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Tevilat Keilim: Difference between revisions

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==Beracha==
==Beracha==
# For one vessel the Bracha is Al Tevilat Kli and for multiple vessels the Bracha is Al [[Tevilat Kelim]]. After the fact, if one switched Kli for Kelim or the opposite one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 120:7 </ref>
# For one vessel the Bracha is Al Tevilat Kli and for multiple vessels the Bracha is Al [[Tevilat Kelim]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 120:3</ref> After the fact, if one switched Kli for Kelim or the opposite one has fulfilled one’s obligation.<Ref>Pri Chadash 120:11, Bear Heitiv 120:4, Chelkat Binyamin 120:31, Yalkut Yosef YD 120:7 </ref> Some say that there's a minhag to always recite the text Al Tevilat Kelim.<ref>Chelkat Binyamin 120:31 quoting Knesset Hagedola, Aruch Hashulchan, and Chachmat Adam. He writes that this is also the opinion of the Mordechai, Ritva, and Meiri a"z 75b.</ref>
# If someone is going to be tovel a pot and a cover one should say Al Tevilat Kelim.<ref>Chelkat Binyamin (Biurim 120:3 s.v. shenayim) has a doubt about being tovel a pot and a cover if that's considered one kli or multiple kelim since they function together. He concludes that there's no issue to just say tevilat kelim since many hold to say that even for one kli.</ref>
# One who is unsure whether or not one's utensils were purchased from a Jewish owned company should immerse them without reciting the accompanying blessing.<Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 3:21 </ref>
# One who is unsure whether or not one's utensils were purchased from a Jewish owned company should immerse them without reciting the accompanying blessing.<Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 3:21 </ref>


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# While the immersion of metal utensils is required by Torah law, glass utensils must be immersed only by rabbinic enactment. Glass was incorporated into the mitzva of tevilat keilim because glass and metal share a common characteristic - they are both materials which can be melted and reconstructed when needed. <ref> Pri Chadash 120:3, Aruch Hashulchan Y.D. 120:25 </ref>
# While the immersion of metal utensils is required by Torah law, glass utensils must be immersed only by rabbinic enactment. Glass was incorporated into the mitzva of tevilat keilim because glass and metal share a common characteristic - they are both materials which can be melted and reconstructed when needed. <ref> Pri Chadash 120:3, Aruch Hashulchan Y.D. 120:25 </ref>
# Metal, glass, crystal, pyrex, and duralux require Tevilah. However, plastic, nylon, earthenware, and vessels covered in earthenware do not require Tevilah. <Ref>Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8, Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-3) </ref>
# Metal, glass, crystal, pyrex, and duralux require Tevilah. However, plastic, nylon, earthenware, and vessels covered in earthenware do not require Tevilah. <Ref>Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8, Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-3) </ref>
# Some say that porcelain requires Tevilah.<ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:6) explains that even though some poskim held that it wasn’t obligated that was only because they were discussing porcelain which was ceramic not covered with glass, however, nowadays the common porcelain is covered with glass and must require Tevilah. Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8 writes that porcelain doesn’t require tevilah. </ref>
# Some say that porcelain requires Tevilah.<ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:6) explains that even though some poskim held that it wasn’t obligated that was only because they were discussing porcelain which was ceramic not covered with glass, however, nowadays the common porcelain is covered with glass and must require Tevilah. Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8 writes that porcelain doesn’t require tevilah. </ref> Some say it does not need tevila.<ref>[https://www.koltorah.org/halachah//tevilat-keilim-part-ii-by-rabbi-howard-jachter Rav Jachter] quoting Rav Hershel Schachter because the glass coating is very thin.</ref>
# Plastic or wood cutting boards do not need Tevilah, but those who are strict and do Tevilah for it will be blessed. <Ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-4) </ref>
# Plastic or wood cutting boards do not need Tevilah, but those who are strict and do Tevilah for it will be blessed.<Ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-4) </ref>
# Earthenware dishes or fine china that have a glass glaze must have tevilat keilim without a bracha.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef Y.D. 120:2-3. See Igrot Moshe Y.D. 2:46 who in the context of kashrut and absorption of meat and milk writes that the glass glaze on china is insignificant and doesn't make it like glass.</ref>
# Earthenware dishes or fine china that have a glass glaze must have tevilat keilim without a bracha.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef Y.D. 120:2-3. See Igrot Moshe Y.D. 2:46 who in the context of kashrut and absorption of meat and milk writes that the glass glaze on china is insignificant and doesn't make it like glass.</ref>
# Similarly, jars, bottles, or metal containers which are used only to store food and not used for food preparation or consumption should be immersed without a blessing. Utensils which are only used indirectly with food, such as bottle openers, and the like, do not require immersion. <Ref> Shach Y.D. 120:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:8-9, [[Shevet Halevi]] 6:245:4 </ref>
# Anything used to improve the food that is ready to eat needs tevila include a metal noodle strainer.<ref>[https://www.crcweb.org/Tevillas%20Keilim%20(Jan%202019).pdf CRC]</ref> However, a utensil that only prepares ingredients that are not edible after that stage of the cooking require tevila without a bracha, such as a metal flour sifter.<ref>Rama Y.D. 120:5, Tevilat Kelim 11:150, [https://www.kof-k.org/articles/040108090413W-3%20Tevilas%20Keilim.pdf Kof-K]</ref>
# Similarly, jars, bottles, or metal containers which are used only to store food and not used for food preparation or consumption should be immersed without a blessing. Utensils which are only used indirectly with food, such as bottle or can openers, and the like, do not require immersion.<Ref> Shach Y.D. 120:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:8-9, [[Shevet Halevi]] 6:245:4 </ref>
# Common custom is not to require the immersion of plastic utensils<ref> Melamed Lehoil 2:48 </ref> even though some authorities argue that the similarities between glass and plastic would require it.  <ref> Tzitz Eliezer 7:37, 8:26, Chelkat Yaakov 2:163, Yabia Omer Y.D. 4:8 </ref>
# Common custom is not to require the immersion of plastic utensils<ref> Melamed Lehoil 2:48 </ref> even though some authorities argue that the similarities between glass and plastic would require it.  <ref> Tzitz Eliezer 7:37, 8:26, Chelkat Yaakov 2:163, Yabia Omer Y.D. 4:8 </ref>
# Utensils which one is certain that they contain no glass or metal components need not be immersed.  <Ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:3 </ref>
# Utensils which one is certain that they contain no glass or metal components need not be immersed.  <Ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:3 </ref>
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#Regarding a seder plate if the food directly touches the seder plate it requires tevila and if not it doesn't.<ref>[https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/uMB7I-D--j83ToDAtgSDUaJ7W9Xueqis0nRK-6FfmUm0VSMBZ1qjYLIbZbHenouY882eTH8fEnI5K7DA?startTime=1585587811000&_x_zm_rtaid=5PWyeRatQdGWZ2q1UH7K6w.1585657713810.05dafc99f0c11cb46ffb1a63ddd87e47&_x_zm_rhtaid=904 Rav Willig (min 1)] based on Sefer Tevilat Kelim p. 236</ref>
#Regarding a seder plate if the food directly touches the seder plate it requires tevila and if not it doesn't.<ref>[https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/uMB7I-D--j83ToDAtgSDUaJ7W9Xueqis0nRK-6FfmUm0VSMBZ1qjYLIbZbHenouY882eTH8fEnI5K7DA?startTime=1585587811000&_x_zm_rtaid=5PWyeRatQdGWZ2q1UH7K6w.1585657713810.05dafc99f0c11cb46ffb1a63ddd87e47&_x_zm_rhtaid=904 Rav Willig (min 1)] based on Sefer Tevilat Kelim p. 236</ref>
#Tongs used to do tevilat kelim don't themselves need tevilat kelim.<ref>[https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/uMB7I-D--j83ToDAtgSDUaJ7W9Xueqis0nRK-6FfmUm0VSMBZ1qjYLIbZbHenouY882eTH8fEnI5K7DA?startTime=1585587811000&_x_zm_rtaid=5PWyeRatQdGWZ2q1UH7K6w.1585657713810.05dafc99f0c11cb46ffb1a63ddd87e47&_x_zm_rhtaid=904 Rav Willig (min 1)]</ref>
#Tongs used to do tevilat kelim don't themselves need tevilat kelim.<ref>[https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/uMB7I-D--j83ToDAtgSDUaJ7W9Xueqis0nRK-6FfmUm0VSMBZ1qjYLIbZbHenouY882eTH8fEnI5K7DA?startTime=1585587811000&_x_zm_rtaid=5PWyeRatQdGWZ2q1UH7K6w.1585657713810.05dafc99f0c11cb46ffb1a63ddd87e47&_x_zm_rhtaid=904 Rav Willig (min 1)]</ref>
# A mixer should have tevila without a bracha since it is usually used to mix foods which aren't ready to eat immediately.<ref>Rama Y.D. 120:5 writes that a shechita knife should have tevila without a bracha since it is generally used for shechita and prepare raw meat at which point the food is still not ready to be eaten. An article on [https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-kosher/tevilas-keilim-a-primer/ OUkosher.org] compares a mixer to this case.</ref>
===Disposable Utensils===
===Disposable Utensils===
# The mitzva of tevilat keilim only requires one to immerse those utensils which are intended to be used in food preparation or consumption. Most poskim hold that disposable utensils, such as aluminum pans, need not be immersed<ref> Rambam Keilim 7:5, Igrot Moshe Y.D. 3:23, Minchat Yitzchak 5:32. Or Hahalacha 120:27 writes that this is the majority of poskim.</ref> even if he decides to use it a number of times should do so.<ref>Or Letzion 1:24 writes that disposable containers that you decide to use more than once doesn't need tevilah since it is considered as though the Jew made it into a utensil.</ref> Others argue that disposable aluminum pans require Tevilat Keilim.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 2 p. 56) writes that disposable aluminum pans require tevilat kelimim since they are considered a real kli even though they are disposable. Even if they don't have tumah they still require tevilat kelim since it doesn't depend on tumah as the Mahari Asad writes. Biography Pear Hadar p. 230 by Rav Eliyahu Abittan writes that Rav Ovadia regularly ruled this way. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=145037 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Vayikra 5781 min 5)] said that his father was lenient on disposable pans and even though he wrote they needed tevila he meant it is a stringency.</ref>
# The mitzva of tevilat keilim only requires one to immerse those utensils which are intended to be used in food preparation or consumption. Most poskim hold that disposable utensils, such as aluminum pans, need not be immersed<ref> Rambam Keilim 7:5, Igrot Moshe Y.D. 3:23, Minchat Yitzchak 5:32. Or Hahalacha 120:27 writes that this is the majority of poskim.</ref> even if he decides to use it a number of times should do so.<ref>Or Letzion 1:24 writes that disposable containers that you decide to use more than once doesn't need tevilah since it is considered as though the Jew made it into a utensil.</ref> Others argue that disposable aluminum pans require Tevilat Keilim.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 2 p. 56) writes that disposable aluminum pans require tevilat kelimim since they are considered a real kli even though they are disposable. Even if they don't have tumah they still require tevilat kelim since it doesn't depend on tumah as the Mahari Asad writes. Biography Pear Hadar p. 230 by Rav Eliyahu Abittan writes that Rav Ovadia regularly ruled this way. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=145037 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Vayikra 5781 min 5)] said that his father was lenient on disposable pans and even though he wrote they needed tevila he meant it is a stringency.</ref>
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===Microwave===
===Microwave===
# Some say that a microwave (glass) tray which does not touch food doesn't require Tevilah, and if it does touch food then it requires Tevilah.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K]. Also, Ach Tov Vchesed YD p. 32 writes that if the microwave plate majority of the time doesn't touch the food directly it doesn't need tevilah.</ref> However, some say that one should dip it without a bracha in all cases.<Ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K] </ref>
# Some say that a microwave (glass) tray which does not touch food doesn't require Tevilah, and if it does touch food then it requires Tevilah.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K]. Also, Ach Tov Vchesed YD p. 32 writes that if the microwave plate majority of the time doesn't touch the food directly it doesn't need tevilah.</ref> However, some say that one should dip it without a bracha in all cases.<Ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K] </ref>
===Keurig Machine===
# A Keurig machine according to many poskim does not require tevila. It is preferable to sell it to a non-Jew and borrow it back to avoid any issue.<ref>[https://oukosher.org/halacha-yomis/does-a-keurig-coffee-maker-require-tevila/ OU Halacha Yomi] explains that Rav Schachter holds a keurig machine doesn't require tevila because it would break if it were to be toveled. Rav Belsky holds that there are other reasons to exempt it from tevila but it is better to sell it to a non-Jew to avoid any issue.</ref>
# For the reusable K-Kup coffee filters see discussion page.


==Avoiding Tevila by Making them Ownerless==
#A person should not make his utensils ownerless to avoid the mitzvah of tevilat kelim. In an extenuating circumstance some poskim allow making it ownerless in front of 3 people to use it without tevila. When a person reacquires it he should do tevila with a bracha.<ref>Tevilat Kelim 3:8 and 4:19. In ch. 3 fnt. 14 he cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Mishna Halachot 4:107 that in extenuating circumstance it is permitted to make it ownerless and use it without tevila. [http://www.torahweb.org/torah/docs/rsch/RavSchachter-Corona-1-Mar-24-2020.pdf Rav Hershel Schachter (Teshuva dated 28 Adar 5780 p. 1)] applied this solution during covid and the mikvah's were closed.</ref>
==A Convert’s Obligation in Tevilat Kelim==
==A Convert’s Obligation in Tevilat Kelim==
# There is a mitzvah to dip in a mikveh food utensils that one buys from a non-Jew called [[Tevilat Kelim]]. An interesting case arises when a non-Jew converts to Judaism. Are his pots, pans, and silverware considered as though they were acquired from a non-Jew, requiring [[Tevilat Kelim]]? Or, perhaps the mitzvah only applies when buying utensils and not when the utensils remain in the same domain.  
# There is a mitzvah to dip in a mikveh food utensils that one buys from a non-Jew called [[Tevilat Kelim]]. An interesting case arises when a non-Jew converts to Judaism. Are his pots, pans, and silverware considered as though they were acquired from a non-Jew, requiring [[Tevilat Kelim]]? Or, perhaps the mitzvah only applies when buying utensils and not when the utensils remain in the same domain.  
# Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer YD 7:8) entertains the possibility of exempting a convert from [[Tevilat Kelim]] because this situation isn’t similar to the original story of Bnei Yisrael acquiring utensils from Midyan in which the utensils changed domains and not that the owners have undergone a transformation. Rav Wosner in Shevet HaLevi (4:92:2) disagrees and says that even though the form of [[acquisition]] isn’t identical to the original story, the fundamental transfer from a secular domain to one of [[kedusha]] is applicable to a convert. Interestingly, the Sochachover Rebbe (cited by Yabia Omer) argued that the convert’s undergoing of conversion is sufficient to also convert his utensils and exempt them from any obligation of [[Tevilat Kelim]]. Rabbi Aryeh Leib Grossnass (Lev Aryeh Siman 25) recommends doing tevilat kelim without a bracha because of the dispute.  
# Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer YD 7:8) entertains the possibility of exempting a convert from [[Tevilat Kelim]] because this situation isn’t similar to the original story of Bnei Yisrael acquiring utensils from Midyan in which the utensils changed domains and not that the owners have undergone a transformation. Rav Wosner in Shevet HaLevi (4:92:2) disagrees and says that even though the form of [[acquisition]] isn’t identical to the original story, the fundamental transfer from a secular domain to one of [[kedusha]] is applicable to a convert. Interestingly, the Sochachover Rebbe (cited by Yabia Omer) argued that the convert’s undergoing of conversion is sufficient to also convert his utensils and exempt them from any obligation of [[Tevilat Kelim]]. Rabbi Aryeh Leib Grossnass (Lev Aryeh Siman 25) recommends doing tevilat kelim without a bracha because of the dispute.


==If One Didn't Immerse a Utensil==
==If One Didn't Immerse a Utensil==
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