Recreation on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Taking a Walk== | ||
# It is permitted to walk around on Shabbat for pleasure.<ref>Rama 301:2</ref> Even if one's intention is to walk for exercise it is permitted since it isn't clear that one is doing so for exercise, though some poskim are strict about this.<ref>Mishna Brurah 301:7</ref> | |||
# In Israel it is forbidden to visit a zoo on Shabbat.<ref>https://www.ykr.org.il/modules/Ask/answer/12652 identifies three issues of visiting a zoo on Shabbat: 1) If the zoo is running by Jews it is forbidden to benefit from their violation of Shabbat. 2) It is forbidden to pay for entrance and even if one paid in advance the tickets are muktzeh to move. 3) It is forbidden to go because of marit ayin and people will think that you paid for it on Shabbat.</ref> | |||
==Running== | |||
# One should not run or even take big steps on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 301:1, Rama 301:1, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:4 </ref> | |||
# One may run because of the rain, a fear, or another extreme need.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:5, Yalkut Yosef 301:3 cited by Tiferet 301:2. Midrash Rabba (Devarim 18) implies that one shouldn't run on Shabbat even because of the rain. Shevet Halevi 1:58 explains that the reason running is general forbidden unless it is a mitzvah is because someone who is running looks like he is doing something for his personal gain and business as he would do during the week. However, if he's caught in the rain it is permitted to run since it is evident that one is doing so for a specific permitted purpose.</ref> | |||
# It's permissible for children to play a game that involves running because it is their oneg [[shabbat]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 301:2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:6. Magen Avraham 301:3 writes that it is even permitted initially. </ref> | |||
# For example, it is permitted for children to play tag, hide and seek, or jump rope on Shabbat.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 301:7 cited by Tiferet 301:5</ref> | |||
# However, running in order to sweat is forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 301:7 based on Shulchan Aruch 328:42</ref> | |||
# It's permissible to run for the purpose of a mitzvah such as running to shul for [[davening]] or learning. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 301:1, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 29:7 </ref> | |||
==Exercising== | |||
# It is forbidden to exercise on Shabbat.<Ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 34:22 based on Shulchan Aruch 328:42</ref> | |||
# It is forbidden to use fitness equipment for exercising. However, it is permitted to use a hand fitness tool even if one is doing so to avoid pain or minimize them.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 34:22</ref> | |||
# One shouldn't do physiotherapy or occupational therapy on Shababt unless one is sick but isn't in real danger (choleh shein bo sakana).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 34:23</ref> | |||
# One may do breathing and speech exercises if one began the therapy before Shabbat and one needs to do so every day.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 34:23</ref> | |||
==Swimming== | |||
# It is forbidden to swim on Shabbat in a river, ocean, or pool.<ref>The Mishna (Beitzah 36b) establishes that it is forbidden to swim on Shabbat. The gemara explains that it is a rabbinic gezerah so that on Shabbat a person doesn't make a raft that floats in the water. The Gemara Shabbat 40b clarifies that this only applies to swimming in a body of water without a lip. However, if there's an edge to the pool it is permitted. Rashi (41a s.v. de'eyt) explains that the lip makes it permitted since everyone will know that it isn't similar to a river and the gezerah wouldn't apply. The Rif (Shabbat 18b) differs in his explanation; he understood that reason a pool would look like a river is true when water splashes out of the pool, but if there's a lip that keeps the water in the pot there's no gezerah. The Shulchan Aruch 339:2 codifies the Mishna Beitzah and accepts the explanation of the Rif. Therefore, in terms of the gezerah not to swim on Shabbat it would apply to an ocean, river, or pool which doesn't have a lip that keeps the water in from splashing out. | # It is forbidden to swim on Shabbat in a river, ocean, or pool.<ref>The Mishna (Beitzah 36b) establishes that it is forbidden to swim on Shabbat. The gemara explains that it is a rabbinic gezerah so that on Shabbat a person doesn't make a raft that floats in the water. The Gemara Shabbat 40b clarifies that this only applies to swimming in a body of water without a lip. However, if there's an edge to the pool it is permitted. Rashi (41a s.v. de'eyt) explains that the lip makes it permitted since everyone will know that it isn't similar to a river and the gezerah wouldn't apply. The Rif (Shabbat 18b) differs in his explanation; he understood that reason a pool would look like a river is true when water splashes out of the pool, but if there's a lip that keeps the water in the pot there's no gezerah. The Shulchan Aruch 339:2 codifies the Mishna Beitzah and accepts the explanation of the Rif. Therefore, in terms of the gezerah not to swim on Shabbat it would apply to an ocean, river, or pool which doesn't have a lip that keeps the water in from splashing out. | ||
* Mishna Brurah 339:4 adds an important point. If the pool is outside in a public domain it is certainly forbidden to swim in that pool since the water will move because of his movements, which is considered carrying. | * Mishna Brurah 339:4 adds an important point. If the pool is outside in a public domain it is certainly forbidden to swim in that pool since the water will move because of his movements, which is considered carrying. | ||
