>
# Most of the [[Mordechai]], [[Rosh]], [[Samag]], [[Samak]], [[Sefer HaTerumah]], [[Hagahot Maimoniot]], and [[Rabbeinu Yerucham]] is based on the Tosafot.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei She'ar Mechabrim 4)</ref>

== Misc. ==
# Chochmei HaTzarfatim according to many refers to Baalei HaTosafot, although some are unsure.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 21)</ref>
= Baalei HaTosafot of Note =
# Rabbeinu Elchanan is the son of the Ri.<ref>Shem HaGedolim (Gedolim, Aleph 148)</ref>
# "Rabbeinu Porat" is the Rashbam's son.<ref>Shem HaGedolim (Gedolim, Peh 2)</ref> 
==See Also==
# [[Raavan]]
# [[Rabbi Eliezer MiMitz]]
# [[Rash MiShantz]]
# [[Samag]]
# [[Sefer HaTerumah]]
# [[Maharam Rotenberg]]
# [[Mordechai]]
# [[Hagahot Maimoniot]]
# [[Rosh]]
# [[Ra'avyah]]

=Sources=
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Klalei Haposkim]]