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Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions

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===Visiting the Cemetery===
===Visiting the Cemetery===
# Some have the custom to visit the grave-sites of righteous people on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 581:4. Kitzur S"A 128:13 points out that we are obviously not praying to the dead person themselves as that would be avoda zara, but rather that Hashem perform kindness and listen to our [[prayers]] thanks to the merit of these great tzaddikim. Mishna Berura 581:27 as well as the Sefer Ikarim 4:35 write likewise. </ref>
# Some have the custom to visit the grave-sites of righteous people on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 581:4. Kitzur S"A 128:13 points out that we are obviously not praying to the dead person themselves as that would be avoda zara, but rather that Hashem perform kindness and listen to our [[prayers]] thanks to the merit of these great tzaddikim. Mishna Brurah 581:27 as well as the Sefer Ikarim 4:35 write likewise. </ref>


===Fasting on Erev Rosh Hashana===
===Fasting on Erev Rosh Hashana===
# There is a custom to fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> The Shulchan Aruch 581:2 writes that the custom is to fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. The Rama ibid. writes that there is no need to finish the fast. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] says that one shouldn't eat until [[Kiddush]] that night. see Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 20, Halichot Olam 2:pg. 233 </ref>
# There is a custom to fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> The Shulchan Aruch 581:2 writes that the custom is to fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. The Rama ibid. writes that there is no need to finish the fast. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] says that one shouldn't eat until [[Kiddush]] that night. see Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 20, Halichot Olam 2:pg. 233 </ref>
# Some say that the minhag is that women do not fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> Mishna Berura 581:16 writes that women also fast, but [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski] says this isn't the custom. </ref>
# Some say that the minhag is that women do not fast on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 581:16 writes that women also fast, but [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski] says this isn't the custom. </ref>
# One who is still fasting at [[mincha]], should recite aneinu during [[mincha]], <ref> Mishna Berura 562:7 says this is true even if you do not plan on finishing the fast. For sephardim, the Kaf Hachayim 562:8 says if you do not plan on finishing the fast to recite aneinu during elokay nitzor. </ref> For the chazzan, if he doesn't plan on finishing the fast, he shouldn't recite aneinu in the chazarat hashatz at all. <ref> Beiur Halachah 562:1 "aval." </ref>
# One who is still fasting at [[mincha]], should recite aneinu during [[mincha]], <ref> Mishna Brurah 562:7 says this is true even if you do not plan on finishing the fast. For sephardim, the Kaf Hachayim 562:8 says if you do not plan on finishing the fast to recite aneinu during elokay nitzor. </ref> For the chazzan, if he doesn't plan on finishing the fast, he shouldn't recite aneinu in the chazarat hashatz at all. <ref> Beiur Halachah 562:1 "aval." </ref>
# One doesn't need to have to accept this fast upon himself during [[mincha]] the day before. <ref> Mishna Berura 581:16, [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski]. This is also the ruling of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] However, [http://revach.net/halacha/tshuvos/Rav-Elyashiv-On-Fasting-Erev-Rosh-Hashana/1020 Revach.net] quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if you don't fast every year, you should accept it during [[mincha]] the day before. </ref>
# One doesn't need to have to accept this fast upon himself during [[mincha]] the day before. <ref> Mishna Brurah 581:16, [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski]. This is also the ruling of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] However, [http://revach.net/halacha/tshuvos/Rav-Elyashiv-On-Fasting-Erev-Rosh-Hashana/1020 Revach.net] quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if you don't fast every year, you should accept it during [[mincha]] the day before. </ref>


===Dipping in the Mikveh===
===Dipping in the Mikveh===
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# The congregation should stand while the Baal Tokeah makes the [[Brachot]] on the [[shofar]] and then they may sit for the blows prior to [[Mussaf]]. For the blows during [[Mussaf]] and the [[Chazarat HaShatz]], the congregation should stand.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:3 (Moadim pg. 36) </ref>
# The congregation should stand while the Baal Tokeah makes the [[Brachot]] on the [[shofar]] and then they may sit for the blows prior to [[Mussaf]]. For the blows during [[Mussaf]] and the [[Chazarat HaShatz]], the congregation should stand.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 583:3 (Moadim pg. 36) </ref>
# One who couldn't go hear the [[shofar]] with a congregation and is having it blown for him at home, must stand for the [[shofar]] blowing. <ref> Sh"t Haridbaz 4:25 </ref>  
# One who couldn't go hear the [[shofar]] with a congregation and is having it blown for him at home, must stand for the [[shofar]] blowing. <ref> Sh"t Haridbaz 4:25 </ref>  
# The custom is to stand even for the tekiot which are referred to as the tekiot dimiyushav, the 1st 30 tekiot, 3 sets of Tashrat, Tashat and Tarat. <Ref> Mishna Berura 585:2. </ref> A weak, ill, or old person can be lenient. <ref> Shaar Hatziyun 585:2. </ref>  
# The custom is to stand even for the tekiot which are referred to as the tekiot dimiyushav, the 1st 30 tekiot, 3 sets of Tashrat, Tashat and Tarat. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 585:2. </ref> A weak, ill, or old person can be lenient. <ref> Shaar Hatziyun 585:2. </ref>  
# The 30 tekiot after that are referred to  as the tekiot dimeumad because one is required to stand for those. However, if one sat during these tekiot he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Mishna Berura 592:2 </ref>  
# The 30 tekiot after that are referred to  as the tekiot dimeumad because one is required to stand for those. However, if one sat during these tekiot he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Mishna Brurah 592:2 </ref>  
# One should refrain from talking from when the beracha is recited until after all 100 tekiot are blown. <ref> Chayei Adam 141:9. Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 3:44 and 4:47 says that [[Asher Yatzar]] may be recited during this time. </ref> One should also try not to cough or yawn during the [[shofar]] blowing so as not to confuse any listeners. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 40 </ref>  
# One should refrain from talking from when the beracha is recited until after all 100 tekiot are blown. <ref> Chayei Adam 141:9. Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 3:44 and 4:47 says that [[Asher Yatzar]] may be recited during this time. </ref> One should also try not to cough or yawn during the [[shofar]] blowing so as not to confuse any listeners. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 40 </ref>  
# If one is unsure if he heard the [[shofar]] or not, he should hear it again without a beracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 37, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 161 </ref>  
# If one is unsure if he heard the [[shofar]] or not, he should hear it again without a beracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 37, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 161 </ref>  
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==Minhag of Tashlich==
==Minhag of Tashlich==
===Where and When?===
===Where and When?===
# The minhag is to say Tashlich near an ocean or river on the first day of Rosh Hashana. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 186), Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 44. The name of this ritual comes from a verse in Michah 7:19 which says  וְתַשְׁלִיךְ בִּמְצֻלוֹת יָם, כָּל חַטֹּאותָם. This minhag is mentioned by the Rama 583:2. Mishna Berura 583:8 says that this is in remembrance of the akedat yitzchak, because the midrash says that on his way, Avraham had to cross a river, and when the water level was up to his neck he called out to Hashem and Hashem saved him. Rama in Torat HaOlah 3:56 explains that when one goes to an ocean or rivers and sees the greatness of Hashem's creations, he will immediately regret his sins and will be forgiven. The Kaf Hachayim 583:30 calls this an Ashkenazic minhag but adds that the custom in his times in Jerusalem was to say it. Maaseh Rav 209 writes that the minhag of the gra and his student Rav Chaim Volozhin was not to do tashlich at all, but Rav Moshe Harari in Mikraei Kodesh Rosh Hashana 14:note 4) writes that many people who generally follow the customs of the Gra do not follow him for this. </ref> The minhag is to say it after [[mincha]] <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 186. Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:346 agrees but says that [[mincha]] should be said earlier in the day so tashlich could be said immediately afterwards because he doesn't think it is so simple that it's permissible to carry the siddur. Also see Moadim U'Zmanim 1:34 where he discusses this issue. </ref>
# The minhag is to say Tashlich near an ocean or river on the first day of Rosh Hashana. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 186), Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 44. The name of this ritual comes from a verse in Michah 7:19 which says  וְתַשְׁלִיךְ בִּמְצֻלוֹת יָם, כָּל חַטֹּאותָם. This minhag is mentioned by the Rama 583:2. Mishna Brurah 583:8 says that this is in remembrance of the akedat yitzchak, because the midrash says that on his way, Avraham had to cross a river, and when the water level was up to his neck he called out to Hashem and Hashem saved him. Rama in Torat HaOlah 3:56 explains that when one goes to an ocean or rivers and sees the greatness of Hashem's creations, he will immediately regret his sins and will be forgiven. The Kaf Hachayim 583:30 calls this an Ashkenazic minhag but adds that the custom in his times in Jerusalem was to say it. Maaseh Rav 209 writes that the minhag of the gra and his student Rav Chaim Volozhin was not to do tashlich at all, but Rav Moshe Harari in Mikraei Kodesh Rosh Hashana 14:note 4) writes that many people who generally follow the customs of the Gra do not follow him for this. </ref> The minhag is to say it after [[mincha]] <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 186. Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:346 agrees but says that [[mincha]] should be said earlier in the day so tashlich could be said immediately afterwards because he doesn't think it is so simple that it's permissible to carry the siddur. Also see Moadim U'Zmanim 1:34 where he discusses this issue. </ref>
# It is preferable for there to be living fish in the body of water. <ref> Mishna Berura 583:8. Mishna Berura elaborates that this is symbolic of our wish to be immune to the ayin hara and that we want to be as fruitful as the fish of the sea. Mateh Ephraim 598:4-5 also says it should be done with fish, but criticizes the minhag that some have of feeding the fish crumbs of bread. The Machatzit Hashekel 583:5 also says it is forbidden to throw food into the water. </ref>  
# It is preferable for there to be living fish in the body of water. <ref> Mishna Brurah 583:8. Mishna Brurah elaborates that this is symbolic of our wish to be immune to the ayin hara and that we want to be as fruitful as the fish of the sea. Mateh Ephraim 598:4-5 also says it should be done with fish, but criticizes the minhag that some have of feeding the fish crumbs of bread. The Machatzit Hashekel 583:5 also says it is forbidden to throw food into the water. </ref>  
# If one didn't get a chance to do it on the first day, one should still do it on the second day after [[mussaf]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35 </ref>   
# If one didn't get a chance to do it on the first day, one should still do it on the second day after [[mussaf]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 35 </ref>