Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Shofar.jpg|thumbnail|Shofar]] | [[File:Shofar.jpg|thumbnail|Shofar]] | ||
==Shofar== | ==Shofar== | ||
===Mitzvah=== | |||
#It is a mitzvah from the Torah to hear the [[Shofar]] blows on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:1 (Moadim pg. 36) from the pasuk in Bamidbar 29:1 יוֹם תְּרוּעָה, יִהְיֶה לָכֶם</ref> | #It is a mitzvah from the Torah to hear the [[Shofar]] blows on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:1 (Moadim pg. 36) from the pasuk in Bamidbar 29:1 יוֹם תְּרוּעָה, יִהְיֶה לָכֶם</ref> | ||
===Text of the Bracha=== | |||
#The proper beracha is lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. However, if one recited litkoa [[shofar]] or al tekiat [[shofar]], he fulfills his obligation. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36 </ref> | #The proper beracha is lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. However, if one recited litkoa [[shofar]] or al tekiat [[shofar]], he fulfills his obligation. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36 </ref> | ||
===Shehechiyanu=== | |||
#The sephardic custom is that on the first day of Rosh Hashana, the beracha of [[shehecheyanu]] is recited after lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 116 </ref> If the first day is [[Shabbat]] and therefore we do not blow the [[shofar]], [[shehecheyanu]] is recited on the second day after lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36,48, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noriam pg. 112, 116 </ref> If a sephardic person is blowing [[shofar]] for an ashkenaz congregation on the 2nd day of Rosh Hashana, then one of the ashkenaz congregants should recite the [[shehecheyanu]]. If the sephardic [[shofar]] blower, recites [[shehecheyanu]] anyway, the congregation has nevertheless fulfilled their obligation of reciting it. <ref>Yalkut Yosef pg. 36, Sh"t Yabia Omer 1:29:11 </ref> | #The sephardic custom is that on the first day of Rosh Hashana, the beracha of [[shehecheyanu]] is recited after lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 116 </ref> If the first day is [[Shabbat]] and therefore we do not blow the [[shofar]], [[shehecheyanu]] is recited on the second day after lishmoa kol [[shofar]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 36,48, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noriam pg. 112, 116 </ref> If a sephardic person is blowing [[shofar]] for an ashkenaz congregation on the 2nd day of Rosh Hashana, then one of the ashkenaz congregants should recite the [[shehecheyanu]]. If the sephardic [[shofar]] blower, recites [[shehecheyanu]] anyway, the congregation has nevertheless fulfilled their obligation of reciting it. <ref>Yalkut Yosef pg. 36, Sh"t Yabia Omer 1:29:11 </ref> | ||
===Standing for Shofar Blowing=== | |||
#The custom is to stand even for the tekiot which are referred to as the tekiot dimiyushav, the 1st 30 tekiot, 3 sets of Tashrat, Tashat and Tarat. <ref>Mishna Brurah 585:2 </ref> A weak, ill, or old person can be lenient. <ref>Shaar Hatziyun 585:2. </ref> | |||
#The 30 tekiot after that are referred to as the tekiot dimeumad because one is required to stand for those. However, if one sat during these tekiot he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 592:2 </ref> | |||
#The congregation should stand while the Baal Tokeah makes the [[Brachot]] on the [[shofar]] and then they may sit for the blows prior to [[Mussaf]]. For the blows during [[Mussaf]] and the [[Chazarat HaShatz]], the congregation should stand.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:3 (Moadim pg. 36) </ref> | #The congregation should stand while the Baal Tokeah makes the [[Brachot]] on the [[shofar]] and then they may sit for the blows prior to [[Mussaf]]. For the blows during [[Mussaf]] and the [[Chazarat HaShatz]], the congregation should stand.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:3 (Moadim pg. 36) </ref> | ||
#One who couldn't go hear the [[shofar]] with a congregation and is having it blown for him at home, must stand for the [[shofar]] blowing. <ref>Sh"t Haridbaz 4:25 </ref> | #One who couldn't go hear the [[shofar]] with a congregation and is having it blown for him at home, must stand for the [[shofar]] blowing. <ref>Sh"t Haridbaz 4:25 </ref> | ||
===Talking Between Blows=== | |||
#One should refrain from talking from when the beracha is recited until after all 100 tekiot are blown. <ref>Chayei Adam 141:9. Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 3:44 and 4:47 says that [[Asher Yatzar]] may be recited during this time. </ref> One should also try not to cough or yawn during the [[shofar]] blowing so as not to confuse any listeners. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 40 </ref> | #One should refrain from talking from when the beracha is recited until after all 100 tekiot are blown. <ref>Chayei Adam 141:9. Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 3:44 and 4:47 says that [[Asher Yatzar]] may be recited during this time. </ref> One should also try not to cough or yawn during the [[shofar]] blowing so as not to confuse any listeners. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 40 </ref> | ||
===Unsure if One Fulfilled the Mitzvah=== | |||
#If one is unsure if he heard the [[shofar]] or not, he should hear it again without a beracha. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 37, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 161 </ref> | #If one is unsure if he heard the [[shofar]] or not, he should hear it again without a beracha. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 37, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 161 </ref> | ||
===Blowing from the Right Side=== | |||
#Ideally, the [[shofar]] blower should try to blow it from the right side of his mouth, but this certainly doesn't prevent one from fulfilling his obligation if he doesn't. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 41 </ref> | #Ideally, the [[shofar]] blower should try to blow it from the right side of his mouth, but this certainly doesn't prevent one from fulfilling his obligation if he doesn't. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 41 </ref> | ||
===Who is Obligated?=== | |||
# Women are exempt from blowing or listening to the shofar. Nonetheless, it is a mitzvah for women to voluntarily hear the shofar. According to Ashkenazim she can recite the bracha or the one blowing can recite the bracha even if blowing only for women, while according to Sephardim she may not recite a bracha and someone blowing just for women also may not recite the bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama Orach Chaim 589:6. {{Bracha on Mitzvot Aseh Shehazman Grama}}</ref> | |||
# A child who reached chinuch should hear the shofar being blown but can fulfill his obligation by blowing himself.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=92108 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Netsavim 5779 min 29)] explained that Rav Elyashiv Haarot Rosh Hashana and Gittin wrote that a child who reached chinuch needs to hear the shofar from an adult because the blowing of a child isn't considered the blowing of a mitzvah. However, Rav Yosef argued that it is considered a shofar blast for himself.</ref> | # A child who reached chinuch should hear the shofar being blown but can fulfill his obligation by blowing himself.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=92108 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Netsavim 5779 min 29)] explained that Rav Elyashiv Haarot Rosh Hashana and Gittin wrote that a child who reached chinuch needs to hear the shofar from an adult because the blowing of a child isn't considered the blowing of a mitzvah. However, Rav Yosef argued that it is considered a shofar blast for himself.</ref> | ||
===Borrowing a Shofar without Permission=== | ===Borrowing a Shofar without Permission=== | ||
