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Seuda Shelishit: Difference between revisions
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# This obligation applies even if one is not hungry, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:1. Kaf Hachayim 291:3 quotes the Chida saying that one should really make that extra effort because one would normally would eat a meal friday night and shabbat morning anyway so the afternoon meal is the only one that is clearly for the honor of shabbat, and proves that the first two were as well. </ref> but if one can not eat at all then one is not obligated to pain oneself, as this would violate oneg shabbos. Nonetheless, a wise person will see ahead and leave room for Suedat Shelishit. <ref> S"A 291:1 </ref> | # This obligation applies even if one is not hungry, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:1. Kaf Hachayim 291:3 quotes the Chida saying that one should really make that extra effort because one would normally would eat a meal friday night and shabbat morning anyway so the afternoon meal is the only one that is clearly for the honor of shabbat, and proves that the first two were as well. </ref> but if one can not eat at all then one is not obligated to pain oneself, as this would violate oneg shabbos. Nonetheless, a wise person will see ahead and leave room for Suedat Shelishit. <ref> S"A 291:1 </ref> | ||
==What to Eat?== | ==What to Eat?== | ||
# One must eat bread for Seudat Shelishit, however, if one is very full and is unable, then one should eat Mezonot. If that is also impossible one should have food which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish or at least fruit (cooked fruit is preferable). If one doesn't have fruit then one may use a [[Reviyit]] of wine. <ref> Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 409). Aruch Hashulchan 291:12 says that it is not proper to rely on | # One must eat bread for Seudat Shelishit, however, if one is very full and is unable, then one should eat Mezonot. If that is also impossible one should have food which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish or at least fruit (cooked fruit is preferable). If one doesn't have fruit then one may use a [[Reviyit]] of wine. <ref> Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 409). Aruch Hashulchan 291:12 says that it is not proper to rely on any of these opinions unless one is sick. Tosafot Yoma 79b "minai" says that one must eat bread based on the connection between seuda shlishit and the manna. Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 30:9, Tur 291, SA 291:4-5 all accept this opinion. Rabbeinu Tam quoted in Tosafot Brachot 49b "ee ba'ay achil" allows eating minei targima to fulfill the obligation of seudat shlishit based on Rabbi Eliezer's statement on Succa 27a who says that you can fulfill the obligation for a meal on succot with minei targima. Rabbeinu Yona on the Rif Brachot 36b "Birkat" agrees. The Rosh Brachot 2:13 says that minei targima are foods made from one of the five species of grain based on a Tosefta that says that the beracha on minei targima is borei minei mezonot. Tosafot to Succa 27a "minei targima" say that foods which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish are included in this as well. Rashi "minei targima" there, as well as Rabbeinu Yona Brachot 36b "birkat," and the Ran [[Shabbat]] 44a "v'ika" include even fruit in this category. Shulchan Aruch 291:5 quotes all these opinions and concludes that one should eat bread. Magen Avraham 444:2 when discussing what to do on erev pesach that falls out on shabbat gives several options and also quotes the Shla saying that one may fulfill seudat shlishit with divrei torah. The Rokeach 55 allows one to skip seudat shlishit to go here a shiur in the afternoon. Pri Megadim Eishel Avraham 290 disagrees and says one shouldn't miss seudat shlishit even to hear a shiur, and the aruch hashulchan 290:3 and the kaf hachayim 290:14 agree to this. </ref> | ||
# According to Sephardim one should be careful to have two whole loaves of bread for Lechem Mishneh at Seudat Shelishit. However, according to Ashkenazim, it's preferable to have two whole loaves but it's sufficient to have just one whole loaf. <ref>S"A and Rama 291:4. SA is based on Rambam [[Shabbat]] 30:9 and Rama based on Tosafot Yoma 79b "minei" </ref> | # According to Sephardim one should be careful to have two whole loaves of bread for Lechem Mishneh at Seudat Shelishit. However, according to Ashkenazim, it's preferable to have two whole loaves but it's sufficient to have just one whole loaf. <ref>S"A and Rama 291:4. SA is based on Rambam [[Shabbat]] 30:9 and Rama based on Tosafot Yoma 79b "minei" </ref> | ||
# If one only has one whole loaf of bread and a broken piece one should use the whole one for Seuda Shelishit instead of saving it for Melava Malka. <ref> Biur Halacha 291 D"H VeLePachot </ref> | # If one only has one whole loaf of bread and a broken piece one should use the whole one for Seuda Shelishit instead of saving it for Melava Malka. <ref> Biur Halacha 291 D"H VeLePachot </ref> | ||
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*Mishna Berura 299:1 says that if one hasn't yet eaten the meal or is really starving then one can still eat until a half hour before tzet hakovachim. | *Mishna Berura 299:1 says that if one hasn't yet eaten the meal or is really starving then one can still eat until a half hour before tzet hakovachim. | ||
*Pninei Halacha [[Shabbat]] vol. 1 page 130 quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe 4:69:6 and Yalkut Yosef 291:20 that one has until thirteen minutes and a half minutes after sunset. | *Pninei Halacha [[Shabbat]] vol. 1 page 130 quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe 4:69:6 and Yalkut Yosef 291:20 that one has until thirteen minutes and a half minutes after sunset. | ||
#If one began eating before sunset he may continue after. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1, Aruch Hashulchan 299:3. Mishna Berura 291:2 says that having said the beracha is enough of a start to your meal to allow one to continue afterwards. He also quotes an opinion that this only applies during bein hashemashot but after tzet hakochavim one would not be allowed to continue. Rama says that the minhag is not so, rather one can continue even after tzet hakochavim, and the aruch hashulchan 299:4 says that is the minhag. </ref> However, this doesn't apply if one was only drinking not as part of a meal <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1 </ref> or to eating only mezonot or fruit. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 299:5 </ref> | #If one began eating before sunset he may continue after. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1, Aruch Hashulchan 299:3. Mishna Berura 291:2 says that having said the beracha is enough of a start to your meal to allow one to continue afterwards. He also quotes an opinion that this only applies during bein hashemashot but after tzet hakochavim one would not be allowed to continue. Rama says that the minhag is not so, rather one can continue even after tzet hakochavim, and the aruch hashulchan 299:4 says that is the minhag. </ref> However, this doesn't apply if one was only drinking not as part of a meal <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1 </ref> or to eating only mezonot or fruit, so one must stop if that is all that he is having. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 299:5 </ref> | ||
==Kiddush== | |||
# There is no obligation to do Kiddush at Suedat Shelishit, but it is nice to make a beracha on wine during the meal. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:4 says you do not need to say kiddush for seudat shlishit, and Mishna Berura 291:21 adds that it is nice to make the beracha on wine because it enhances the meal. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 30:9 says that we establish the third meal with lechem mishne and wine. The Tur 291 says that this sounds like we should say kiddush on seudat shlishit as well, but says that the Rosh disagrees because just like there is only one kiddush at night, so too in the day. The Beit Yosef 291 says since most rishonim hold that we don't say kiddush, it is unnecessary, but you don't lose anything if you do. Rav Avigdor Neventzal in the Biyitzchak Yikare edition of the Mishna Berura 291:4 footnote “ein tzarich” says that Rav Shlomo Zalman did drink wine during the meal, and adds that if one person says the beracha out loud, everybody fulfills the rambam that one should establish his meal on wine. </ref> | # There is no obligation to do Kiddush at Suedat Shelishit, but it is nice to make a beracha on wine during the meal. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:4 says you do not need to say kiddush for seudat shlishit, and Mishna Berura 291:21 adds that it is nice to make the beracha on wine because it enhances the meal. Rambam [[Shabbat]] 30:9 says that we establish the third meal with lechem mishne and wine. The Tur 291 says that this sounds like we should say kiddush on seudat shlishit as well, but says that the Rosh disagrees because just like there is only one kiddush at night, so too in the day. The Beit Yosef 291 says since most rishonim hold that we don't say kiddush, it is unnecessary, but you don't lose anything if you do. Rav Avigdor Neventzal in the Biyitzchak Yikare edition of the Mishna Berura 291:4 footnote “ein tzarich” says that Rav Shlomo Zalman did drink wine during the meal, and adds that if one person says the beracha out loud, everybody fulfills the rambam that one should establish his meal on wine. </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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