Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions
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→Mourning Practices on the Tenth of Av
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#During the meal preceding the fast that one eats before sunset after midday one should ensure not to eat more than one cooked food.<ref>S.A 552:1</ref> When determining what qualifies as a "cooked food," for this purpose we do not differentiate between whether the food is roasted or cooked.<ref>Rama 552:3</ref> | #During the meal preceding the fast that one eats before sunset after midday one should ensure not to eat more than one cooked food.<ref>S.A 552:1</ref> When determining what qualifies as a "cooked food," for this purpose we do not differentiate between whether the food is roasted or cooked.<ref>Rama 552:3</ref> | ||
#In addition to the practice many have not to eat meat or drink wine during the 9 days, during this meal one should also avoid eating fish.<ref>S.A 552:2, the M.B 552:6 explains that this prohibition is due to the fact that there are some places where fish is referred to as "meat" which is what the Talmud forbids one to eat during this meal. Additionally, the M.B explains, fish is a type of food that would be served at a royal meal (see Y.D 217:8) and it provides joy to the person who eats it.</ref> | #In addition to the practice many have not to eat meat or drink wine during the 9 days, during this meal one should also avoid eating fish.<ref>S.A 552:2, the M.B 552:6 explains that this prohibition is due to the fact that there are some places where fish is referred to as "meat" which is what the Talmud forbids one to eat during this meal. Additionally, the M.B explains, fish is a type of food that would be served at a royal meal (see Y.D 217:8) and it provides joy to the person who eats it.</ref> | ||
#It is customary to use hard boiled eggs as the "cooked food" as eggs are a food eaten by mourners.<ref>M.B 552:13 and Rama 552:5</ref> | #It is customary to use hard boiled eggs as the "cooked food" as eggs are a food eaten by mourners.<ref>M.B 552:13 and Rama 552:5</ref> | ||
#For those who are capable, it is proper to only eat dry bread dipped in salt and to drink only water.<ref>S.A 552:6</ref> Nonetheless, one need not lessen his eating; rather, one should ensure to eat and drink enough in order that he can endure the fast.<ref>M.B 552:15</ref> Some are stringent to dip the final bit of bread in ashes<ref>Rama 552:6</ref> and to eat it and to declare “This is the Tisha B'Av meal." <ref>The Mishna Brurah 552:16 suggests doing so based upon the practice of Rav in the Yerushalmi in Taanit 4:6 </ref> | #For those who are capable, it is proper to only eat dry bread dipped in salt and to drink only water.<ref>S.A 552:6</ref> Nonetheless, one need not lessen his eating; rather, one should ensure to eat and drink enough in order that he can endure the fast.<ref>M.B 552:15</ref> Some are stringent to dip the final bit of bread in ashes<ref>Rama 552:6</ref> and to eat it and to declare “This is the Tisha B'Av meal." <ref>The Mishna Brurah 552:16 suggests doing so based upon the practice of Rav in the Yerushalmi in Taanit 4:6 </ref> | ||
#It is customary to sit on the floor while eating the meal, although one need not remove his shoes as the fast has not yet begin.<ref>S.A 552:7 and Rama</ref> | #It is customary to sit on the floor while eating the meal, although one need not remove his shoes as the fast has not yet begin.<ref>S.A 552:7 and Rama</ref> | ||
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#In a year in which the 9th of Av falls out on either Shabbat (in which case the fast is observed beginning at sunset on Shabbat) or on Sunday this meal is not eaten. In such a case, one may enjoy a large sumptuous meal so as to properly celebrate Shabbat, only one must ensure to stop eating before sunset (see "When Tisha Beav Falls Out on Shabbat or Sunday" below).<ref>S.A and Rama 552:10</ref> | #In a year in which the 9th of Av falls out on either Shabbat (in which case the fast is observed beginning at sunset on Shabbat) or on Sunday this meal is not eaten. In such a case, one may enjoy a large sumptuous meal so as to properly celebrate Shabbat, only one must ensure to stop eating before sunset (see "When Tisha Beav Falls Out on Shabbat or Sunday" below).<ref>S.A and Rama 552:10</ref> | ||
=== '''Tachanun''' === | ==='''Tachanun'''=== | ||
# Tachanun is omitted at Mincha on Erev Tisha Be'av and on Shabbat Tzidkadecha Tzedek is omitted.<ref>S.A 552:12, there the S.A explains that the 9th of Av is called a "Moed," and thus we treat it as a holiday in this regard by omitting Tachanun as we do on other festivals as well. | #Tachanun is omitted at Mincha on Erev Tisha Be'av and on Shabbat Tzidkadecha Tzedek is omitted.<ref>S.A 552:12, there the S.A explains that the 9th of Av is called a "Moed," and thus we treat it as a holiday in this regard by omitting Tachanun as we do on other festivals as well. | ||
For the same reason, Tachanun is not recited on the 9th of Av proper either (S.A 559:4). </ref> | For the same reason, Tachanun is not recited on the 9th of Av proper either (S.A 559:4). </ref> | ||
===Brushing Teeth=== | ===Brushing Teeth=== | ||
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#Some of the [[mourning]] for the beit hamikdash extends beyond tisha b'av until the tenth of av because although the fires started burning on tisha b'av, most of the burning actually took place on the tenth <ref>gemara Taanit 29a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 558:1 </ref> | #Some of the [[mourning]] for the beit hamikdash extends beyond tisha b'av until the tenth of av because although the fires started burning on tisha b'av, most of the burning actually took place on the tenth <ref>gemara Taanit 29a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 558:1 </ref> | ||
#According to Ashkenazim one may not eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts, or listen to music<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 32</ref> until mid-day of the tenth of Av. <ref>Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 based on Shu"t Maharshal 92. Under extenuating circumstances, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchata 42:16 and Piskei Teshuvot 558:2 allow one to do laundry immediately after the first. Additionally, Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:260 allows one to shower if necessary right after tisha b'av </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat or drink wine until sunset of the tenth of Av <ref>Shulchan Aruch 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10, Shaare Teshuva 558:2. </ref> It is permitted though to shower, do laundry, or take haircuts. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 66, Sh"t Yechave Daat 5:41. However, it is important to note that the Kaf HaChaim 558:6 quotes the stringent opinion without arguing. This opinion is cited by HaRav Mordechai Eliyahu in Hilchot Chagim 29:3. See also [http://ph.yhb.org.il/05-10-19/ Peninei Halakha] especially footnote 1 who makes the same observation that even among Sephardic poskim there are many different opinions. </ref> | #According to Ashkenazim one may not eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts, or listen to music<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 32</ref> until mid-day of the tenth of Av. <ref>Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 based on Shu"t Maharshal 92. Under extenuating circumstances, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchata 42:16 and Piskei Teshuvot 558:2 allow one to do laundry immediately after the first. Additionally, Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:260 allows one to shower if necessary right after tisha b'av </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat or drink wine until sunset of the tenth of Av.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10, Shaare Teshuva 558:2. </ref> It is permitted though to shower, do laundry, or take haircuts. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 66, Sh"t Yechave Daat 5:41. However, it is important to note that the Kaf HaChaim 558:6 quotes the stringent opinion without arguing. This opinion is cited by HaRav Mordechai Eliyahu in Hilchot Chagim 29:3. See also [http://ph.yhb.org.il/05-10-19/ Peninei Halakha] especially footnote 1 who makes the same observation that even among Sephardic poskim there are many different opinions. </ref> | ||
#If Tisha B'av falls out on [[shabbat]] and is pushed to Sunday everything is permitted right after the fast except for eating meat and drinking wine. <ref>Rama OC 558:1. Mishna Brurah 558:3 and Kaf Hachaim OC 558:7 add that some refrain from marital relations on that night unless it is the night of tevila | #If Tisha B'av falls out on [[shabbat]] and is pushed to Sunday everything is permitted right after the fast except for eating meat and drinking wine. <ref>Rama OC 558:1. Mishna Brurah 558:3 and Kaf Hachaim OC 558:7 add that some refrain from marital relations on that night unless it is the night of tevila. It is permitted to listen to music right after the fast on Motzei Tisha B’av (Shaar Hatziyun (558:4), Piskei Teshuvot 558:3). </ref> | ||
==When Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat or Sunday== | ==When Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat or Sunday== | ||
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#One may leave on one's leather shoes until right after [[Barchu]] at the beginning of [[Arvit]] of [[Motzei Shabbat]]. If one is taking off one's shoes after [[Barchu]] one should take them off with one's feet or by only touching the shoelaces so that one doesn't have to wash [[Netilat Yadayim]]. It's proper to have [[Arvit]] of [[Motzei Shabbat]] 30 minutes after sunset giving people time to change from their [[Shabbat]] clothing which they should do 20 minutes after sunset.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 556:4-5</ref> | #One may leave on one's leather shoes until right after [[Barchu]] at the beginning of [[Arvit]] of [[Motzei Shabbat]]. If one is taking off one's shoes after [[Barchu]] one should take them off with one's feet or by only touching the shoelaces so that one doesn't have to wash [[Netilat Yadayim]]. It's proper to have [[Arvit]] of [[Motzei Shabbat]] 30 minutes after sunset giving people time to change from their [[Shabbat]] clothing which they should do 20 minutes after sunset.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 556:4-5</ref> | ||
=== When Tisha BeAv falls out on Thursday === | ===When Tisha BeAv falls out on Thursday=== | ||
# One may take a haircut, wash oneself, and do laundry and need not wait until midday on Friday in order to perform these preparations in honor of Shabbat.<ref>M.B 559:3</ref> | #One may take a haircut, wash oneself, and do laundry and need not wait until midday on Friday in order to perform these preparations in honor of Shabbat.<ref>M.B 559:3</ref> | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
