Order of Taking the Four Minim: Difference between revisions
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{{Bracha on Mitzvot Aseh Shehazman Grama}} </ref> | {{Bracha on Mitzvot Aseh Shehazman Grama}} </ref> | ||
# Women do not have to shake the [[lulav]] in all six directions as men do. <ref>Shu"t Rav Pealim 1:12 </ref> | # Women do not have to shake the [[lulav]] in all six directions as men do. <ref>Shu"t Rav Pealim 1:12 </ref> | ||
#The obligation for children begins at the age when they can shake the [[lulav]] on their own.<ref>Sukka 42a, Rambam Hilchot sukka 7:19. The Mishna Brurah 657:1 adds even if a child is six years old, the usual age of [[chinuch]], if he cannot shake the [[lulav]] properly, one is not obligated to train him in this mitzva. </ref> When they reach that age, the father has an obligation to buy him a kosher set of [[arba minim]] that will be his own. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 657:1. Beiur Halacha there "kidei lichancho" adds that it must be kosher, and Iggerot Moshe OC 3:95 adds that it should be his own if possible. </ref> | # The obligation for children begins at the age when they can shake the [[lulav]] on their own.<ref>Sukka 42a, Rambam Hilchot sukka 7:19. The Mishna Brurah 657:1 adds even if a child is six years old, the usual age of [[chinuch]], if he cannot shake the [[lulav]] properly, one is not obligated to train him in this mitzva. </ref> When they reach that age, the father has an obligation to buy him a kosher set of [[arba minim]] that will be his own. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 657:1. Beiur Halacha there "kidei lichancho" adds that it must be kosher, and Iggerot Moshe OC 3:95 adds that it should be his own if possible. </ref> | ||
==Beracha== | ==Beracha== | ||
# On the first day of [[Sukkot]] prior to shaking the [[lulav]], we recite the beracha of ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על נטילת לולב and add [[shehecheyanu]]. On the remaining days, including the second day of Yom Tov<ref>Hagahot Maimoniyot Brachot 11:3 writes there's no bracha on lulav the second day since we already did it yesterday but then he concludes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to recite it and the Rabbenu Peretz agreed.</ref>, we don't say [[shehecheyanu]] unless the first day was [[shabbat]], in which case we would say it on the second day. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 662:1-2. </ref> | |||
#On the first day of [[Sukkot]] prior to shaking the [[lulav]], we recite the beracha of ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על נטילת לולב and add [[shehecheyanu]]. On the remaining days, including the second day of Yom Tov<ref>Hagahot Maimoniyot Brachot 11:3 writes there's no bracha on lulav the second day since we already did it yesterday but then he concludes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to recite it and the Rabbenu Peretz agreed.</ref>, we don't say [[shehecheyanu]] unless the first day was [[shabbat]], in which case we would say it on the second day. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 662:1-2. </ref> | # If one didn't take the [[four minim]] on the first day, then he says [[shehecheyanu]] the first time that he does. <ref>Mishna Brurah 662:3 </ref> | ||
#If one didn't take the [[four minim]] on the first day, then he says [[shehecheyanu]] the first time that he does. <ref>Mishna Brurah 662:3 </ref> | |||
#The beracha and taking of the [[arba minim]] should be done while standing, but if you sat, you are yotzei bidieved. <ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 416 quoting the Shibbolei Haleket 366, and the Sefer Yereim 114 that its based on a gezeira shava learned from [[sefirat haomer]]. The halacha regarding [[sefirat haomer]] is in Rambam Hilchot Temidim Umusafim 7:23. Mahari Vayil 191 explicitly states that one should shake the lulav while standing. Lehorot Natan 11:69 concludes that both the bracha and mitzvah should be done standing.</ref> | #The beracha and taking of the [[arba minim]] should be done while standing, but if you sat, you are yotzei bidieved. <ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 416 quoting the Shibbolei Haleket 366, and the Sefer Yereim 114 that its based on a gezeira shava learned from [[sefirat haomer]]. The halacha regarding [[sefirat haomer]] is in Rambam Hilchot Temidim Umusafim 7:23. Mahari Vayil 191 explicitly states that one should shake the lulav while standing. Lehorot Natan 11:69 concludes that both the bracha and mitzvah should be done standing.</ref> | ||
==When to make the Bracha== | ==When to make the Bracha== | ||
===Before Doing the Mitzva (עובר לעשייתן)=== | |||
#Since we are supposed to make the beracha before doing the mitzva (''[[over liasiyatan]]'')<ref>Pesachim 7b, Rambam Hilchot [[Lulav]] 7:6 </ref> and since we fulfill the mitzva of [[arba minim]] by simply lifting them together<ref>Sukka 42a </ref> it is preferable to follow one of these methods so that you say the beracha and then do the mitzva. Either | # Since we are supposed to make the beracha before doing the mitzva (''[[over liasiyatan]]'')<ref>Pesachim 7b, Rambam Hilchot [[Lulav]] 7:6 </ref> and since we fulfill the mitzva of [[arba minim]] by simply lifting them together<ref>Sukka 42a </ref> it is preferable to follow one of these methods so that you say the beracha and then do the mitzva. Either | ||
##take the [[Lulav]], [[Hadasim]], and [[Aravot]] in one’s right hand, leave the [[Etrog]] on the Table (out of the box)<ref>As the Rambam says in Hilchot Sukka 7:5 the taking of the daled minim are all one mitzva and are miakev each other (meaning taking 3 without the 4th doesn't fulfill anything.) Therefore, until you take the [[etrog]] you haven't fulfilled your obligation, then you say the beracha, and then fulfill your obligation. The Bach 651 says that this option only works according to Rabbeinu Tam cited in Tosafot [[Sukkah]] 34b s.v. Shetehei who holds that one must take all four species simultaneously to fulfill his obligation. The Rosh [[Sukkah]] 3:14 disagrees and says there is no need to take all four together. Therefore, the Bach says this suggestion wouldn't work according to the Rosh. However, the Shaar Hatziyun 651:28 disagrees with the Bach and says even according to the Rosh this suggestion would work because even though you don't need to lift them simultaneously, you haven't fulfilled your obligation until you lift all four at least at some point. Beur Gra 651:16 thinks this solution doesn't work.</ref> | ##take the [[Lulav]], [[Hadasim]], and [[Aravot]] in one’s right hand, leave the [[Etrog]] on the Table (out of the box)<ref>As the Rambam says in Hilchot Sukka 7:5 the taking of the daled minim are all one mitzva and are miakev each other (meaning taking 3 without the 4th doesn't fulfill anything.) Therefore, until you take the [[etrog]] you haven't fulfilled your obligation, then you say the beracha, and then fulfill your obligation. The Bach 651 says that this option only works according to Rabbeinu Tam cited in Tosafot [[Sukkah]] 34b s.v. Shetehei who holds that one must take all four species simultaneously to fulfill his obligation. The Rosh [[Sukkah]] 3:14 disagrees and says there is no need to take all four together. Therefore, the Bach says this suggestion wouldn't work according to the Rosh. However, the Shaar Hatziyun 651:28 disagrees with the Bach and says even according to the Rosh this suggestion would work because even though you don't need to lift them simultaneously, you haven't fulfilled your obligation until you lift all four at least at some point. Beur Gra 651:16 thinks this solution doesn't work.</ref> | ||
##or take the [[Lulav]] in one’s right hand, and [[Etrog]] in one’s left hand while the [[Etrog]] is upside down <ref>Holding the [[etrog]] upside down allows you not to fulfill your obligation until you flip it over because the Gemara Sukka 42a that in order to fulfill the mitzva of taking the daled minim all four have to be held kiderech gideilatan"-the way in which they grow. Mishna Brurah 652:16 says you aren't even yotze bidieved. Bach 651 (mentioned in the previous suggestion) says based on the aforementioned Rosh this suggestion would also not work unless you held all 4 minim upside down. Beur Gra 651:16 thinks this solution doesn't work.</ref> | ##or take the [[Lulav]] in one’s right hand, and [[Etrog]] in one’s left hand while the [[Etrog]] is upside down <ref>Holding the [[etrog]] upside down allows you not to fulfill your obligation until you flip it over because the Gemara Sukka 42a that in order to fulfill the mitzva of taking the daled minim all four have to be held kiderech gideilatan"-the way in which they grow. Mishna Brurah 652:16 says you aren't even yotze bidieved. Bach 651 (mentioned in the previous suggestion) says based on the aforementioned Rosh this suggestion would also not work unless you held all 4 minim upside down. Beur Gra 651:16 thinks this solution doesn't work.</ref> | ||
##or take the [[Lulav]] and [[Etrog]] in their upright positions and have in mind not to fulfill the mitzvah until you make the Bracha. <ref>This works because even if we say mitzvot don't need kavana (argument in [[Rosh Hashana]] 28b see http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Having_Kavana_for_Mitzvot ) to be yotze, most poskim agree that kavana not to be yotze doesn't fulfill your obligation. (Bet Yosef 589 and S”A 6:4). Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik in Reshimot [[Shiurim]] [[Sukkah]] 39a notes that this suggestion is only valid if over li'asiyatan requires one to recite the beracha prior to the fulfillment of the mitzvah but not if the beracha needs to be recited before the performance of the mitzva. Taz OC 651:5, writes that this suggestion is difficult as one may forget to have specific intent not to fulfill the mitzvah when he lifts them. However, this is the preferred method of the Biur Hagra 651:5. </ref>and then make the Bracha. <ref>All three suggestions are made by tosafot in sukka 39a "over". Shulchan Aruch O.C. 651:5 suggests the first two suggestions, while the Mishna Brurah 651:25 quotes the Bet Yosef who brings the third option and quotes the Gra as saying that the third option is the most preferable. The Mishna Brurah makes no mention of which option is preferable. Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 651:14) also brings all three opinions and doesn’t decide on which is most preferable. </ref> | ##or take the [[Lulav]] and [[Etrog]] in their upright positions and have in mind not to fulfill the mitzvah until you make the Bracha. <ref>This works because even if we say mitzvot don't need kavana (argument in [[Rosh Hashana]] 28b see http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Having_Kavana_for_Mitzvot ) to be yotze, most poskim agree that kavana not to be yotze doesn't fulfill your obligation. (Bet Yosef 589 and S”A 6:4). Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik in Reshimot [[Shiurim]] [[Sukkah]] 39a notes that this suggestion is only valid if over li'asiyatan requires one to recite the beracha prior to the fulfillment of the mitzvah but not if the beracha needs to be recited before the performance of the mitzva. Taz OC 651:5, writes that this suggestion is difficult as one may forget to have specific intent not to fulfill the mitzvah when he lifts them. However, this is the preferred method of the Biur Hagra 651:5. </ref>and then make the Bracha. <ref>All three suggestions are made by tosafot in sukka 39a "over". Shulchan Aruch O.C. 651:5 suggests the first two suggestions, while the Mishna Brurah 651:25 quotes the Bet Yosef who brings the third option and quotes the Gra as saying that the third option is the most preferable. The Mishna Brurah makes no mention of which option is preferable. Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 651:14) also brings all three opinions and doesn’t decide on which is most preferable. </ref> | ||
#After the fact if one took all four species (before making the Bracha), one may still make the Bracha as long as one didn’t shake it yet.<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 7b s.v. bidna, Rosh Sukka 3:33, Chayei Adam 148:11, Mishna Brurah 651:27, and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 651:14). The Rabbeinu Nissim Sukka 20b "U'Midefarchinan" says that this is permitted even lechatchilah. The Bikkurei Yaakov 651:20 extends it to the entire [[hallel]] and the Aruch Hashulchan 651:14 says that as long as your still holding your [[lulav]] you can still say the beracha. Shaar Hatziyun 651:32 however rejects this opinion. </ref> | # After the fact if one took all four species (before making the Bracha), one may still make the Bracha as long as one didn’t shake it yet.<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 7b s.v. bidna, Rosh Sukka 3:33, Chayei Adam 148:11, Mishna Brurah 651:27, and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 651:14). The Rabbeinu Nissim Sukka 20b "U'Midefarchinan" says that this is permitted even lechatchilah. The Bikkurei Yaakov 651:20 extends it to the entire [[hallel]] and the Aruch Hashulchan 651:14 says that as long as your still holding your [[lulav]] you can still say the beracha. Shaar Hatziyun 651:32 however rejects this opinion. </ref> | ||
===In the Sukkah=== | |||
# Some have the minhag to shake the lulav after reciting the bracha in the Sukkah before praying Shacharit and then additionally to shake the Lulav during Hallel (without repeating the beracha),<ref>This practice is mentioned by the Mishna Brura 652:4</ref> while most recite the beracha in shul after Chazarat Hashatz of Shacharit, before Hallel<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 6:44:1. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=67781 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Haazinu 5779 min. 6)] explains that his father never took the lulav to shake it in the Sukkah. Shu"t Igrot Moshe OC 4:99 writes that the practice to do so earlier in the Sukkah is only for very unique individuals who are very careful in Halacha</ref> | |||
==Set up of the Arba Minim== | ==Set up of the Arba Minim== | ||
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# If someone is in a shul that has a minhag to shake in a certain direction he should follow their practice.<ref>Orchot Rabbenu v. 3 p. 91, Chazon Ovadia Sukkah p. 355. Chazon Ovadia quotes all the reasons that it isn't necessary to have one practice in this case but concludes that it is proper to establish one practice for each community.</ref> Some are lenient and don't consider it [[Lo_Titgodedu|Lo Titgodedu]].<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 651:13 based on Aruch Hashulchan 651:22</ref> | # If someone is in a shul that has a minhag to shake in a certain direction he should follow their practice.<ref>Orchot Rabbenu v. 3 p. 91, Chazon Ovadia Sukkah p. 355. Chazon Ovadia quotes all the reasons that it isn't necessary to have one practice in this case but concludes that it is proper to establish one practice for each community.</ref> Some are lenient and don't consider it [[Lo_Titgodedu|Lo Titgodedu]].<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 651:13 based on Aruch Hashulchan 651:22</ref> | ||
# One should refrain from shaking while mentioning the name of Hashem lest he become distracted while saying His name. <ref>Mishna Brurah 651:37, Kaf Hachayim 651:84, Chazon Ovadia 655 </ref> | # One should refrain from shaking while mentioning the name of Hashem lest he become distracted while saying His name. <ref>Mishna Brurah 651:37, Kaf Hachayim 651:84, Chazon Ovadia 655 </ref> | ||
==Borrowing without Permission== | ==Borrowing without Permission== | ||
