Sechar Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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The Rabbis forbad receiving wages for (permissible) work done on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Rashi Ketubot 64a s.v. Kesechar explains that the reason chazal prohibited taking sechar shabbat, wages from work done on Shabbat, is based on a concern of coming to doing business on Shabbat. S”A 306:4, Mishna Brura 306:16 and Shemirat | The Rabbis forbad receiving wages for (permissible) work done on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Rashi Ketubot 64a s.v. Kesechar explains that the reason chazal prohibited taking sechar shabbat, wages from work done on Shabbat, is based on a concern of coming to doing business on Shabbat. S”A 306:4, Mishna Brura 306:16 and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:54 codify this as halacha. Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen explains (The Shabbos Home p. 27) that Chazal forbade engaging in any type of business transaction because it might lead to Kosev, writing down the transaction in a journal or the like. </ref> | ||
==Upon whom is the prohibition?== | ==Upon whom is the prohibition?== | ||
# The primary prohibition applies to the one receiving the wages; however, it’s also forbidden to pay these wages (for permissible work) because one transgresses “[[Lifnei Iver]]”. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 306:21, Shemirat | # The primary prohibition applies to the one receiving the wages; however, it’s also forbidden to pay these wages (for permissible work) because one transgresses “[[Lifnei Iver]]”. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 306:21, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:54 </ref> | ||
==What is included?== | ==What is included?== | ||
# It is permitted to receive money on Shabbos for a rental that includes a pre-/post-Shabbos period. The same applies to services performed, that a Jew may serve as a waiter on Shabbos provided he does some set-up before, or cleanup after Shabbos. <ref>S”A (306:4) writes that one is permitted to earn money on Shabbos if it is blended in with payments for the week, month, year, or shemittah cycle. This is known as Schar Shabbos B’Havla’ah, Shabbos payments which are blended in, or literally swallowed up, with week payments. Rav Herschel Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/751485/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Doing_Business_on_Shabbat_%E2%80%93_Schar_Shabbat Doing Business on Shabbos – Schar Shabbos] min. 43-45) explains that Havla’ah is when the unit that is paid is larger than Shabbos. If one were to pay an hourly rate, any hours charged on Shabbos would be Schar Shabbos. But if one pays a flat rate which includes services not performed on Shabbos, this would be permitted because of Schar Shabbos B’Havla’ah. </ref> | # It is permitted to receive money on Shabbos for a rental that includes a pre-/post-Shabbos period. The same applies to services performed, that a Jew may serve as a waiter on Shabbos provided he does some set-up before, or cleanup after Shabbos. <ref>S”A (306:4) writes that one is permitted to earn money on Shabbos if it is blended in with payments for the week, month, year, or shemittah cycle. This is known as Schar Shabbos B’Havla’ah, Shabbos payments which are blended in, or literally swallowed up, with week payments. Rav Herschel Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/751485/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Doing_Business_on_Shabbat_%E2%80%93_Schar_Shabbat Doing Business on Shabbos – Schar Shabbos] min. 43-45) explains that Havla’ah is when the unit that is paid is larger than Shabbos. If one were to pay an hourly rate, any hours charged on Shabbos would be Schar Shabbos. But if one pays a flat rate which includes services not performed on Shabbos, this would be permitted because of Schar Shabbos B’Havla’ah. </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to receive payment for any service or rental over [[Shabbat]] (such as renting one's house for a specific number of days). However, if one purchases something on [[Shabbat]] (in cases where it’s permissible) one must pay the amount owed after [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 306:19, Shemirat | # It’s forbidden to receive payment for any service or rental over [[Shabbat]] (such as renting one's house for a specific number of days). However, if one purchases something on [[Shabbat]] (in cases where it’s permissible) one must pay the amount owed after [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 306:19, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:57 </ref> | ||
# One may not receive payment for renting out a room for [[Shabbat]] specifically, rather one should stipulate that the rental should begin a little before [[Shabbat]] or a little after [[Shabbat]] and certainly for a few days amongst them [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat | # One may not receive payment for renting out a room for [[Shabbat]] specifically, rather one should stipulate that the rental should begin a little before [[Shabbat]] or a little after [[Shabbat]] and certainly for a few days amongst them [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:71 </ref> | ||
# One may rent out a car even if the rental is paid per day and includes [[Shabbat]] because the rental is paid for every 24 hour day from morning to morning and automatically in the payment for [[Shabbat]] is also a few hours after [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat | # One may rent out a car even if the rental is paid per day and includes [[Shabbat]] because the rental is paid for every 24 hour day from morning to morning and automatically in the payment for [[Shabbat]] is also a few hours after [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:67 </ref> | ||
==Permissible way to receive payment== | ==Permissible way to receive payment== | ||
# It is permissible to receive payment for work done over a period of time such as a month, week, or year even if [[Shabbat]] is included. <Ref> Rambam Shabbat 6:25, Rosh Ketubot 5:37, S”A 306:4, Shemirat | # It is permissible to receive payment for work done over a period of time such as a month, week, or year even if [[Shabbat]] is included. <Ref> Rambam Shabbat 6:25, Rosh Ketubot 5:37, S”A 306:4, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:64. The Braisa (Bava Metzia 58a) writes that one who hires a worker to guard, cannot pay him Sachar Shabbos, therefore the guard is not responsible for Shabbos. If he was hired for the week, month, year or Shemitah cycle, he can be paid for the whole period, including Shabbos, therefore, he is responsible for Shabbos. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita 28:64 in the footnote explains that the gezerah is only because one may could to write down the transaction and the Rabbis didn’t extend it to a case where one receives wages over a period of time because one will not come to write about the transaction of [[Shabbat]] specifically). </ref> According to Ashkenazim, this is only true if each side sees it as an agreement which is intended to last, however, if it’s seen as a temporary agreement and the either side could retract and only pay wages for each day, it’s not permissible to receive wages for the [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Rama 306:4, Mishna Brurah 306:20, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:64 </ref> | ||
===Baby sitter=== | ===Baby sitter=== | ||
# Someone watching children every [[Shabbat]] can receive the wages as a gift. <ref> Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:103 </ref> | # Someone watching children every [[Shabbat]] can receive the wages as a gift. <ref> Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:103 </ref> | ||
===Doctor=== | ===Doctor=== | ||
# A doctor can receive wages for a call he did on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 1:214, Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:102, Shemirat | # A doctor can receive wages for a call he did on [[Shabbat]].<Ref>Mahari Bruna 114, Shaarei Knesset Hagedola (Hagahot Bet Yosef 306:3), Mishna Brurah 306:24, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 1:214, Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:102, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 28:67, Menuchat Ahava 10:28, Kaf Hachaim 306:36, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2012 Rabbi Eli Mansour] on dailyhalacha.com. The primary reason of the Mahari Bruna is that it is a mitzvah of pikuach nefesh to save a life on Shabbat. If so, says the Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 28 fnt. 155, it would comes out that there's no bracha in that salary. If it is done in a way that the wage for that procedure included work done before or after Shabbat then it would be permitted and there would be a bracha in that salary. The Mahari Bruna also adds that we should pay them so that they don't delay in doing their job. Dor Hamelaktim v. 2 p. 1312 quotes Rav Sheinberg (Chidushei Batra 306:24) who left the question of whether there is a siman bracha for a doctor to take wages for his work on Shabbat as an unresolved question unless it includes work before and after Shabbat. </ref> | ||
===Chazzan, Bal Koreh, Mashgiach=== | ===Chazzan, Bal Koreh, Mashgiach=== | ||
# A chazzan, bal koreh, or mashgiach who are only working on [[Shabbat]] can receive wages, but it’s better that it’s mixed with payment for some work done on a weekday. <Ref> | # A chazzan, bal koreh, or mashgiach who are only working on [[Shabbat]] can receive wages, but it’s better that it’s mixed with payment for some work done on a weekday. <Ref> | ||
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==Paying for services== | ==Paying for services== | ||
# One can pay (after [[Shabbat]]) for going into a mikveh on [[shabbat]], or staying at a hotel on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Sh”t Nodeh Beyehuda O”C 26, Sh”T Mishnat Halachot 10:65 since the work to prepare the mikveh before [[Shabbat]] and cleaning it after [[Shabbat]] is enough so that the payment is considered mixed with permitted payment. Concerning the hotel, so rule Sh”t HaElef Lecha Shlomo 125 since it’s payment for the stay mixed with payment for cleaning the room before and after [[Shabbat]]. see also [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2012 Rabbi Eli Mansour] regarding hotel</ref> | # One can pay (after [[Shabbat]]) for going into a mikveh on [[shabbat]], or staying at a hotel on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Sh”t Nodeh Beyehuda O”C 26, Sh”T Mishnat Halachot 10:65 since the work to prepare the mikveh before [[Shabbat]] and cleaning it after [[Shabbat]] is enough so that the payment is considered mixed with permitted payment. Concerning the hotel, so rule Sh”t HaElef Lecha Shlomo 125 since it’s payment for the stay mixed with payment for cleaning the room before and after [[Shabbat]]. see also [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2012 Rabbi Eli Mansour] regarding hotel</ref> | ||
# One can pay for a ticket to the zoo before [[Shabbat]] for a visit on [[Shabbat]] (this is only in terms of wages on [[Shabbat]], but in terms of kedushat [[Shabbat]] it’s preferable to sanctify [[Shabbat]] with Torah and mitzvoth). <Ref> Shemirat | # One can pay for a ticket to the zoo before [[Shabbat]] for a visit on [[Shabbat]] (this is only in terms of wages on [[Shabbat]], but in terms of kedushat [[Shabbat]] it’s preferable to sanctify [[Shabbat]] with Torah and mitzvoth). <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 28:65 </ref> | ||
# One can switch a rotation of a guard or cleaning duty to work on [[Shabbat]] instead of a weekday. <Ref> Shemirat | # One can switch a rotation of a guard or cleaning duty to work on [[Shabbat]] instead of a weekday. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 28:55 the work he’s doing isn’t for a wage but just to exempt himself from working another day. </ref> | ||
==Interest over Shabbat== | ==Interest over Shabbat== | ||
# Interest in a bank accrued on [[Shabbat]] is permitted. <Ref> [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 20:8. [The Mishna Brurah 306:19 writes that one may not take interest from a non-Jew for money lent for [[Shabbat]] unless one doesn’t specify a number of days but only a number of weeks.] see Bayit Hayehudi 5:22(11) and BeYitzchak Yikareh on Mishna Brurah 306:19 </ref> | # Interest in a bank accrued on [[Shabbat]] is permitted. <Ref> [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 20:8. [The Mishna Brurah 306:19 writes that one may not take interest from a non-Jew for money lent for [[Shabbat]] unless one doesn’t specify a number of days but only a number of weeks.] see Bayit Hayehudi 5:22(11) and BeYitzchak Yikareh on Mishna Brurah 306:19 </ref> | ||
==Doctors and Nurses== | |||
#It is permitted for a doctor or nurse to take wages for their work on Shabbos since it is a mitzvah and additionally, it is important that doctors are encouraged to save lives even on Shabbos. Ideally, the wages should include post-op care done after Shabbat.<ref>Mishna Brurah 306:24, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 28:75. [[Asicha_Hilchos_Shabbos_Part_2| Rav Willig (Asicha Shabbos 2 p. 12)]] said that it is permitted to keep the money. He added though that if someone doesn’t want it on their conscience that they’re making money on Shabbos they can give the money to [[tzedakah]].</ref> | |||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
