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Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions
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Rosh Hashana is the Jewish New Year which is both a holiday as well as a day of Judgement. Following Rosh Hashana until [[Yom Kippur]], there is a period called [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], the Ten Days of Repentance. The laws and customs for Rosh Hashana and [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]] are outlined below: | Rosh Hashana is the Jewish New Year which is both a holiday as well as a day of Judgement. Following Rosh Hashana until [[Yom Kippur]], there is a period called [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], the Ten Days of [[Repentance]]. The laws and customs for Rosh Hashana and [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]] are outlined below: | ||
==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ||
# [[Tachanun]] is not recited on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]] in [[Shacharit]], even though during [[selichot]] of that morning we do recite the yud gimmel middot and the nefilat apayim. However, [[tachanun]] is recited the [[mincha]] before erev rosh hashana. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 46, Shulchan Aruch 581:3, Kaf Hachayim 581:74 </ref> | # [[Tachanun]] is not recited on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]] in [[Shacharit]], even though during [[selichot]] of that morning we do recite the yud gimmel [[middot]] and the nefilat apayim. However, [[tachanun]] is recited the [[mincha]] before erev rosh hashana. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 46, Shulchan Aruch 581:3, Kaf Hachayim 581:74 </ref> | ||
# We do not blow the [[shofar]] on erev rosh hashana and if one needs to practice blowing for the holiday, he should do so in a private room. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21 </ref> | # We do not blow the [[shofar]] on erev rosh hashana and if one needs to practice blowing for the holiday, he should do so in a private room. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21 </ref> | ||
# There are five main customs observed on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]: 1) [[Laundering]] one's clothing. 2) Cutting one's hair. 3) Dipping in the mikveh. 4) Visiting the cemetery. 5) Giving [[tzedaka]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch, Siman 581:4 </ref> | # There are five main customs observed on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]: 1) [[Laundering]] one's clothing. 2) Cutting one's hair. 3) Dipping in the mikveh. 4) Visiting the cemetery. 5) Giving [[tzedaka]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch, Siman 581:4 </ref> | ||
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===What?=== | ===What?=== | ||
# The custom is to recite certain pesukim that are printed in the books. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35 </ref> | # The custom is to recite certain pesukim that are printed in the books. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35 </ref> | ||
# Many have the custom of shaking out their pockets as a symbol of throwing at one's sins. <ref> The Mateh Efraim 598:4 and Kitzur S"A 129:21. Eliya Rabba 596:3 writes based on kabbala that shaking out your pockets is like shaking off the kelipot (layers) that stick to us when we sin. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=367&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour] points out that this is in no way a substitute for repenting, just a symbolic act to show that our repentance is sincere. </ref> | # Many have the custom of shaking out their pockets as a symbol of throwing at one's sins. <ref> The Mateh Efraim 598:4 and Kitzur S"A 129:21. Eliya Rabba 596:3 writes based on kabbala that shaking out your pockets is like shaking off the kelipot (layers) that stick to us when we sin. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=367&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour] points out that this is in no way a substitute for repenting, just a symbolic act to show that our [[repentance]] is sincere. </ref> | ||
# Many poskim suggest that men and women should avoid being there at the same time so that it doesn't become an inappropriate, mixed social scene on our day of Judgment. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 583:4 and Elef Hamagen 583:7. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=367&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour], Ketzeh Hamateh 598:7 and Yalkut Yosef Moadim 35 say that women aren't obligated to do tashlich and therefore shouldn't in order to prevent inappropriate mingling between genders. </ref> | # Many poskim suggest that men and women should avoid being there at the same time so that it doesn't become an inappropriate, mixed social scene on our day of Judgment. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 583:4 and Elef Hamagen 583:7. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=367&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour], Ketzeh Hamateh 598:7 and Yalkut Yosef Moadim 35 say that women aren't obligated to do tashlich and therefore shouldn't in order to prevent inappropriate mingling between genders. </ref> | ||
===Shabbat=== | ===Shabbat=== | ||
# When the first day of rosh hashana falls out on [[Shabbat]], some poskim say to postpone it, while others say just to say tashlich then. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Parashat HaNetzavim: 12 says to say it even on [[shabbat]]. Kaf Hachayim 583:31 says that is the custom in Yerushalayim. Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35, Sh"t Yabia Omer 4:47, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:53, Halichot Olam 2:pg. 231 say that you should do it on that day but if there is no eruv then you cannot carry a book with you. If there is a concern that people will carry books anyway, it should be done the next day. If there is an eruv however, one should do it. If one normally doesn't rely on the eruv to carry, in this case he can give it to a child to carry for him. Shvut Yaakov 3:42 quotes the Shnei Luchot Habrit that it should be postponed, but disagrees and says to say it on [[shabbat]], and quotes the Maharil (Teshuva 136) as saying the same. This is also the ruling of the Mateh Ephraim 598:4, Shaare Teshuva 583:6. The Elef Hamagen 598:11 says to postpone it. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=368&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour] says this is the custom of the Brooklyn Syrian Community based on the psak of Chacham Baruch ben Chaim. See Yabia Omer 4:47 and Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 34 for a summary of the opinions on this matter. </ref> | # When the first day of rosh hashana falls out on [[Shabbat]], some poskim say to postpone it, while others say just to say tashlich then. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Parashat HaNetzavim: 12 says to say it even on [[shabbat]]. Kaf Hachayim 583:31 says that is the custom in Yerushalayim. Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35, Sh"t Yabia Omer 4:47, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:53, Halichot Olam 2:pg. 231 say that you should do it on that day but if there is no eruv then you cannot carry a book with you. If there is a concern that people will carry books anyway, it should be done the next day. If there is an eruv however, one should do it. If one normally doesn't rely on the eruv to carry, in this case he can give it to a child to carry for him. Shvut Yaakov 3:42 quotes the Shnei Luchot Habrit that it should be postponed, but disagrees and says to say it on [[shabbat]], and quotes the Maharil ([[Teshuva]] 136) as saying the same. This is also the ruling of the Mateh Ephraim 598:4, Shaare [[Teshuva]] 583:6. The Elef Hamagen 598:11 says to postpone it. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=368&txtSearch=tashlich'' Rabbi Eli Mansour] says this is the custom of the Brooklyn Syrian Community based on the psak of Chacham Baruch ben Chaim. See Yabia Omer 4:47 and Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 34 for a summary of the opinions on this matter. </ref> | ||
==Fasting on Rosh Hashana== | ==Fasting on Rosh Hashana== | ||
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'''Changes in [[Shemona Esreh]]''' | '''Changes in [[Shemona Esreh]]''' | ||
# During the [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], the conclusion of the Bracha HaEl HaKadosh is switched to HaMelech HaKadosh. <Ref>S”A 582:1, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> If one forgot to say HaMelech HaKadosh and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds), then one should say HaMelech HaKadosh right then. <Ref>S”A 582:2, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> If one remembered only afterwards one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it is assumed that one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:1, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> | # During the [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], the conclusion of the Bracha HaEl HaKadosh is switched to HaMelech HaKadosh. <Ref>S”A 582:1, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> If one forgot to say HaMelech HaKadosh and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds), then one should say HaMelech HaKadosh right then. <Ref>S”A 582:2, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> If one remembered only afterwards one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it is assumed that one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:1, Kitzur S”A 129:3 </ref> | ||
# The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat. According to Ashkenazim, if one forgot, one doesn’t go back to the beginning of [[Shemona Esreh]]. <Ref>Rama 118:1, Mishna Brurah 582:9 </ref> According to Sephardim, if one forgot and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds) then one should say HaMelech HaKadosh right then. If one remembered afterwards, some say that one should return to the Bracha of Hashiva, however, if one finished [[Shemoneh Esrei]] one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it’s the same as if one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:2. Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193) writes that this is the halacha and we don't say [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]] however it is more correct to stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]].</ref>However, some say that if one remembered after [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one need not repeat anything. <ref>Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in Maamer Mordechai (Aseret Yami Teshuva #19) based on Ben Ish Chai (Nitsavim #19). </ref> | # The conclusion of the Bracha Melech Ohev [[Tzedaka]] UMishpat is changed to HaMelech HaMishpat. According to Ashkenazim, if one forgot, one doesn’t go back to the beginning of [[Shemona Esreh]]. <Ref>Rama 118:1, Mishna Brurah 582:9 </ref> According to Sephardim, if one forgot and remembered within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] (2-3 seconds) then one should say HaMelech HaKadosh right then. If one remembered afterwards, some say that one should return to the Bracha of Hashiva, however, if one finished [[Shemoneh Esrei]] one must start from the beginning of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. If one is unsure, it’s the same as if one forgot. <Ref>S”A 582:2. Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 193) writes that this is the halacha and we don't say [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]] however it is more correct to stipulate: if I'm obligated to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] then I'm praying for my obligation, and if the halacha is that I don't have to repeat my [[prayer]] should be considered a voluntary [[prayer]].</ref>However, some say that if one remembered after [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] one need not repeat anything. <ref>Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in Maamer Mordechai (Aseret Yami [[Teshuva]] #19) based on Ben Ish Chai (Nitsavim #19). </ref> | ||
# Three other additions to [[Shemoneh Esrei]] are the lines of Zachrenu LeChaim, Mi Kamocha, Ketov BeSefer Chaim, and UveSefer Chaim. One may not skip UveSefer Chaim in order to catch [[Kedusha]] with the congregation. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 205) </ref> | # Three other additions to [[Shemoneh Esrei]] are the lines of Zachrenu LeChaim, Mi Kamocha, Ketov BeSefer Chaim, and UveSefer Chaim. One may not skip UveSefer Chaim in order to catch [[Kedusha]] with the congregation. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 205) </ref> | ||
# On Friday night, the words HaEl HaKadosh are changed to HaMelech HaKadosh in the Bracha Mein Sheva that the Sheliach Tzibbur says. <Ref> S”A 582:3 </ref>If he forgets and remembers before the end of the Bracha he goes back to HaEl HaKadosh, if he remembers after concluding the Bracha, he doesn't repeat it. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 582:11 writes that if he remembers before the end of the Bracha he goes back, however, after he finishes the Bracha, there’s a dispute in the achronim. However, the Kitzur S”A 129:4 writes that unless he remembers within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] he doesn’t go back. </ref> | # On Friday night, the words HaEl HaKadosh are changed to HaMelech HaKadosh in the Bracha Mein Sheva that the Sheliach Tzibbur says. <Ref> S”A 582:3 </ref>If he forgets and remembers before the end of the Bracha he goes back to HaEl HaKadosh, if he remembers after concluding the Bracha, he doesn't repeat it. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 582:11 writes that if he remembers before the end of the Bracha he goes back, however, after he finishes the Bracha, there’s a dispute in the achronim. However, the Kitzur S”A 129:4 writes that unless he remembers within [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] he doesn’t go back. </ref> | ||
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<References/> | <References/> | ||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | |||
