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Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia
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===Keeping the Shofar Covered===
===Keeping the Shofar Covered===


#There is a minhag to keep the Shofar covered while it is not being used, including while the berachot on the shofar are being recited.<ref>Bei'ur Heitev Orach Chaim, end of Siman 593, see also Kitzur Shnei Luchot HaBrit, Kaf HaChaim Siman Katan 14. </ref><ref>There are two main reasons for this minhag, one rooted in basic Halacha and one rooted in the mystical realms of the Torah. </ref> With this said, the Ba'al Tokeah should hold the shofar in his hand under the cover while he is making the berachot. <ref>Kaf HaChaim Siman Katan 14 in the name of the Ben Ish Chai. The sefer Zeh HaShulchan (Siman 593) cites this as the minhag of various Gedolim and Tzaddikim.  
#There is a minhag to keep the Shofar covered while it is not being used, including while the berachot on the shofar are being recited.<ref>Bei'ur Heitev Orach Chaim, end of Siman 593, see also Kitzur Shnei Luchot HaBrit, Kaf HaChaim Siman Katan 14. </ref><ref>There are two main reasons for this minhag, one rooted in fundamental Halacha (Torat Nigleh) and one rooted in Kabbalah (Torat Nistar). Shu"t Avnei Nezer (Siman 431), based on the Rambam, states that the main mitzvah is to hear the sound of the Shofar (l'ishmoa kol Shofar) and that one should cover the Shofar during the berachot so that the Shofar does not see its embarrassment that the beracha is on the sound and not on the body of the shofar itself- a similar logic as to why one covers the Challah from the beginning Kiddush on Shabbat until HaMotzei. The Elef HaMagen (Siman Katan 7) explains in the name of the Rada"l's introduction to the Zohar that the sounding of the Shofar corresponds to the Akeidah, when, according the Midrash, Avraham hid Yitzchak so Yitzchak would not injure himself with the knife and become blemished, rendering himself unfit to be slaughtered at the Akeidah. Therefore, covering the Shofar is a remembrance to this aspect of the Akeidah. Finally, the Likutei MaHari'ach posits that one should cover the Shofar so the Satan does not power over it. </ref> With this said, the Ba'al Tokeah should hold the shofar in his hand under the cover while he is making the berachot. <ref>Kaf HaChaim Siman Katan 14 in the name of the Ben Ish Chai. The sefer Zeh HaShulchan (Siman 593) cites this as the minhag of various Gedolim and Tzaddikim.  


See also Siddur Yaivet"z, Elef HaMagen Siman Katan 7.</ref>
See also Siddur Yaivet"z, Elef HaMagen Siman Katan 7.</ref>
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===Which Foods===
===Which Foods===
# These fruits and vegetables include: dates, pomegranates, beets, gourd, black eyed peas, and fish head.<ref>Horayot 12a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 583:1, Torat HaMoadim 4:1</ref> Some add apples in honey.<ref>Rama Orach Chaim 583:1</ref>
 
#These fruits and vegetables include: dates, pomegranates, beets, gourd, black eyed peas, and fish head.<ref>Horayot 12a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 583:1, Torat HaMoadim 4:1</ref> Some add apples in honey.<ref>Rama Orach Chaim 583:1</ref>
#There is a minhag of dipping the [[challah]] in honey on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Magen Avraham 583:1, Mishna Brurah 583:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 129:9. Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1) says they did this from Rosh Hashanah until the end of Sukkot.</ref>Some only dip the [[challah]] in honey<ref>Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209, n. 17) writes that the Chazon Ish and Stiepler's practice was to eat [[challah]] without salt on Rosh Hashana. See there for other sources on this matter. </ref>, while others dip the [[challah]] in salt as well as honey.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 583:4. See Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209) for different minhagim about whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt on the same side as it is dipped in honey or on the other side. See there also for a difference in minhagim whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt before dipping it in honey or afterwards. </ref>
#There is a minhag of dipping the [[challah]] in honey on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Magen Avraham 583:1, Mishna Brurah 583:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 129:9. Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1) says they did this from Rosh Hashanah until the end of Sukkot.</ref>Some only dip the [[challah]] in honey<ref>Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209, n. 17) writes that the Chazon Ish and Stiepler's practice was to eat [[challah]] without salt on Rosh Hashana. See there for other sources on this matter. </ref>, while others dip the [[challah]] in salt as well as honey.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 583:4. See Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209) for different minhagim about whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt on the same side as it is dipped in honey or on the other side. See there also for a difference in minhagim whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt before dipping it in honey or afterwards. </ref>
#Some avoid eating walnuts ("Egoz") on Rosh Hashanah, as אגוז is the same Gemtria as חטא (sin).<ref>Rama Orach Chaim 583:2</ref>
#Some avoid eating walnuts ("Egoz") on Rosh Hashanah, as אגוז is the same Gemtria as חטא (sin).<ref>Rama Orach Chaim 583:2</ref>
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===Order of Simanim===
===Order of Simanim===
# If one is eating dates and other fruits, one should make a HaEitz on the dates because they’re from the seven species with which Eretz Yisrael is praised.<ref>Halichot Shlomo (1:17) writes that one should make the HaEitz upon the dates because they’re from the seven species with which Eretz Yisrael was praised and they come before pomegranates on that list (see Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 211:4). Ben Ish Chai (Nitzavim #4) and Nitei Gavriel 29:4 agree. Kaf HaChaim 583:13 records the practice of some people to make a HaEitz on the apple to exempt the dates. He explains that perhaps they brought out the apple first, and in such a case, one need not wait for the dates to come out to make the bracha upon them. Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 583:1 fn. 472) reports how the [[Moroccan]] custom is to have the apples first and recite HaEtz on them, and that all the Machzorim list the Simanim that way. He argues that it's not an issue of Kedimah, because one doesn't really want to eat both the apple and the dates right now. This, he says, resolves Rav Shlomo Zalman's issue. Rivevot Efraim 8:558:3 writes that after making HaEitz on the dates, one may eat the apples prior to the pomegranates because the rules of precedence apply only regarding the Bracha, not regarding when each food should be eaten.</ref>
 
#If one is eating dates and other fruits, one should make a HaEitz on the dates because they’re from the seven species with which Eretz Yisrael is praised.<ref>Halichot Shlomo (1:17) writes that one should make the HaEitz upon the dates because they’re from the seven species with which Eretz Yisrael was praised and they come before pomegranates on that list (see Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 211:4). Ben Ish Chai (Nitzavim #4) and Nitei Gavriel 29:4 agree. Kaf HaChaim 583:13 records the practice of some people to make a HaEitz on the apple to exempt the dates. He explains that perhaps they brought out the apple first, and in such a case, one need not wait for the dates to come out to make the bracha upon them. Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 583:1 fn. 472) reports how the [[Moroccan]] custom is to have the apples first and recite HaEtz on them, and that all the Machzorim list the Simanim that way. He argues that it's not an issue of Kedimah, because one doesn't really want to eat both the apple and the dates right now. This, he says, resolves Rav Shlomo Zalman's issue. Rivevot Efraim 8:558:3 writes that after making HaEitz on the dates, one may eat the apples prior to the pomegranates because the rules of precedence apply only regarding the Bracha, not regarding when each food should be eaten.</ref>
#Some say that one doesn’t make a HaAdama on vegetables during the meal.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (p. 98) writes that one shouldn’t make a Bracha upon the cooked vegetables because they’re considered as part of the meal. Halichot Shlomo (1:18), however, writes that one should make a HaAdama upon the gourd and exempt the other vegetables. To avoid all doubt, Nitei Gavriel 29:18 writes that one should make a HaAdama on a banana. Chut Shani (Rosh Hashana p. 48) agrees. It is noteworthy to mention that Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 211:2 rules that when eating a food which is HaEitz and a food which is HaAdama one should make the bracha on the food which one prefers first.</ref>
#Some say that one doesn’t make a HaAdama on vegetables during the meal.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (p. 98) writes that one shouldn’t make a Bracha upon the cooked vegetables because they’re considered as part of the meal. Halichot Shlomo (1:18), however, writes that one should make a HaAdama upon the gourd and exempt the other vegetables. To avoid all doubt, Nitei Gavriel 29:18 writes that one should make a HaAdama on a banana. Chut Shani (Rosh Hashana p. 48) agrees. It is noteworthy to mention that Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 211:2 rules that when eating a food which is HaEitz and a food which is HaAdama one should make the bracha on the food which one prefers first.</ref>


===When to Recite the Yehi Ratzon===
===When to Recite the Yehi Ratzon===


# Some have the custom to recite the Beracha on the Siman, then the Yehi Ratzon, and then eat.<ref>Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1) notes how this is the [[Morrocan]] Minhag and not an issue of Hefsek, since the Yehi Ratzon is for the purpose of eating.</ref> Others argue that doing so is an unwarranted interruption, so one should instead recite the Bracha of HaEitz, eat a little of the fruit, then make the Yehi Ratzon before continuing to eat,<ref>Magen Avraham 583:2 quotes the Magalei Tzedek as saying that one should say the Yehi Ratzon in between the Bracha and eating. He explains that the Yehi Ratzon is a prerequisite for eating and thus does not constitute an interruption. The Magen Avraham, however, argues that it’s not such a requirement to say the Yehi Ratzon, and as such it is preferable to say the Yehi Ratzon after taking a bite. Mishna Brurah 583:4 and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93) agree with the Magen Avraham. [https://itorah.com/pdf/halachot-on-the-holiday-of-rosh-hashana/3 Rabbi Eli Mansour] writes this as well. </ref> while others hold that one should say the Yehi Ratzon prior to the Bracha.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter (quoted in Halachipedia Article 5773 #3) said that it makes sense to say the Yehi Ratzon before the Bracha so that the Yehi Ratzon can function as a [[Tefilla]] and the eating as an action enhancing the [[Tefilla]]. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 agrees. See Chazon Ovadyah (pg. 93) who quotes the Chemdat Yamim who argues that one shouldn’t say the Yehi Ratzon prior to the Bracha because that is a violation of asking for one’s personal needs before praising Hashem (See Gemara [[Brachot]] 32a).</ref>
#Some have the custom to recite the Beracha on the Siman, then the Yehi Ratzon, and then eat.<ref>Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1) notes how this is the [[Morrocan]] Minhag and not an issue of Hefsek, since the Yehi Ratzon is for the purpose of eating.</ref> Others argue that doing so is an unwarranted interruption, so one should instead recite the Bracha of HaEitz, eat a little of the fruit, then make the Yehi Ratzon before continuing to eat,<ref>Magen Avraham 583:2 quotes the Magalei Tzedek as saying that one should say the Yehi Ratzon in between the Bracha and eating. He explains that the Yehi Ratzon is a prerequisite for eating and thus does not constitute an interruption. The Magen Avraham, however, argues that it’s not such a requirement to say the Yehi Ratzon, and as such it is preferable to say the Yehi Ratzon after taking a bite. Mishna Brurah 583:4 and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93) agree with the Magen Avraham. [https://itorah.com/pdf/halachot-on-the-holiday-of-rosh-hashana/3 Rabbi Eli Mansour] writes this as well. </ref> while others hold that one should say the Yehi Ratzon prior to the Bracha.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter (quoted in Halachipedia Article 5773 #3) said that it makes sense to say the Yehi Ratzon before the Bracha so that the Yehi Ratzon can function as a [[Tefilla]] and the eating as an action enhancing the [[Tefilla]]. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 agrees. See Chazon Ovadyah (pg. 93) who quotes the Chemdat Yamim who argues that one shouldn’t say the Yehi Ratzon prior to the Bracha because that is a violation of asking for one’s personal needs before praising Hashem (See Gemara [[Brachot]] 32a).</ref>
# One may say the Yehi Ratzon’s with Hashem’s name.<ref>Mishna Brurah 583:2 writes that the text of the Yehi Ratzon begin with Yehi Ratzon Milfanecha Hashem Elokeinu VeLokei Avoteinu with Hashem’s actual name. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93) agree. Nitei Gavriel 29:22, however, writes that from some poskim it seems that there was a text without Hashem’s name. Rav Shlomo Zalman’s minhag (Halichot Shlomo p. 12 note 70) was to say the first Yehi Ratzon with Hashem’s name and the others with Avinu SheBaShamayim. He explained that he did so because it’s difficult to have the proper kavana when saying Hashem’s name. Similarly, the Steipler’s minhag (Orchot Rabbenu vol 2, p. 175) was to say them without Hashem’s name. </ref>
#One may say the Yehi Ratzon’s with Hashem’s name.<ref>Mishna Brurah 583:2 writes that the text of the Yehi Ratzon begin with Yehi Ratzon Milfanecha Hashem Elokeinu VeLokei Avoteinu with Hashem’s actual name. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93) agree. Nitei Gavriel 29:22, however, writes that from some poskim it seems that there was a text without Hashem’s name. Rav Shlomo Zalman’s minhag (Halichot Shlomo p. 12 note 70) was to say the first Yehi Ratzon with Hashem’s name and the others with Avinu SheBaShamayim. He explained that he did so because it’s difficult to have the proper kavana when saying Hashem’s name. Similarly, the Steipler’s minhag (Orchot Rabbenu vol 2, p. 175) was to say them without Hashem’s name. </ref>


==Sleeping on Rosh Hashana==
==Sleeping on Rosh Hashana==
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