Anonymous

Seudat Purim: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia
no edit summary
No edit summary
(7 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
# It is improper to fast on [[Purim]] unless it is a fast for a nightmare. <ref> Rama 695:2 </ref>
# It is improper to fast on [[Purim]] unless it is a fast for a nightmare. <ref> Rama 695:2 </ref>
==When should one eat Seudat Purim?==
==When should one eat Seudat Purim?==
# Many Ashkenazim have the minhag to eat the meal after [[mincha]], while many Sephardim have the minhag to eat the meal in the morning.<ref>  
# Many Ashkenazim have the minhag to eat the meal after [[mincha]] but they should be careful to have majority of the meal during the day, while many Sephardim have the minhag to eat the meal in the morning.<ref>  
* Rama 695:2 writes that the minhag is to eat the meal after [[mincha]], but one should ensure that majority of the meal is eaten during the day. Rabbi Willig (“Practical Laws of Observance of [[Purim]]”, min 41-2) explained that the Rama means that the primary parts of the meal such as the bread, meat, and wine should be consumed during the day. Shalmei Todah (pg 317) also explains the Rama this way.  
* Rama 695:2 writes that the minhag is to eat the meal after [[mincha]], but one should ensure that majority of the meal is eaten during the day. Rabbi Willig (“Practical Laws of Observance of [[Purim]]”, min 41-2) explained that the Rama means that the primary parts of the meal such as the bread, meat, and wine should be consumed during the day. Shalmei Todah (pg 317) also explains the Rama this way.  
* However, the Maaseh Rav of the Gra (#248) recommends eating it in the morning. Kaf HaChaim 695:23 quotes kabbalistic reasons for eating Seudat [[Purim]] in the morning. </ref>Some have a minhag to eat a small meal the night of [[Purim]]. <Ref> S”A 695:1 writes that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation by eating a nighttime meal. The Rama adds that at night one should have a small meal. Pri Megadim E”A 695:6 presents different minhagim about having meat at the nighttime meal. </ref>
* However, the Maaseh Rav of the Gra (#248) seems to recommends eating it in the morning. (See discussion page.) [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9082&pgnum=347 Kaf HaChaim 695:23] quotes kabbalistic reasons for eating Seudat [[Purim]] in the morning. Torat Hamoadim 11:6 agrees and adds that this was the practice of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef.</ref> Some have a minhag to eat a small meal the night of [[Purim]]. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 695:1 writes that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation by eating a nighttime meal. The Rama adds that at night one should have a small meal. Pri Megadim E”A 695:6 presents different minhagim about having meat at the nighttime meal. </ref>
# The mitzvah of Seudat [[Purim]] is during the day and not the night, yet one should have simcha and a small meal at night (and make the meal of the day greater). <Ref>S”A and Rama 695:1, Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref> If [[Purim]] falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]] and Sunday, having [[Seudat Shelishit]] isn’t considered as having a small meal during the night of [[Purim]]. Rather, one should have a special meal for the sake of [[Purim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref>
# The mitzvah of Seudat [[Purim]] is during the day and not the night, yet one should have simcha and a small meal at night (and make the meal of the day greater). <Ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 695:1, Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref> If [[Purim]] falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]] and Sunday, having [[Seudat Shelishit]] isn’t considered as having a small meal during the night of [[Purim]]. Rather, one should have a special meal for the sake of [[Purim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 695:3 </ref>
# If one began the meal on [[Purim]] and ate past nightfall, one should still mention Al HaNissim in [[Birkat HaMazon]] <Ref>S”A and Rama 695:3 </ref> unless one already said [[Maariv]], in which case one shouldn’t say Al HaNissim. Some say that one can say it even after [[davening]] [[Maariv]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 695:16 </ref>
# If one began the meal on [[Purim]] and ate past nightfall, one should still mention Al HaNissim in [[Birkat HaMazon]] <Ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 695:3. Or Letzion 4:60:4 writes that as long as one ate a kezayit by day even if the meal continued into the night one can recite Al Hanissim in Birchat Hamazon. Even though the Ben Ish Chai Shana Rishona Chukat 22 wrote that we don't mention Al Hanissim in Birchat Hamazon if it extended into the night, the Or Letzion writes that we follow Shulchan Aruch and Chida. He adds that this was the ruling of Rav Ezra Attiya. Yachava Daat 3:55, Yalkut Yosef (5764, Seudat Purim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Bet Yosef edition, 5776, p. 221 695:9), and Torat Hamoadim 11:5 agree. </ref> unless one already said [[Maariv]], in which case one shouldn’t say Al HaNissim. Some say that one can say it even after [[davening]] [[Maariv]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 695:16 </ref>
# If purim falls on a Friday a person should have the meal in the morning<ref>Rama 695:2 writes that if Purim is on Friday one should have the meal before Chatzot in honor of Shabbat. Mishna Brurah 695:10, Or Letzion 4:60:1, Torat Hamoadim 11:6, and Yalkut Yosef (Bet Yosef edition, 5776, p. 220, 695:7) agree. Mishna Brurah 695:10 writes that after the fact one can still have the meal afterwards.</ref> but if he didn't he can have it after midday (Chatzot) until the beginning of the tenth halachic hour (which is a half hour before Mincha Ketana). After the fact if he didn't have it until the end of the day he should still have the meal then.<ref>Torat Hamoadim 11:6 adds that if one didn't have the meal before Chatzot one should do so before a half hour before Mincha Ketana and if one didn't do so one can still have the meal until the end of the day.</ref>
 
==What should one eat at Seudat Purim?==
==What should one eat at Seudat Purim?==
# Many poskim hold that one should eat bread and meat in the meal.<ref>  
# Many poskim hold that one should eat bread and meat in the meal.<ref>  
* Rambam [[Megillah]] 2:15 writes that the meal should consist of meat and wine. The Magen Avraham 696:15 questions the need for meat. Nonetheless, many poskim including Kaf HaChaim 695:6, Chazon Ovadyah pg 173, and Nitei Gavriel 71:3 agree that one should have meat. Shaar HaTziyun 695:12 implies it’s an obligation. Kovetz MeBet Levi (5758, vol 13, pg 32) writes that having meat is not MeAkev.
* Rambam [[Megillah]] 2:15 writes that the meal should consist of meat and wine. The Magen Avraham 696:15 questions the need for meat. Nonetheless, many poskim including Kaf HaChaim 695:6, Chazon Ovadyah pg 173, and Nitei Gavriel 71:3 agree that one should have meat. Shaar HaTziyun 695:12 implies it’s an obligation. Kovetz MeBet Levi (5758, vol 13, pg 32) writes that having meat is not MeAkev.
* The Birkei Yosef 695:1-3 and Magen Avraham 695:9 write that there’s no obligation to eat bread. However, Aruch HaShulchan 695:7, 12 argues that mishteh is defined by bread. Chayei Adam 155:30 says the same. Nitei Gavriel 71:1 and Yalkut Yosef 695:4 write that one should be strict to have bread. Mishna Brurah makes no mention of it except in Shaar HaTziyun 695:4 where he leaves it as a dispute. </ref>
* The Birkei Yosef 695:1-3 and Magen Avraham 695:9 write that there’s no obligation to eat bread. However, Aruch HaShulchan 695:7, 12 argues that mishteh is defined by bread. Chayei Adam 155:30 says the same. Nitei Gavriel 71:1 and Yalkut Yosef 695:4 write that one should be strict to have bread. Or Letzion 4:60:2 agrees that essentially one doesn't need bread but one should be strict to have it. Mishna Brurah makes no mention of it except in Shaar HaTziyun 695:4 where he leaves it as a dispute. </ref>
 
==If one forgot Al HaNissim==
==If one forgot Al HaNissim==
# If one forgot Al HaNissim in [[Benching]], one doesn’t repeat [[benching]].  However, if one remembers that he forgot Al HaNissim while still [[benching]] one should add it in the Harachaman’s by saying Harachaman Hu Yaaseh Lanu Nissim and continue with Al HaNissim. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 695:15 </ref>
# If one forgot Al HaNissim in [[Benching]], one doesn’t repeat [[benching]].  However, if one remembers that he forgot Al HaNissim while still [[benching]] one should add it in the Harachaman’s by saying Harachaman Hu Yaaseh Lanu Nissim and continue with Al HaNissim. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 695:15 </ref>
Line 22: Line 25:
* Mishna Brurah 695:5 explicitly rules that this is the accepted halacha. This was also the minhag of Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 343 note 78). [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/753214/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyanei_Purim Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org] (“Inyanei [[Purim]]”, min 81-83) explained that one should drink a little more than one is accustomed to, and then fall asleep after the meal. Rabbi Willig (min 42-6), however, explained that according to the Rama one should drink a little, sleep, and then have the [[Seudah]], and drink a little in the meal. Yalkut Yosef 695:14 rules like the Orchot Chaim and makes no mention of sleeping. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in MaAmer Mordechai 64:36 who seems to agree.
* Mishna Brurah 695:5 explicitly rules that this is the accepted halacha. This was also the minhag of Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 343 note 78). [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/753214/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyanei_Purim Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org] (“Inyanei [[Purim]]”, min 81-83) explained that one should drink a little more than one is accustomed to, and then fall asleep after the meal. Rabbi Willig (min 42-6), however, explained that according to the Rama one should drink a little, sleep, and then have the [[Seudah]], and drink a little in the meal. Yalkut Yosef 695:14 rules like the Orchot Chaim and makes no mention of sleeping. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in MaAmer Mordechai 64:36 who seems to agree.
* Rashi [[Megillah]] 7b s.v. LeIvsumei and Rambam 2:15 specify wine and not other intoxicating drinks. Kaf HaChaim 695:6 and Nitei Gavriel 73:2 codify this as halacha. Rabbi Willig (min 44-5) rules that it’s prohibited to have intoxicating drinks other than wine on [[Purim]] or any day of the year. However, Shalmei Todah (pg 326) quotes Rav Nissim Karlitz saying that it’s not MeAkev to have wine specifically. Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 342, note 76) writes that grape juice does not suffice. </ref> All agree that if one going to end up violating or degrading any halacha such as [[Birkat HaMazon]], one should not get drunk. <Ref> The Chaye Adam 155:30 writes that if one knows that getting drunk will cause one to degrade fulfilling a mitzvah such as making [[Brachot]], [[Birkat HaMazon]], or [[Maariv]], one shouldn’t get drunk. This is quoted by the Beiur Halacha s.v. Ad and Kaf HaChaim 695:17. This is supported by the Mieri ([[Megillah]] 7b) who writes that we’re not commanded to have happiness of vanity and frivolity, rather one should have happiness that leads to Ahavat Hashem and a desire to thank Him for the miracles he did for us.  
* Rashi [[Megillah]] 7b s.v. LeIvsumei and Rambam 2:15 specify wine and not other intoxicating drinks. Kaf HaChaim 695:6 and Nitei Gavriel 73:2 codify this as halacha. Rabbi Willig (min 44-5) rules that it’s prohibited to have intoxicating drinks other than wine on [[Purim]] or any day of the year. However, Shalmei Todah (pg 326) quotes Rav Nissim Karlitz saying that it’s not MeAkev to have wine specifically. Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo pg 342, note 76) writes that grape juice does not suffice. </ref> All agree that if one going to end up violating or degrading any halacha such as [[Birkat HaMazon]], one should not get drunk. <Ref> The Chaye Adam 155:30 writes that if one knows that getting drunk will cause one to degrade fulfilling a mitzvah such as making [[Brachot]], [[Birkat HaMazon]], or [[Maariv]], one shouldn’t get drunk. This is quoted by the Beiur Halacha s.v. Ad and Kaf HaChaim 695:17. This is supported by the Mieri ([[Megillah]] 7b) who writes that we’re not commanded to have happiness of vanity and frivolity, rather one should have happiness that leads to Ahavat Hashem and a desire to thank Him for the miracles he did for us.  
* The [www.halachipedia.com/documents/Roshei_Yeshiva_Letter_Regarding_Purim.pdf Roshei Yeshiva of Yeshiva University signed a letter (dated Feb 26 2015)] stating that one should fulfill the mitzvah of drinking according to the Rama. They emphasize that it is incumbent upon the community to ensure that that individuals avoid the risks of intoxication and Chilul Hashem which could result from it.</ref>
* The [http://www.halachipedia.com/documents/Roshei_Yeshiva_Letter_Regarding_Purim.pdf Roshei Yeshiva of Yeshiva University signed a letter (dated Feb 26 2015)] stating that one should fulfill the mitzvah of drinking according to the Rama. They emphasize that it is incumbent upon the community to ensure that that individuals avoid the risks of intoxication and Chilul Hashem which could result from it.</ref>
# If one’s parent tells one not to drink on [[purim]] one should listen to them and only drink a little more than usual. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 19:25 </ref>
# If one’s parent tells one not to drink on [[purim]] one should listen to them and only drink a little more than usual. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 19:25 </ref>
# Women are not required to drink as much. One cup or less is sufficient. <ref> Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 1:458, Moadim Uzmanim 2:190 </ref>
# Women are not required to drink as much. One cup or less is sufficient. <ref> Sh"t Rivevot Ephraim 1:458, Moadim Uzmanim 2:190 </ref>
Line 29: Line 32:
Regarding reciting brachot and davening after drinking see [[Avoiding Davening After Drinking Intoxicating Beverages]].
Regarding reciting brachot and davening after drinking see [[Avoiding Davening After Drinking Intoxicating Beverages]].


==Links==
* [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/56811 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Purim (Hebrew 5773)]
==Sources==
==Sources==
<references/>
{{reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Purim]]
[[Category:Purim]]